首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
目前GenBank数据库共收录167种直翅目昆虫全线粒体基因组序列,涉及蝗亚目9个总科22个科99个物种,螽亚目7个总科12个科68个物种。在此基础上,该文分析了直翅目昆虫线粒体基因组的基本特征,概述了线粒体全基因组在直翅目昆虫系统发育研究上的应用;同时基于线粒体全基因组序列重建了直翅目昆虫的系统发育关系。主要结果如下:(1)直翅目昆虫存在8种线粒体基因组排列类型,其中trnK-trnD重排现象仅发生在蝗总科中,trnN-trnS-trnE重排现象仅发生在蟋蟀总科中,trnM-trnI-(-trnQ)重排现象仅发生在拟叶蟲亚科中;(2)直翅目昆虫全线粒体基因组的碱基组成具有明显的AT偏向性;(3)不同的蛋白质编码基因在直翅目昆虫中的进化速率不同;(4)支持直翅目以及螽亚目和蝗亚目的单系性;(5)不支持沙螽总科单系性;(6)支持蝗亚目各总科阶元的单系性,且各总科间的系统发育关系为:(蚤蝼总科+(蚱总科+(?蜢总科+(蜢总科+(长角蝗总科+(牛蝗总科+叶翅蝗总科)+(锥头蝗总科+蝗总科))))))。  相似文献   

2.
基于78种直翅目昆虫的18S rRNA基因全序列构建了直翅目各主要类群间的系统发育关系。本研究的结果支持直翅目的单系性,但不支持蝗亚目和螽亚目各自的单系性;直翅目下除蜢总科和蝗总科外各总科的划分多数与Otte系统相一致;蜢总科的单系性得不到支持;蝗总科的剑角蝗科、斑腿蝗科、斑翅蝗科、网翅蝗科和槌角蝗科5科均不是单系群,各物种间的遗传距离差异不大,应合并为一科,即蝗科;本研究支持将Otte系统中蚱总科和螽蟖总科下各亚科级阶元提升为科级阶元;18S rRNA基因全序列可以作为划分科级阶元的工具,当位于同一分支上互成姐妹群的类群间的遗传距离超过1%时,这几个类群属于不同的科;但由于其在进化上的保守性,18S rRNA基因只能用于纲目等高级阶元间关系的研究,而由其获得的总科以下阶元间的关系并不可靠。  相似文献   

3.
已经测定的昆虫线粒体基因组中, 直翅目草螽亚科的疑钩额螽Ruspolia dubia线粒体控制区长度最短, 仅70 bp。为此, 本研究采用L-PCR结合二次PCR扩增策略对另一种草螽亚科昆虫斑翅草螽Conocephalus maculates线粒体基因组序列进行了测定。序列注释发现: 斑翅草螽线粒体基因组序列全长15 898 bp, A+T含量为72.05%, 基因排列与典型的节肢动物线粒体基因组一致。全部蛋白质编码基因以典型的ATN作为起始密码子, 9个蛋白质编码基因具有完整的终止密码子, 其余4个以不完整的T作为终止信号。除trnSAGN外, 其余21个tRNAs均可折叠形成典型的三叶草结构, 依照Steinberg等(1997)线粒体特殊tRNA结构类型-9, trnSAGN的DHU臂形成一个7 nt环, 反密码子臂则长达9 bp, 含1个突起碱基, 而不是正常的5 bp。斑翅草螽与其他直翅目昆虫线粒体基因组的主要区别在于, 在trnSUCN和nad1, nad1和trnLCUN基因间各存在一段罕见的、大段的基因间隔序列, 长度分别为78 bp和360 bp。其中, 位于nad1和trnLCUN之间的基因间隔序列N链可形成一个包含完整起始、终止密码子(ATT/TAA)、编码103个氨基酸的未知开放阅读框。同义密码子使用偏好与线粒体基因组编码的tRNA反密码子匹配情况无关, 但与密码子第3位点的碱基组成紧密相关; 相对密码子使用频率(relative synonymous codon usage, RSCU)大于1的密码子, 其第3位点全部是A或T。在已经测定的直翅目昆虫线粒体基因组tRNAs中, 均存在一定数量的碱基错配, 且以G-U弱配对为主, 表明G-U配对在线粒体基因组中可能是一种正常的碱基配对形式。本研究测定的斑翅草螽线粒体基因组序列, 和先前已经测定的直翅目线粒体基因组序列一起, 可以为重建直翅目的进化历史提供数据资源。  相似文献   

4.
黄脸油葫芦线粒体基因组:一种新的基因排列方式   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用长距PCR扩增及保守引物步移法测定并注释了黄脸油葫芦(Teleogryllus emma)线粒体基因组全序列。结果表明,黄脸油葫芦的线粒体基因组全长15 660 bp,A+T含量为73.1%。谷氨酸、色氨酸及天冬酰胺的转运RNA基因由N链编码,形成了直翅目中的第三种基因排列顺序,其余结构与其它螽亚目昆虫的线粒体结构一致。基因间隔序列共计73 bp,间隔长度从1—24 bp不等;有14对基因间存在共54 bp重叠,重叠碱基数在1—11 bp之间。13个蛋白质编码基因中12个基因(除COⅠ基因外)的起始密码为标准的ATN组成,COI基因的起始密码子为TTA。有10个基因在基因3'端能找到完全的TAA或TAG终止密码子,而有三个基因(COII,ND5和ND4)终止密码子为不完整的T。除tRNASer(AGN)外,其余21个tRNA基因的二级结构均属典型的三叶草结构。黄脸油葫芦940bp的A+T富集区中存在一个被认为与复制起始有关的保守的二级结构,该结构不仅存在于直翅目昆虫中,而且也存在于双翅目、鳞翅目和膜翅目中,但是未见于昆虫纲的早期分化类群——弹尾目中。  相似文献   

5.
云斑车蝗线粒体基因组全序列测定与分析   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
党江鹏  刘念  叶伟  黄原 《昆虫学报》2008,51(7):671-680
采用长距 PCR 扩增及保守引物步移法并结合克隆测序测定并注释了云斑车蝗 Gastrimargus marmoratus (Thunberg)的线粒体基因组全序列。结果表明:云斑车蝗线粒体基因组全序列为15 904 bp(GenBank登录号为EU527334),A+T含量略高于非洲飞蝗Locusta migratoria,为76.04%,包括13个蛋白质编码基因,22个tRNA 基因,2个rRNA基因和一段1 057 bp的A+T富集区。蛋白质基因的起始密码子中,除COⅠ和ND5为TTG以外,均为昆虫典型的起始密码子ATN。ND5基因使用了不完全终止密码子T,其余基因均为典型的TAA或TAG。预测了22个tRNA基因的二级结构,发现tRNASer(AGN)缺少DHU臂, tRNASer(UGY)的反密码子环上有9个碱基。预测了云斑车蝗12S和16S rRNA二级结构,分别包括3个结构域30个茎环和6个结构域44个茎环。A+T富集区含有3个串联重复序列。  相似文献   

6.
本研究采用第二代测序技术对四川华绿螽的基因组进行测序,并组装得到了完整的线粒体基因组序列。结果显示:四川华绿螽线粒体基因组序列全长18 051 bp,包含37个基因和1个控制区。与大部分已测序的螽亚目昆虫类似,四川华绿螽线粒体基因组具有通常的基因方向、t RNA结构、相对较低的A+T偏好性。但其基因排列与祖先序列明显不同,具有新的基因排序12S r RNA-t RNA~(Ile)-t RNA~(Met)-nad2-CR-t RNA~(Gln)-t RNA~(Trp)。控制区较长,为3 074 bp,由两部分组成,一部分是与nad2相邻的高A+T偏向性区域(A+T-biased region,ATR),另一部分是与t RNA~(Gln)相邻的串联重复(tandem repeat,TR)区。另外,在t RNA~(Ser(UCN))和nad1之间也有一段长度为123 bp的串联重复序列。基于已测序的线粒体基因组序列,我们对直翅目昆虫线粒体基因组的结构和排序进行了比较分析。本研究为直翅目系统发生关系重建积累了有价值的数据资料。  相似文献   

7.
中华雏蝗(Chorthippus chinensis Tarb)线粒体基因组分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用Lon-PCR扩增线粒体全基因组和保守引物步移法结合克隆方法测定并拼接获得了中华雏蝗(Chorthippus chinensis Tarb)线粒体基因组全序列.序列的注释和分析结果表 明,中华雏蝗线粒体基因组序列全长15 599 bp,共有13个编码蛋白质基因、22个tRNA基因、2个rRNA基因和1个A+T富集区.基因顺序与非洲飞蝗(Locusta migratoria)相同,也发生了2个 tRNA Asp(D)和tRNALys(K)的倒置.13个编码蛋白质基因都使用了ATN作为起始密码子.除ND1以TAG和ND5的终止密码子为不完全的T外,其余11个编码蛋白质基因的终止密码子都为完整的TAA.6种直翅类昆虫13个蛋白质的氨基酸序列的联合数据集构建的系统树与形态分类系统一致,中华雏蝗与非洲飞蝗为姐妹群,并与东方蝼蛄构成一单系群.  相似文献   

8.
白洁  黄原 《动物学杂志》2012,47(4):1-10
测定了39种直翅目昆虫线粒体ND2基因全长序列,联合GenBank中41种直翅目昆虫的ND2基因序列,探讨ND2基因在解决直翅目系统发育分析上的功效,为建立直翅目的主要类群之间稳定的系统发育关系提供更多的数据。研究结果表明,直翅目昆虫的ND2基因序列全长为996~1 029 bp,平均长度为1 020 bp,A+T含量平均为73%。用贝叶斯法(Bayesian,BI)、最简约法(maximum parsimony,MP)和最大似然法(maximum likelihood,ML)构建系统树,SH检验显示,RAxML法构建的ML树似然值最大,与PAUP*的ML法构建的ML树差异显著,而与贝叶斯树和简约树没有明显差异。所有系统树都显示直翅目为单系群;而蝗亚目的剑角蝗科、网翅蝗科、槌角蝗科和斑腿蝗科均不是单系群,锥头蝗科与瘤锥蝗科亲缘关系较近,这与Otte分类系统一致。螽亚目基本由两大分支构成,一支是蝼蛄总科和蟋蟀总科聚集而成,且具有很高的置信度;另一大分支由螽斯总科独自构成。  相似文献   

9.
Yang H  Huang Y 《动物学研究》2011,32(4):353-362
采用长距PCR扩增及保守引物步移法测定并注释了郑氏比蜢(Pielomastax zhengi)的线粒体基因组全序列。郑氏比蜢的线粒体基因组全长15602 bp,A+T含量为71.8%,37个基因位置与飞蝗的一致, 基因间隔序列共计10处47bp, 间隔长度从1~20bp不等; 有14对基因间存在52bp重叠, 重叠碱基数在1~8bp之间。蛋白质基因的起始密码子均为昆虫典型的起始密码子ATN。ND5基因使用了不完全终止密码子T,其余基因均为典型的TAA或TAG。除tRNASer(AGN)的DHU臂缺失外, 其余21个tRNA基因的二级结构均属典型的三叶草结构, 但在郑氏比蜢中有5个tRNA(tRNACys、tRNALys、 tRNAPhe、 tRNAPro tRNAArg)基因变异较大, 无法采用常规算法预测出来, 表现在这5个tRNA二级结构的TψC臂仅有3~4对配对碱基, tRNALys 和 tRNAArg的反密码臂仅有 4 对配对碱基。预测的lrRNA二级结构总共有6个结构域(结构域Ⅲ缺失), 44个茎环结构。预测的srRNA的二级结构包含3个结构域, 30个茎环结构。比较郑氏比蜢、西藏飞蝗(Locusta migratoria tibetensis)和疑钩额螽(Ruspolia dubia)rRNA二级结构后,发现郑氏比蜢与西藏飞蝗的更相似。A+T丰富区中存在一个被认为与复制及转录起始有关的Ploy(T)结构。  相似文献   

10.
本研究采用高通量测序技术对异刺草螽的基因组进行测序,并组装得到了完整的线粒体基因组序列。结果显示:异刺草螽线粒体基因组序列全长16 038 bp,包含13个蛋白质编码基因、22个t RNA基因、2个r RNA基因和1个控制区。异刺草螽线粒体基因组的总碱基组成如下:A为37.3%、C为15.4%、G为10.3%、T为36.9%,A+T含量较高,为74.2%。异刺草螽线粒体基因的排列与祖先序列相同,该线粒体基因组序列为直翅目螽斯科的系统发生和进化研究提供了重要的分子基础。  相似文献   

11.
The complete sequence (14 971 bp) of the Ruspolia dubia mitochondrial genome was determined and annotated. The genome contains the gene content, base composition, and codon usage typical of metazoan mitochondrial genomes. All 37 genes are conserved in the positions observed most frequently in insect mitochondrial genome structures. The secondary structures of both small subunit and large subunit rRNA were predicted. The most unusual features found were the initiation codon (TTA) of COI and a short A+T-rich region of 70 bp in length. In addition, a short, highly conserved polythymidine stretch that was previously described in Orthoptera and Diptera was also present in the A+T-rich region.  相似文献   

12.
Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is one of the most economically significant pests in the world. In this paper we present sequence data for the complete mitochondrial genome of L. trifolii. The circular genome is 16,141 bp long and contains one encoding region including 37 genes and one non-coding A+T-rich region. Gene numbers and organization is similar to that of the typical insect mitochondrial genomes except that two additional tRNA genes are found in the A+T-rich region (tRNAThr and tRNALeu(UUR)). All of the protein initiation codons are ATN, except ND1 which begins with GTG and COI which is initiated by the quadruplet ATCA. The 22 tRNA anticodons of L. trifolii match those observed in Drosophila yakuba, and all of tRNAs form the typical cloverleaf structure except for tRNASer(AGN), which has lost the DHU-arm. The A+T-rich region of L. trifolii also contains two previously noted Diperan features—a highly conserved polyT stretch and a (TA)n stretch.  相似文献   

13.
The complete mitochondrial genome sequence is determined for Paracymoriza prodigalis (Leech, 1889). The 15,326 bp circular molecule possesses a gene organization and order identical to other sequenced Pyraloidea mitochondrial genomes. All tRNAs have the typical clover-leaf structure except for tRNASer(AGN), which lacks the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm. The A+T-rich region of 343 bp includes the features common to the Lepidoptera, including the ‘ATAGA’ followed by an 19-bp poly-T stretch, but the tandem repeat sequences often appearing in available insects are not found. Phylogenetic relationships of eight subfamilies of 14 Pyraloidea species were constructed based on 13 PCGs of mitochondrial genomes using Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods. These phylogenies of the subfamilies within Pyraloidea accord well with morphological phylogenetic analysis except for the position of Schoenobiinae.  相似文献   

14.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Tonkinacris sinensis is 15,627 bp long and contains13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and one A + T-rich region. The gene order and orientation are identical to those of other Orthoptera species, containing the rearrangement of trnD and trnK. Intriguingly, a tRNASer-like gene exists on the N strand between the trnSUCN and nad1 genes. The length of this gene is 110 bp, and it has a typical clover-leaf structure, an anticodon, and a high cove score (23.49). On its clover-leaf structure, on the anticodon arm, there is a 41 bp intron with an unknown function. Here, phylogenetic analysis was conducted based on 13 PCGs of 30 species from 9 subfamilies of Acrididae to understand their phylogenetic relationships. According to the phylogenetic tree, the relationship among the 9 subfamilies within Acrididae was as follows: (Spathosterninae + (Oxyinae + (Catantopinae + (Calliptaminae + (Cyrtacanthacridinae + (Melanoplinae + (Gomphocerinae + (Oedipodinae + Acridinae)))))))).  相似文献   

15.
The 15,389-bp long complete mitogenome of the endangered red-spotted apollo butterfly, Parnassius bremeri (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) was determined in this study. The start codon for the COI gene in insects has been extensively discussed, and has long remained a matter of some controversy. Herein, we propose that the CGA (arginine) sequence functions as the start codon for the COI gene in lepidopteran insects, on the basis of complete mitogenome sequences of lepidopteran insects, including P. bremeri, as well as additional sequences of the COI start region from a diverse taxonomic range of lepidopteran species (a total of 53 species from 15 families). In our extensive search for a tRNA-like structure in the A+T-rich region, one tRNATrp-like sequence and one tRNALeu (UUR)-like sequence were detected in the P. bremeri A+T-rich region, and one or more tRNA-like structures were detected in the A+T-rich region of the majority of other sequenced lepidopteran insects, thereby indicating that such features occur frequently in the lepidopteran mitogenomes. Phylogenetic analysis using the concatenated 13 amino acid sequences and nucleotide sequences of PCGs of the four macrolepidopteran superfamilies together with the Tortricoidea and Pyraloidea resulted in the successful recovery of a monophyly of Papilionoidea and a monophyly of Bombycoidea. However, the Geometroidea were unexpectedly identified as a sister group of the Bombycoidea, rather than the Papilionoidea.  相似文献   

16.
《Genomics》2019,111(6):1266-1273
Mitochondrial genomes are widely used for phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses among arthropods, but there is a lack of sufficient mitochondrial genome sequence data for spiders. Herein, we sequenced and characterized the complete mitochondrial genome of a crab spider Ebrechtella tricuspidata (Araneae: Thomisidae). The circular mitochondrial genome is 14,352 bp long, including a standard set of 37 genes and an A + T-rich region. Nucleotide composition is highly biased toward A + T nucleotides (77.3%). A novel gene order rearrangement is detected by a tRNA (trnL1) translocation. Tandem repeats are not identified in the A + T-rich region. Most of the tRNAs are greatly reduced in size and cannot be folded into typical cloverleaf-shaped secondary structures. The phylogenetic analysis confirms that the mitochondrial genome sequences are useful in resolving higher-level relationship of Araneae. Overall, our data present in this study will elevate our knowledge on the architecture and evolution of spider mitochondrial genome.  相似文献   

17.
Yang F  Du YZ  Wang LP  Cao JM  Yu WW 《Gene》2011,485(1):7-15
The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Liriomyza sativae Blanchard (15,551 bp) was determined and analyzed in this study. The circular genome contained 37 genes including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and an A + T-rich region. The initiation codons of COI and ND1 were ‘ATCA’ and ‘GTG’, respectively. ND2 gene used the truncated termination codon ‘T’. All the tRNA genes had the typical cloverleaf secondary structures except for tRNASer(AGN) gene, which was found with the absence of a DHU arm. In addition, a tRNA-like secondary structure (tRNAMet) was found in the A + T-rich region. The great difference was that the length of L. sativae A + T-rich region was 597 bp shorter than that of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess). Meanwhile, some minor differences such as ‘TATA’ block were also observed in L. sativae in contrast to ‘TACA’ block in L. trifolii. There were also some essential structure elements such as ‘TATA’ block, ‘G(A)nT’ block, poly-T stretch and stem-and-loop structure in the A + T-rich region of L. sativae mitochondrial genome.  相似文献   

18.
Summary Restriction sites were compared in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecules from representatives of two closely related species of fruit flies: nine strains ofDrosophila teissieri and eight strains ofDrosophila yakuba. Nucleotide diversities amongD. teissieri strains and amongD. yakuba strains were 0.07% and 0.03%, respectively, and the nucleotide distance between the species was 0.22%. Also determined was the nucleotide sequence of a 2305-nucleotide pari (ntp) segment of the mtDNA molecule ofD. teissieri that contains the noncoding adenine+thymine (A+T)-rich region (1091 ntp) as well as the genes for the mitochondrial small-subunit rRNA, tRNAf-met, tRNAgln, and tRNAile, and portions of the ND2 and tRNAval genes. This sequence differs from the corresponding segment of theD. yakuba mtDNA by base substitutions at 0.1% and 0.8% of the positions in the coding and noncoding regions, respectively. The higher divergence due to base substitutions in the A+T-rich region is accompanied by a greater number of insertions/deletions than in the coding regions. From alignment of theD. teissieri A+T-rich sequence with those ofD. yakuba andDrosophila virilis, it appears that the 40% of this sequence that lies adjacent to the tRNAile gene has been highly conserved. Divergence between the entireD. teissieri andD. yakuba mtDNA molecules, estimated from the sequences, was 0.3%; this value is close to the value (0.22%) obtained from the restriction analysis, but 10 times lower than the value estimated from published DNA hybridization results. From consideration of the relationships of mitochondrial nucleotide distance and allozyme genetic distance found among seven species of theDrosophila melanogaster subgroup, the mitochondrial nucleotide distance observed forD. teissieri andD. yakuba is anomalously low in relation to the nuclear genetic distance.  相似文献   

19.
The complete mitochondrial genome 15,650 bp in size of the Deracantha onos has been determined. The gene content, base composition and codon usage of D. onos are coincident to typical hexapods mitochondrial genomes. Genes arrangement of D. onos is identical to Gryllotalpa orientalis, Ruspolia dubia and Anabrus simplex, in that the relative locations of tRNALys and tRNAAsp was different to that of Locusta migratoria. All tRNAs could be folded into the typical cloverleaf secondary structure, excluding tRNASer(AGN) which forms another structure according to the Steinberg–Cedergren tertiary structure. Sequence analysis of the A + T-rich region with Dot-plot did not find any conspicuous repeat clusters. Two poly-thymine (poly-T) nucleotide stretches of 20 bp and 11 bp in size, which may involved in the recognition of replication origin, were found on the H-strand and L-strand in the A + T-rich region of the D. onos mitogenome, respectively. One open reading frame (ORF) 87 amino acids in size was found on the H-strand, but Protein Blast searches analysis indicated that it was a nonfunctional ORF.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号