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1.
Ralf Möller Roderick D. Ball Anna R. Henderson Günter Modzel Jens Find 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2006,85(2):161-171
Light has been found to increase the proportion of tracheary elements differentiating in callus cultures derived from xylem-parenchyma of Pinus radiata D. Don grown on an induction medium containing activated charcoal but no phytohormones. The differentiation rate increased from 20% when callus was grown in darkness to 45% when callus was grown with a 16 h or 24 h photoperiod. When callus was grown with a 16 h photoperiod, tracheary elements were observed 2 days after transfer of callus to the induction medium, as compared to 5 days when callus was cultured in darkness. The differentiation rate was also influenced by the concentration of activated charcoal added to the induction medium, the optimum concentration being 5 g l−1. Exclusion of activated charcoal from the induction medium decreased the differentiation rate to 2%. The activities of the lignin-related enzymes L-phenylalanine ammonia lyase and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase were significantly higher in cell cultures grown with a 16 h photoperiod as compared to when grown in darkness. The results show that light had a stimulating effect on tracheary element differentiation and the activities of lignin-related enzymes in P. radiata callus cultures. The new growth conditions markedly improve this cell culture system and make it particularly useful for functional gene testing and cell-wall analysis of in vitro grown tracheary elements of coniferous gymnosperms. 相似文献
2.
Summary The present study aimed to evaluate the response to salinity of Populus euphratica, which is more salt-resistant than other poplar cultivars, at the cellular level. To this purpose, callus was induced from
shoot segments of P. euphratica on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l−1 (2.2 μM) 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.5 mg l−1 (2.7 μM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Callus was transferred to MS medium supplemented with 0.25 mg l−1 (1.1 μM) BA and 0.5 mg l−1 NAA. The relative growth rate of callus reached a maximum in the presence of 50 mmol l−1 NaCl and growth was inhibited with increasing NaCl concentrations. Examination of the changes of osmotic substances under
salt stress showed that accumulation of proline, glycine betaine, and total soluble sugars increased with increasing salt
concentrations. The results indicate that the response of the callus of P. euphratica to salt stress is similar to that of the whole plant. 相似文献
3.
An in vitro selection method was developed for Coleus blumei to enhance salt tolerance of this amenity species. Leaf disc explants were incubated on a Murashige & Skoog medium containing benzylaminopurine, 2 mg l-1, and napthalene acetic acid, 1 mg l-1, which initiated both callus and plantlets from the explants. A large number of explants were incubated on this differentiating medium containing 90 mM NaCl, which inhibited over 90% of plantlet formation. Surviving plantlets. were grown to maturity, when apical cuttings were taken and propagated. Plants were also allowed to flower and set seed. Cuttings from the selected regenerated plants showed consistently better growth in the presence of NaCl than unselected cuttings. Seed progeny of selected plants also showed more vigorous growth in the presence and absence of NaCl than progeny from unselected plants. The in vitro selection was compared with the results of an earlier in vivo selection to assess the contribution from tissue culture derived somaclonal variation. Progeny from the in vitro selection showed a higher level of tolerance than progeny from the in vivo selection. 相似文献
4.
Deeks Shannon J. Shamoun Simon F. Punja Zamir K. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2001,66(2):97-105
A procedure for in vitro culture of the parasitic flowering plant western hemlock dwarf mistletoe, Arceuthobium tsugense (Rosend.) G.N. Jones subsp. tsugense, is described. A factorial experiment evaluated the effects of media (Harvey's medium (HM) and modified White's medium (WM)),
temperatures (15 °C and 20 °C), presence or absence of light, and plant growth regulators (the auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid (2,4-D) and the cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) at varying concentrations (0.001 mg l−1 to 1 mg l−1)). Seed explants germinated in less than one week in culture and produced radicles. Optimal conditions for radicle elongation
were WM at 20 °C in the presence of light and without plant growth regulators. Some of the radicles split at the tip to yield
callus while others swelled to become spherical holdfasts. Holdfasts were also produced at the tips of radicles, and callus
arose from split holdfasts. Factors that promoted holdfast production were Harvey's medium, light, and 2,4-D at 1 mg l−1. Callus development from split radicles and split holdfasts was optimal on WM with 0.5 mg l−1 2,4-D and 1 mg l−1 BAP at 20 °C in the dark.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
Yu-Shi Luan Juan Zhang Xiao-Rong Gao Li-Jia An 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2007,88(1):77-81
Salt tolerant cultivars of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) can be obtained from induced mutation. The objective of the present study was to induce mutation for salt tolerance using
ethylmethanesulphonate (EMS) in calli of sweet potato, followed by cell line selection and subsequent plant regeneration.
Calli initiated from leaf explants were treated with 0.5% EMS for 0, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 h, followed by rinsing with sterile
distilled water for four times. Preliminary experiments showed that 200 mM NaCl could be used as selection pressure. Salt
tolerant calli were sub-cultured on medium supplemented with 200 mM NaCl for selection of mutant cell lines and this process
repeated 5 times (20 days each). The selected calli were transferred onto somatic embryo formation medium, which was Murashige
and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4 mg l−1 abscisic acid (ABA), 10 mg l−1 gibberellic acid (GA). After 15 days, somatic embryos were transferred onto MS medium supplemented with 0.05 mg l−1 ABA, 0.2 mg l−1 zeatin (ZT) for regeneration. Plants designated as ML1, ML2 and ML3 were regenerated from the somatic embryos formed by calli
treated with 0.5% EMS for 2 and 2.5 h. After propagation, salt tolerance of these mutants was investigated. Data suggested
the mutants were more salt tolerant than control plants. 相似文献
6.
《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2022,29(4):2541-2551
Salinity and drought stress, which combines a lack of water and sodium toxicity, are more of the problems faced by plants and agricultural crops in newly reclaimed lands. Therefore, the direction of our research is to produce salinity-tolerant plants to increase the productivity of crops under conditions of salt stress. Potato callus was studied using different concentrations of NaCl (0.0, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 and 200 mM). Shoot induction was obtained from callus treated with MS medium containing 4.0 and 5.0 mg l?1 TDZ + 0.5 mg l?1 GA3 with NaCl up to 125 mM and 150 mM for Rosetta and Victoria, respectively. When plantlets were cultured on MS medium containing 3.0 mg l?1 kinetin and 1.0 mg l-1paclobutrazol (PBZ) with 80 or 90 g l?1 sucrose after two months gave a good microtuber per explant of Rosetta and Victoria cultivar which gave number of microtuber/plantlet (1.85) and (2.40) when plantlets treated with 125 mM and 150 mM NaCl of Rosetta and Victoria cultivar, respectively. In general, the results were shown in each treatment of NaCl and that amounts of proline at 125 and 150 mMNaCl were significantly more than 0.0, 50, 75 and 100 mM NaCl. This result is related to the role of proline in the osmotic adjustment of a higher concentration of salinity. The results showed that the amounts of sodium increased with increasing the salt concentration, but the amount of potassium decreased and also increased the Na+/K+ ratio with increasing the salt concentration. This research is important for in vitro potato plant regeneration, which requires optimization before genetic transformation can be achieved. 相似文献
7.
Summary Sodium chloride-tolerant plantlets of Dendrocalamus strictus were regenerated successfully from NaCl-tolerant embryogenic callus via somatic embryogenesis. The selection of embryogenic
callus tolerant to 100 mM NaCl was made by exposing the callus to increasing (0–200 mM) concentrations of NaCl in Murashige and Skoog medium having 3% (w/v) sucrose, 0.8% (w/v) agar, 3.0 mg l−1 (13.6 μM) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and 0.5mg l−1 (2.3μM) kinetin (callus initiation medium). The tolerance of the selected embryogenic callus to 100 mM NaCl was stable through three successive transfers on NaCl-free callus initiation medium. The tolerant embryogenic callus
had high levels of Na+, sugar, free amino acids, and proline but a slight decline was recorded in K+ level. The stable 100 mM NaCl-tolerant embryogenic callus differentiated somatic embryos on maintenance medium [MS medium +3% sucrose +0.8% agar +2.0
mg l−1 (9.0 μM) 2,4-D+0.5 mg l−1 (2.3 μM) kinetin] supplemented with different (0–200 mM) concentrations of NaCl. About 39% of mature somatic embryos tolerant to 100 mM NaCl germinated and converted into plantlets in germination medium [half-strength MS+2% sucrose+0.02 mg l−1 (0.1 μM) α-naphthaleneacetic acid +0.1 mg l−1 (0.49 μM) indole-3-butyric acid] containing 100 mM NaCl. Of these plantlets about 31% established well on transplantation into a garden soil and sand (1:1) mixture containing
0.2% (w/w) NaCl. 相似文献
8.
Jameel M. Al-Khayri 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2001,37(4):453-456
Summary This study was conducted to examine the effect of biotin and thiamine concentrations on callus growth and somatic embryogenesis
of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Embryogenic callus derived from offshoot tip explants was cultured on hormone-free MS medium containing biotin at 0,
0.1, 1, or 2 mg l−1 combined with thiamine at 0.1, 0.5, 2, or 5 mg l−1. Embryogenic callus weight, number of resultant embryos, and embryo length were significantly influenced by thiamine and
biotin concentration. The optimum callus growth treatment consisted of 0.5 mg l−1 thiamine and 2 mg l−1 biotin. This treatment also gave the highest number of embryos. Embryo elongation was greatest at 0.5 or 2 mg l−1 thiamine combined with 1 mg l−1 biotin. Embryos from all treatments germinated and regenerants exhibited normal growth in soil. This study provides an insight
into the importance of optimizing various culture medium components to overcome in vitro recalcitrace of date palm. 相似文献
9.
Mei-Chun Lu 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2004,78(1):93-96
High frequency plant regeneration was induced from protocorm-derived callus cultured on half-strength of Murashige—Skoog medium
with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D, 0–5 mg l−1) and 1-phenyl-3-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl, 0–1 mg l−1) urea (TDZ) in the dark. Twelve totipotent callus lines were selected within 76 callus lines regenerated on half-strength
of Murashige—Skoog (MS) medium with 0.5 mg l−1 TDZ. The proliferation rate was 4–5-fold in fresh weight after 30 days of culture on half-strength MS medium containing 5
mg l−1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg l−1 TDZ in the dark. The maximum number of shoot buds generated by 0.01 g callus explant was 134 after 4 months of culture. These
calli were regenerated to plantlets via protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) after 75–150 days of culture. The shoots, with two true
leaves, were transferred to hormone-free medium, rooting and eventually formed plantlets. Totipotent callus lines of Pleione formosana Hayata have been successfully established in this study. 相似文献
10.
Pellegrineschi Alessandro Brito Rosa Maria McLean Scott Hoisington David 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2004,77(3):245-250
Optimal callus induction and plant regeneration were obtained in bread and durum wheat by manipulating the NaCl concentration in the induction medium. Immature embryos from a high regeneration line of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), 'MPB-Bobwhite 26', and an elite durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum L.), 'Mexicali', were cultured in E3 induction medium consisting of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, 2.5 mg l–1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2% sucrose and 0.9% Bacto agar. The treated embryos were transferred to E3 liquid medium supplemented with various levels of 2,4-D and NaCl. Incubation on medium containing 2.5 mg l–1 2,4-D for 45 days produced callus and plant regeneration in 'MPB-Bobwhite 26', but lower callus yield and plant regeneration in 'Mexicali', indicating that 2,4-D alone was not sufficient for callus induction and plant regeneration in this durum variety. Callus yield and regeneration frequencies were higher in 'Mexicali' embryos that were incubated in media containing 2 mg l–1 2,4-D and 2 mg l–1 NaCl. The presence of NaCl in the medium beyond the initiation phase was detrimental to plant regeneration. The use of NaCl in the callus formation could form the basis for improved transformation of durum wheat varieties. 相似文献
11.
Yaser Hassan Dewir Nisha Singh Shakira Shaik Ashley Nicholas 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2010,46(1):41-46
The present study reports a simple protocol for indirect shoot organogenesis and plant regeneration of Sutherlandia using rachis and stem segments. Different concentrations (0.0–68.08 μmol l−1) of thidiazuron (TDZ) were used for callus induction and shoot organogenesis. The highest percentage of callus formation
(97.5%) and the highest percentage of explants forming shoots (88.8%) were obtained from rachis explants cultured onto Murashige
and Skoog (MS) medium (Murashige and Skoog, Physiol. Plant. 15:473–495, 1962) supplemented with 45.41 μmol l−1 TDZ. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated the early development of adventitious shoots derived from callus cultures.
Shoot clusters were further developed and grown in MS hormone-free medium. The presence of l-canavanine was determined by thin-layer chromatography and confirmed after column fractionation using silica gel and nuclear
magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Individual shoots were rooted on different concentrations and combinations of MS salt strength
and IBA. Half-strength MS salt medium supplemented with 24.6 μmol l−1 IBA was optimal for root induction in which 78% of shoots were rooted. The in vitro plants were successfully acclimatized in a growth chamber with a 90% survival rate. 相似文献
12.
A genetic transformation system has been developed for callus cells of Crataegus
aronia using Agrobacterium
tumefaciens. Callus culture was established from internodal stem segments incubated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with
5 mg l−1 Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 0.5 mg l−1 6-benzyladenine (BA). In order to optimize the callus culture system with respect to callus growth and coloration, different
types and concentrations of plant growth regulators were tested. Results indicated that the best average fresh weight of red
colored callus was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg l−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1.5 mg l−1 kinetin (Kin) (callus maintenance medium). Callus cells were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium harboring the binary plasmid pCAMBIA1302 carrying the mgfp5 and hygromycin phosphotransferase (hptII) genes conferring green fluorescent protein (GFP) activity and hygromycin resistance, respectively. Putative transgenic calli
were obtained 4 weeks after incubation of the co-cultivated explants onto maintenance medium supplemented with 50 mg l−1 hygromycin. Molecular analysis confirmed the integration of the transgenes in transformed callus. To our knowledge, this
is the first time to report an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system in Crataegus
aronia. 相似文献
13.
Margarita Velcheva Zehava Faltin Aliza Vardi Uri Hanania Yuval Eshdat Oded Dgani Nachman Sahar Avihai Perl 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2010,46(6):477-484
A system for genetic transformation and subsequent plant regeneration via indirect organogenesis from callus was developed
for Aloe vera. Young seedlings served as primary explants. Callus cultures were established on Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium supplemented
with 3 mg l−1 benzylaminopurine and 2 mg l−1 indole acetic acid. A protocol was developed to switch from the differentiated stage, using in vitro shoots or young regenerated plants, back to the de-differentiated stage of the callus and vice versa. Long-term maintenance
of this callus paved the way for genetic manipulation of Aloe vera. Calluses were bombarded with a plasmid containing uidA and hpt genes, both under the control of the 35S promoter. Dithiothreitol and gibberellic acid were found to play a major role in
reducing tissue necrosis following bombardment. Transformed shoots were regenerated under stepwise selection in hygromycin-containing
liquid medium supplemented with different antioxidants. Amberlite XAD-4 resin was embedded into alginate beads and added to
the selection medium. Amberlite was best for adsorbing different phenolic compounds and blocking explant necrosis. Shoot initiation
occurred after transfer of the transformed cells to Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2.0 mg l−1 thidiazuron and 0.1 mg l−1 indole butyric acid. Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 1 mg l−1 zeatin riboside promoted shoot elongation. Rooting and plant development were obtained on Murashige and Skoog basal medium
supplemented with 15 mg l−1 hygromycin lacking growth regulators. The transgenic nature of the regenerated plants was verified by histochemical GUS assay
and Southern blot hybridization. 相似文献
14.
Salinity adaptation of plasma membrane H+-ATPase in the salt marsh plant Spartina patens: ATP hydrolysis and enzyme kinetics 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Spartina patens, an intertidal C4 grass, grows in the
upper salt marsh and tolerates coastal seawater salinity. The regulation of
ion movement across the plasma membrane (PM) for plant salt tolerance is
thought to be achieved by an electrochemical gradient generated by plasma
membrane H+-ATPase. In this study, the change of PM
H+-ATPase in response to NaCl was characterized for
S. patens callus. Callus was cultured for 10 weeks
under salinity levels of 0 mM, 170 mM, 340 mM, and 510 mM NaCl. Plasma
membrane was isolated from a Dextran/PEG aqueous polymer two-phase system
and the purity was demonstrated with membrane enzyme markers. There was a
significant increase (up to 2-3 fold) of PM
H+-ATPase activity when callus was grown on media
containing NaCl. The incremental activation of PM
H+-ATPase activity would enable the cell to tolerate
higher cytoplasmic NaCl concentrations. PM H+-ATPase
appeared to have a higher Vmax and a lower substrate
concentration (Km to reach Vmax.
When growth medium salinity increased from 0 mM to 170 and 340 mM, the
Vmax of H+-ATPase increased
from 0.64 to 1.00 and 1.73, respectively, while the Km
decreased from 3.58 to 2.07 and 2.44 mM, respectively. In
vitro NaCl inhibition kinetic data revealed a pattern of
non-competitive inhibition by NaCl on PM H+-ATPase.
The response of PM H+-ATPase in S.
patens callus suggests that this species has evolved mechanisms
that can regulate this important enzyme when cells are exposed to
NaCl. 相似文献
15.
An in vitro protocol for efficient plant regeneration has been developed from mature embryo explants of highland barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum Hk. f.) under endosperm-supported culture. Embryos with (endosperm-supported culture, ES) or without endosperm
(non-endosperm-supported culture, NES) were excised from mature seeds and cultured on MS medium supplemented with various
concentrations of 2,4-D (1–5 mg l−1) for callus induction. The percentage of callus induction from ES explants was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that from NES. The highest frequency (97.6%) of callus induction was obtained from NES explants on MS
medium containing 3 mg l−1 2,4-D. When the primary calli were maintained at a reduced concentration of 2,4-D (0.5 mg l−1) for 3 weeks, embryogenic calli were formed. The embryogenic calli were then transferred to MS medium supplemented with different
concentrations of BA (1–5 mg l−1) and 500 mg l−1 casein hydrolysate (CH) for shoot regeneration. However, the capacity of plant regeneration from ES explant-derived calli
was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that from NES. The best response (81.3%) was observed from ES explant-derived calli on MS medium containing
2 mg l−1 BA. Regenerated plantlets with well-developed root systems were transferred to pots where they grew well, attained maturity
and produced fertile seeds. This method could be employed for genetic manipulation studies. 相似文献
16.
Summary Growth and physiological responses of date palm. Phoenix dactylifera L. cv. Barhee, callus to salinity stress were examined.
Callus induced from shoot tips of offshoots was cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with NaCl at concentrations
ranging from 0 to 225 mM, in consective increments of 25 mM. Data obtained after 6 wk of exposure to salt have shown a significant
increase in callus proliferation in response to 25 mM NaCl the lowest level tested, beyond which callus weight decreased.
At 125 mM NaCl and higher, callus growth was nearly completely inhibited. Physiological studies on callus exposed to salt
stress have shown an increase in proline accumulation in response to increased salinity. Proline accumulation was correlated
to callus growth inhibition. Furthermore, increasing the concentration of NaCl in the culture medium generally resulted in
a steady increase in Na+ and reduction in K+ concentrations. However, at 25 mM NaCl, the only level at which callus growth was significantly enhanced, an increase in
K+ content was noted, in comparison to the NaCl free control. In response to increasing external NaCl level, the Na+/K+ ratio increased The Na+/K+ ratio was positively correlated to proline accumulation and hence callus growth inhibition. This study provides, an understanding
of the response of date palm callus to salinity, which is important for future studies aimed at developing strategies for
selecting and characterizing somaclonal variants tolerant to salt stress. 相似文献
17.
S. Pattnaik C. Pradhan S. K. Naik P. K. Chand 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2000,36(5):407-411
Summary A complete and efficient protocol is presented for plant regeneration from cell-suspension cultures of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb., an economically important leguminous tree. Factors influencing callus initiation, establishment of cell-suspension
culture, callus formation from embredded microcolonies, and shoot organogenesis from suspension-derived callus were identified.
Of the two different auxins tested, callus induction was better on a medium containing naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The
percentage of callus induction increased considerably when NAA at 2.0 mg l−1 (10.8 μM) was added in conjunction with 0.5 mg l−1 (2.2 μM) N6-benzyladenine (BA). Of the three different explants evaluated for callus induction, hypocotyl segments were most responsive.
Friable hypocotyl-derived callus from the second subculture passage was used to initiate the cell-suspension culture. Optimum
growth of the cell suspension was observed in MS medium supplemented with the same growth regulators as described above for
callus induction, with an initial inoculum cell density of 1%. The plating efficiency of the microcolonies was greatly influenced
by harvesting time and the gelling agent used for plating. Efficiency was highest (93%) with cells harvested at their exponential
growth phase and plated in 1.2 g l−1 Phytagel. Shoot organogenesis from callus cultures was higher on a medium supplemented with a combination of BA and NAA than
on BA alone. Seventy-one per cent of cultures exhibited shoot-bud differentiation on a medium containing 3.0 mg l−1 (13.3 μM) BA and 0.5 mg l−1 (2.7 μM) NAA. Regenerated shoots were rooted on half-strength MS medium containing 1 mg l−1 each of indole-3-acetic acid (5.7 μM), indole-3-butyric acid (4.9 μM) and indole-3-propionic acid (5.3 μM). Plantlets were acclimated and established in soil. 相似文献
18.
A. Śliwińska O. Olszowska M. Furmanowa A. Nosov 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2008,44(2):69-77
Efficient plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis was achieved in Polyscias filicifolia. Embryogenic calluses were induced on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1.0 mg l−1 benzylaminopurine (BAP; type I callus) and on MS medium with 2.0 mg l−1 2,4-D and 0.01 mg l−1 kinetin (type II callus) from leaf explants of a 2-yr-old plant. Primary somatic embryos (PSEs) developed after four passages
of suspension culture established from embryogenic callus when cultured in liquid half-strength MS medium (1/2 MS) without
growth regulators. PSEs in the cotyledonary stage were multiplied by adventitious embryogenesis. Single secondary somatic
embryos (SSEs) or their clusters developed at the base of PSE hypocotyls and regenerated into plantlets in a one-step process
on plant growth regulator-free 1/2 MS medium. Low sucrose concentration of 15 g l−1 promoted development of normal SSEs. All SSEs regenerated into single, well-rooted plantlets on a Nitsch and Nitsch medium
supplemented with 0.5 mg l−1 kinetin, 0.1 mg l−1 indole-3-butyric acid, and 10 mg l−1 adenine sulfate. Subsequent two subculture cycles on the same medium were necessary to obtain plantlets sufficiency developed
to allow successful transfer to the soil. Rooted plantlets were established in a peat mixture with 90% survival, with the
plants showing normal morphological characteristics. 相似文献
19.
Slama I Ghnaya T Messedi D Hessini K Labidi N Savoure A Abdelly C 《Journal of plant research》2007,120(2):291-299
Sesuvium portulacastrum is a halophytic species well adapted to salinity and drought. In order to evaluate the physiological impact of salt on water
deficit-induced stress response, we cultivated seedlings for 12 days, in the presence or absence of 100 mmol l−1 NaCl, on a nutrient solution containing either 0 mmol l−1 or 25 mmol l−1 mannitol. Mannitol-induced water stress reduced growth, increased the root/shoot ratio, and led to a significant decrease
in water potential and leaf relative water content, whereas leaf Na+ and K+ concentrations remained unchanged. The addition of 100 mmol l−1 NaCl to 25 mmol l−1 mannitol-containing medium mitigated the deleterious impact of water stress on growth of S. portulacastrum, improved the relative water content, induced a significant decrease in leaf water potential and, concomitantly, resulted
in enhancement of overall plant photosynthetic activity (i.e. CO2 net assimilation rate, stomatal conductance). Presence of NaCl in the culture medium, together with mannitol, significantly
increased the level of Na+ and proline in the leaves, but it had no effect on leaf soluble sugar content. These findings suggest that the ability of
NaCl to improve plant performance under mannitol-induced water stress may be due to its effect on osmotic adjustment through
Na+ and proline accumulation, which is coupled with an improvement in photosynthetic activity. A striking recovery in relative
water content and growth of the seedlings was also recorded in the presence of NaCl on release of the water stress induced
by mannitol. 相似文献
20.
Vishwanath M. Patil 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1998,34(3):240-243
Summary The purpose of this study was to developin vitro techniques for conserving wild and endemic species ofCeropegia by mass multiplication for subsequent reintroduction in their natural habitat. Micropropagation involving a combination of
axillary bud culture, shoot multiplication, somatic embryogenesis andin vitro tuber formation forCeropegia jainii, a rare plant of the Indian sub continent,C. bulbosa var.bulbosa andC. bulbosa var.lushii, common species, was developed. Nodal explants from all species were cultured on 0.5 MS medium with 8.8 μM (2 mg·l−1) N6-benzyl aminopurine (BA) to regenerate the axillary buds. These produced multiple shoots when transferred to multiplication
medium consisting of 0.5 MS medium with 2.2 μM (0.5 mg·l−1) BA, or microtubers when transferred to 0.5 MS medium with 22.2 μM (5 mg·l−1) BA and 23.2 μM (5 mg·l−1) kinetin.In vitro flowering occurred inC. jainii and not in the other two varieties when the plants were cultured on multiplication media with spermine at 0.25 μM (50 μg·l−1) as an additive. Shoot pieces produced callus on MS medium with 9.05 μM (2 mg·l−1) 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid. Regeneration of the calli by somatic embryogenesis was achieved when they were transferred
to 0.5 MS medium with 2.2 μM (0.5 mg·l−1) BA. Rooting of the shoots was possible both byin vitro andex vitro means. 相似文献