长穗颈水稻的内源GA1、IAA和ABA含量变化

分别以携有长穗颈基因eui1、eui2和野生型基因Eui的协青早不育系和保持系6个水稻品种为材料,测定它们在抽穗始期植株中内源GA1、IAA和ABA含量的变化。结果表明,携有eui1和eui2基因的水稻可以在植株体内产生大量内源GA1,携有eui1基因的GA1含量比携有eui2基因的高。携有eui1基因的ABA含量最高,携有eui2基因的其次,而携有Eui基因的最低。IAA含量也表现出同样的趋势。表明长穗颈基因主要是通过调节内源GA1含量促进水稻最上节间的剧烈伸长。     

水稻长穗颈基因eui紧密连锁SSR标记获得

02428h是从半矮秆材料02428体细胞培养后代中发现的隐性高秆突变体, 其株高性状由1对长穗颈基因eui和1对半矮秆基因sd-1共同控制。以02428h与半矮秆材料南京11杂交的F₂为作图群体, 利用Gramene公布的SSR标记和根据NCBI中的BAC序列自己新开发的SSR标记, 将eui基因定位在第5染色体上的RM3673和RM0012之间, 两侧遗传距离分别为0.3 cM和1.0 cM, 为该基因的分子标记辅助选择奠定了基础。     

水稻高秆隐性恢复系(eR系)的特征特性及其在育种上的应用

高秆隐性恢复系(eR系)同原恢复系(R系)相比,分蘖力下降、生育期缩短,株高、穗颈、叶片长、倒一节间和倒二节间都显增长,使得eR系在制种时不必施用赤霉素。利用eR系组配的e-杂交稻同其不舍eui基因的原杂交稻相比,只有一个eui隐性单基因的差异,使e-杂交稻的株叶形态和构成产量因素同原杂交稻十分相似,且具有千粒重增大以及植株速生、快长、早熟等特点,使利用eR系组配的e-杂交稻具有一定增产潜力。     

高秆隐性e杂交水稻研究进展

本文综述利用eui基因来提高杂交水稻制种产量的设想与实践,以及通过直接辐射诱变方法育成高秆隐性恢复系和长穗颈不育系,继而育成e杂交水稻组合等方面的研究进展,提出了今后e杂交水稻的研究方向.     

温敏核不育系培矮64S及其eui突变体长选3S最上节间蛋白质组差异分析

为从蛋白质表达水平了解长穗颈温敏核不育水稻(Oryza sativa)最上节间伸长机理,采用双向凝胶电泳方法对温敏核不育系培矮64S及其eui突变体长选3S抽穗前2 d的最上节间蛋白质进行了分离,并获得了分辨率和重复性较好的双向凝胶电泳图谱。选取50个差异蛋白质点进行MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS肽质谱指纹图谱分析,从中鉴定出31个已知蛋白质,相对于培矮64S,在长选3S中上调表达的11个蛋白质和下调表达的20个蛋白质。这些差异蛋白质按照其功能可分为7类。这些差异蛋白质可能与长选3S抽穗期最上节间剧烈伸长生长有关,水稻eui基因可能是通过调节抽穗期最上节间这些蛋白质的表达,从而控制最上节间细胞分裂,尤其是细胞的伸长生长。     

具广亲和性的水稻隐性高秆细胞突变体

０２４２８ｈ系粳稻隐性高秆细胞突变体。来源于半矮秆广亲和种质０２４２８体细胞无性系变异。在１０３个Ｒ２代株系中,有１株系在抽穗后分离出高、矮秆两种类型,高秆比矮秆高６１．４％,系因例一和倒二节间伸长所致,以倒一节间伸长最为明显,占增长的６６．３％。在Ｒ３、Ｒ４代中矮秆类型继续分离出高秆和矮秆两在型,分离比为３：１,高秆类型未见分离。显示所分离的高秆是供体亲本０２４２８的单基因突变。暂名为０２４２８     

大鼠FMR1同源基因cDNA的克隆、测序与选择剪接的初步分析

应用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法,从新生大鼠脑组织总ＲＮＡ扩增大鼠ＦＭＲ１同源基因的ｃＤＮＡ片段,克降至ｐＵＣ１８质粒中进行序列分析．获得从终止密码子起共１６８１ｂｐ的编码序列,尚缺少约２００ｂｐ的５′序列．所克隆的这部分大鼠ＦＭＲ１ｃＤＮＡ,不含有对应于人ＦＭＲ１基因的外显子１２及外显子１７第一和第三剪接受点之间的序列,提示大鼠ＦＭＲ１基因也有选择剪接表达．同源性分析显示,大鼠ＦＭＲ１与小鼠ＦＭＲ１基因的同源性为９７．７％,与人ＦＭＲ１基因的同源性为９４．９％;与小鼠ＦＭＲＰ（ＦＭＲ１蛋白）的氨基酸序列同源性为９８．４％,与人ＦＭＲＰ的氨基酸序列同源性为９７．９％．以大鼠ＦＭＲ１ｃＤＮＡ片段为探针检测到大鼠不同组织中ＦＭＲ１基因的选择剪接表达．上述结果为以大鼠为动物模型深入研究ＦＭＲ１基因功能奠定了基础．     

温度对温敏核不育水稻eui突变体最上节间伸长的影响

以培矮64S为对照, 采用田间调查和人工温度处理方法研究了温度对温敏核不育水稻（Oryza sativa）eui突变体（双低培eS）最上节间伸长的影响。结果表明, 双低培eS穗颈伸出度与抽穗前12–17天（花粉母细胞形成期至减数分裂期）的日均温度呈显著负相关。在温度敏感期分别进行人工温度处理, 在18–26℃条件下穗颈伸出度为正值且不包颈; 在28℃条件下出现包颈现象。在可育温度（20℃）和不育温度（24℃）条件下, 双低培eS最上节间中GA1、IAA和ZR含量极显著地高于培矮64S, 而ABA含量则显著低于培矮64S, 最上节间中最内层薄壁细胞数目分别比培矮64S多1 177和823个, 细胞平均长度分别比培矮64S长23.2和16.7 μm。温敏核不育水稻eui突变体最上节间伸长是由于节间最内层薄壁细胞数目增多和细胞长度增加双重作用所致, 其中以细胞伸长为主, 且随着处理温度的升高, 最上节间最内层薄壁细胞数目减少, 细胞平均长度变短。eui基因还可能通过调节激素间的平衡来控制温敏核不育水稻eui突变体最上节间的伸长生长。     

水稻长穗颈eui突变体长选3S最上节间基因差异表达研究

利用水稻全基因组芯片和半定量PCR对水稻长穗颈eui突变体长选3S与对照培矮64S最上节间快速伸长期的基因差异表达分析,在检测到的56 983芯片杂交点只发现527个差异表达转录本,其中上调表达的362个,下调表达的165个.生物信息分析发现,差异表达的转录本包括信号传导相关基因、膜及运输基因、细胞生长与凋亡相关基因、复制与修复相关基因、碳代谢相关基因,次生代谢物合成相关基因和其它功能未知基因.研究结果为了解水稻最上节间伸长机制提供了非常有用的信息.     

马铃薯HMGR基因的克隆,序列分析及其表达特征

采用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术,从马铃薯（Ｓｏｌａｎｕｍ ｔｕｂｅｒｏｓｕｍ Ｌ．）幼叶中克隆了一个约１．０ｋｂ的ｃＤＮＡ片段,序列分析结果表明,该ｃＤＮＡ与忆报道的马铃薯ＨＭＧＲ基因家族的三种类型基因具有较高核酸序列同源性,与ＨＭＧＲⅠ基因同源性为７７．０％,ＨＭＧＲⅡ基因为９３．２％,ＨＭＧＲⅢ基因为７７．１％。其中３’端非翻译区序列与ＨＭＧＲⅠ、ＨＭＧＲⅡ、ＨＭＧＲⅢ三种基因同源性分别为５０．２％,８     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

（鱼句）亚科花（鱼骨）型鱼类骨骼系统的比较

对我国花型Hemibarbuspattern鱼类作了骨骼系统比较,结果表明,此类型鱼类脑颅较长,副蝶骨平直或稍弯曲,眶蝶骨腹纵嵴发达(铜鱼Coreius septentrionalis例外),下颞窝和咽突中等大,基枕骨后突发达;脑颅中的上筛骨的后突、侧筛骨的外筛突,蝶耳骨的外突、上耳骨的后突、围眶骨和后颞窝等均有明显的差异;咽颅中的舌颌骨、尾舌骨、鳃盖骨和下咽齿的列数等又有显著的区别;附肢骨骼中的腰带骨、脊椎骨中的复合神经骨和第4椎骨腹侧的悬器等也有不同之处。据此,这些差异和区别可作为属间或种间的分类依据。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.