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1.
本文报道中枢去甲肾上腺素(NE)能下行系统的脊髓末梢以及脊髓内的α受体在吗啡镇痛机制中的作用。结果显示,皮下注射6mg/kg 吗啡可使脊髓中的 NE 代谢终产物3-甲氧基4-羟基苯乙二醇硫酸盐(MHPG·SO_4)含量升高,提示脊髓 NE 的更新加速;反复多次注射吗啡引起吗啡镇痛耐受的动物,该反应消失。脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射α受体阻断剂酚妥拉明可部分对抗全身注射小剂量吗啡的镇痛作用,选择性的α_1受体阻断剂哌唑嗪或α_2受体阻断剂育亨宾有类似作用。阻断脊髓α_1或α_2受体对脊髓蛛网膜下腔直接注射微量吗啡的镇痛作用无显著影响,以上结果表明,下行 NE 能系统在吗啡镇痛机制中具有重要作用。  相似文献   

2.
本工作进一步探索中脑导水管周围灰质(PAG)在吗啡镇痛与纳洛酮拮抗吗啡镇痛中的作用。实验在清醒受限制的大鼠上进行,以电刺激鼠尾出现的甩尾和嘶叫为痛反应指标。结果表明:(1)侧脑室注射微量纳洛酮后,可使电刺激 PAG 或注射微量吗啡于 PAG 所引起的镇痛效应受到明显拮抗;(2)损毀 PAG 或注射微量纳洛酮于 PAG 后,可使由侧脑室注入微量吗啡所引起的镇痛效应显著减弱。由此可见 PAG 既是侧脑室注射吗啡镇痛作用的重要中枢部位,又是侧脑室注射纳洛酮拮抗吗啡镇痛的重要中枢部位。  相似文献   

3.
大鼠脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射5-羟色胺和吗啡的镇痛作用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本工作利用大鼠脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射的方法,观察了在脊髓水平5-HT 和吗啡的镇痛作用及其相互关系。结果如下:(1)脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射 200μg 5-HT 或10μg吗啡可产生明显的镇痛作用,并分别被 5-HT受体阻断剂肉桂硫胺和阿片受体阻断剂纳洛酮所对抗。(2)单纯使用肉桂硫胺可产生痛敏。纳洛酮对痛阈无明显影响。(3)5-HT 镇痛作用不能被大剂量纳洛酮(10mg/kg,sc)阻断。吗啡镇痛作用则可被脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射肉桂硫胺所削弱。后一效应可能与肉桂硫胺本身可引起痛敏有关。上述结果表明,在脊髓水平5-HT 和吗啡可通过各自的受体产生镇痛作用,两者间无明显依赖关系。5-HT 可能有紧张性活动,内源性阿片肽似不存在紧张性作用。  相似文献   

4.
1.大景以辐射热甩尾法测痛。应用脊髓蛛网膜下腔,连续累加注射法观察药物的镇痛作用。脊髓蛛网膜下腔单独注射甲啡肽100nmol不能提高痛阈,但与吗啡或强啡肽A-(1—13)合用时,可明显加强后者的镇痛作用。 2.脊髓蛛网膜下腔单独注射强啡肽A-(—13)2.5nmol本身无镇痛作用,但与吗啡合用时,却能明显加强吗啡的镇痛作用。 3.本文对连续累加注射法的特点及三类阿片受体及其配基对痛觉的调制作用,进行了讨论。  相似文献   

5.
麻黄碱对小鼠输精管平滑肌的作用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
麻黄碱(2×10~(-4)-1.6×10~(-3)M)和去甲肾上腺素(6×10~(-7)-7.5×10~(-5)M)均能引起并增强离体小鼠输精管自发性收缩。酚妥拉明(10~(-6)M)可明显对抗麻黄碱的作用。小鼠经利血平处理后,输精管对去甲肾上腺素的反应有所增强,但不明显影响麻黄碱的作用。在半钙营养液(含CaCl_21.25mM)中,麻黄碱的作用明显减弱;在无钙溶液中作用完全消失。但去甲肾上腺素的作用在半钙营养液中不明显减弱;无钙溶液中仍有大部分标本对去甲肾上腺素产生微弱反应。钙道阻断剂戊脉安可明显减弱或取消麻黄碱兴奋小鼠输精管的作用,而对抗去甲肾上腺素的作用较弱。麻黃碱在较低浓度(5×10~(-7)-1.6×10~(-5)M)时,尚能抑制输精管对电场刺激所致收缩反应,这种抑制作用可被α_2受体对抗剂育亨宾(10~(-7)M)所对抗。降低营养液中钙离子浓度,可增强麻黄碱的抑制作用。高浓度麻黄碱完全抑制电场刺激所致收缩,而出现明显增强的自发收缩。以上表明,麻黄碱对小鼠输精管突触前膜α_2受体和突触后膜α_1受体都有激动作用。麻黄碱引起并增强输精管平滑肌收缩的作用,主要是其对突触后α_1真受体的直接作用,并需要有钙离子的参与。  相似文献   

6.
家兔伏核—杏仁核神经通路在吗啡镇痛中的作用   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
于龙川  韩济生 《生理学报》1990,42(3):277-283
用辐射热照射家兔鼻嘴侧部皮肤,测量其躲避反应潜伏期作为痛反应阈,简称痛阈。通过预先埋植的慢性套管向伏核或杏仁核内进行注射,结果表明:(1)在家兔的伏核内微量注射吗啡可产生镇痛作用,该作用可被杏仁核内注射纳洛酮所削弱,并有量效依从关系;在杏仁核内注射甲啡肽抗血清(ME AS)或β-內啡肽抗血清(β-EP AS)亦可削弱上述镇痛作用;(2)在杏仁核内微量注射吗啡可产生镇痛作用,此作用不能被伏核内注射纳洛酮所阻断;(3)在伏核内注射吗啡所产生的镇痛作用可被同一部位注射γ-氨基丁酸(GAEA)受体阻断剂氯甲基荷包牡丹碱所增强,被 GABA 受体激动剂异鹅羔胺所削弱。上述结果提示:在家兔脑内从伏核到杏仁核可能存在一条与镇痛有关的神经通路,伏核内的阿片样物质及杏仁核内的甲啡肽,β-内啡肽可能参与镇痛信息的传递,而伏核内的 GABA 可能有对抗吗啡镇痛的作用。  相似文献   

7.
钙离子对小鼠电针镇痛和吗啡镇痛影响的相似性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本工作以小鼠为对象研究了脑 Ca~(2 )水平与吗啡及电针镇痛的相互关系。脑室内注射杆菌肽和亮-脑啡肽能增强电针镇痛,后者可被腹腔注射 Ca~(2 )对抗。用多巴胺受体激动剂阿朴吗啡和拮抗剂氟派啶预处理并不改变 Ca~(2 )对电针镇痛的对抗作用,这表示脑内多巴胺类似不直接参与 Ca~(2 )对抗电针镇痛的作用。Ca~(2 )对抗电针镇痛和吗啡镇痛的时程十分相似。所有的结果表明,吗啡镇痛与电针镇痛的机理很可能是相同的。  相似文献   

8.
复方银杏胶囊镇痛作用及其机制的实验研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的:研究复方银杏胶囊的镇痛作用及其机制.方法:大鼠电刺激法测定痛阈;用试剂盒比色法测定脑组织中谷氨酸的含量;原子吸收光谱法测定脑组织中钙离子(Ca2 )浓度;免疫组织化学ABC法观察脑组织中N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸Ⅰ型受体(NMDAR1)的分布.结果:复方银杏胶囊350 mg/kg可显著提高大鼠电刺激嘶叫阈(P<0.05),700 mg/kg显著减少小鼠脑组织中谷氨酸的释放以及脑内钙离子浓度(P<0.05);复方银杏胶囊700 mg/kg、350 mg/kg可明显减少疼痛模型小鼠大脑皮层NMDAR1阳性细胞数(P<0.01,P<0.05).结论:复方银杏胶囊具有良好的镇痛效应,其镇痛作用可能与拮抗NMDA受体从而抑制脑组织中谷氨酸的释放及钙离子内流有关.  相似文献   

9.
已知脑室注射硫化八肽胆囊收缩素(CCK-8)对吗啡镇痛效应(用辐射热甩尾反应的潜伏期作测痛指标)有对抗作用。本工作研究了脑室注射CCK-8对吗啡引起的大鼠丘脑两侧束旁核痛反应神经元同时电变化的影响。结果如下:(1)腹腔注射吗啡(10mg/kg)可抑制痛兴奋神经元(PEN)和加强痛抑制神经元(PIN)的电活动。(2)脑室注射CCK-8(15ng/15μl)能对抗吗啡引起PEN放电的抑制作用和PIN电活动的加强作用。无硫CCK-8对吗啡的效应没有对抗作用。(3)注射CCK-8可同时对抗吗啡对束旁核中一个PEN的抑制作用和一个PIN的加强作用。上述结果与甩尾阈测痛的结果一致,即CCK-8对吗啡引起的镇痛效应有明显的对抗作用。  相似文献   

10.
目的研究3种蛇毒即N.siamensis、N.naja和N.atra的镇痛效果。方法采用热板法、醋酸致小鼠扭体法和1%甲醛致小鼠舔足法建立3种疼痛模型,于腹腔注射N.siamensis、N.naja和N.atra后不同时间点测量小鼠第1次舔足时间、扭体次数和注射甲醛后舔足总时间,比较各时间点测量值的差异。结果热板法小鼠疼痛模型组,于腹腔注射N.Atra、N.naja和N.siamensis后第6~10h之间能明显提高小鼠疼痛阈值;醋酸致小鼠扭体法模型组与对照组相比,腹腔注射N.siamensis(10μg/kg)、N.naja(10μg/kg)和N.atra(10μg/kg)后明显减少扭体次数;1%甲醛致炎法小鼠模型组,于腹腔注射N.naja(10μg/kg)后在第Ⅰ时相能明显降低小鼠舔足时间,注射N.siamensis(5μg/kg)和N.atra(5μg/kg)后在第Ⅱ时相能明显降低小鼠舔足时间。结论小鼠腹腔注射N.siamensis、N.naja和N.Atra后无论对热刺激还是化学刺激引起的疼痛都有明显镇痛作用,特点是起效较慢但持续时间长。  相似文献   

11.
Wei L  Dong L  Zhao T  You D  Liu R  Liu H  Yang H  Lai R 《Biochimie》2011,93(6):995-1000
Anntoxin is the first gene-encoded neurotoxin identified from amphibians, which is a 60-residue neurotoxin peptide, acting as an inhibitor of tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-S) voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC). Sodium channels have been considered as therapeutic targets for pain. Several animal models of persistent inflammatory and neuropathic pain (tail-flick test, hot plate test, acetic acid-induced writhing test, formalin-induced paw licking, carrageenan-induced paw edema) were used to test analgesic functions of recombinant anntoxin (r-anntoxin). In all these animal models, r-anntoxin showed strong analgesic functions. R-anntoxin obviously inhibited secretions of both tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Histopathological study indicated that r-anntoxin reduced the edematous epidermis induced by carrageenan. All these results indicate that r-anntoxin has strong analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.  相似文献   

12.
Tricyclic antidepressant drugs induce antinociceptive effect and suggest that their analgesic action could be related to the monoaminergic activity of the drugs. The analgesic activity of amitriptyline was observed in mouse models of acute pain. Mice were divided into different groups and were given amitriptyline in different doses alone and in combination with morphine. Reaction time in Hot-Plate and Tail-Flick tests was observed. Results showed that amitriptyline had antinociceptive effect in acute pain state in experimental models. Amitriptyline in combination with morphine had better analgesic effect than the morphine alone in Hot-Plate test.  相似文献   

13.
Accessory gland secretions of male insects have many important functions including the formation of spermatophores. We used light and electron microscopy to investigate the structure of the accessory glands and posterior vasa deferentia of the carabid beetle Pterostichus nigrita to try to determine where spermatophore material is produced. Each accessory gland and posterior vas deferens had an outer layer of longitudinal muscle, beneath which was a layer of connective tissue and a thin band of circular muscle, all of which surrounded a layer of epithelial cells lining the lumen of the ducts. Based on the ultrastructure of the epithelial cells, and their secretory products, we identified two epithelial cell types in each region (distal and proximal) of the accessory glands and four types in the posterior vas deferens. Most secretory products, which stained positively for proteins and some mucins, were released into the lumen of the ducts by apocrine secretion. The accessory glands produced one type of secretory product whereas in posterior vasa deferentia, four types of secretory products were found layered in the lumen. Our results suggest that most of the structural material used to construct a spermatophore is produced by the cells of the posterior vasa deferentia.  相似文献   

14.
The occurrence of individual amino acids and dipeptide fragments in the sequences of 60 known atypical opioid peptides was analyzed. An expressed predominance of Tyr-Pro fragment suggested a high probability of analgesic activity for this dipeptide, and it was experimentally studied. It was shown on the somatic and visceral pain sensitivity models that, at the i.p. administration of Tyr-Pro in doses of 1.0–10 mg/kg of body mass, it exhibits an analgesic activity eliminated by naloxone and naloxone metiodide. However, in tests on ileum preparations of guinea pig and mouse vas deference in vitro, Tyr-Pro was devoid of opioid activity, which proved its indirect influence on opioid receptors.  相似文献   

15.
Ten new synthetic thiazolidine-4-ones derivatives (5 chlorothiazolidine-4-ones, 3 methoxythiazolidine-4-ones and 2 hydoxythiazolidine-4-ones) having different substituents at R1, R2 and R3 were evaluated for their analgesic activity using different animal models and their structure activity relationship was also elucidated. Chlorothiazolidine-4-ones and methoxythiazolidine-4-ones exhibited analgesic activity in tail flick test, tail immersion test and acetic acid writhing test. C-III (chloride substituents at R1 and R2) produced higher latencies than any other compounds in tail flick test and C-I (no substituents at R1 and R2) was not effective in acetic acid writhing test. Hydroxythiazolidine-4-ones did not show analgesic activity in any of the animal models used. In conclusion, the character of substituents at R3 of thiazolidine moiety position may have an effect on the analgesic activity of thiazolidine-4-ones and either chloride or methoxy substitution may be necessary to produce analgesic activity. Two chloride substituents in a compound may increase the central analgesic activity of the compound.  相似文献   

16.
The reports of analgesic effects of benzodiazepines are inconsistent. There is evidence of a hyperalgesic effect induced by activation of supraspinal GABAA receptors and an antinociceptive effect induced by activation of receptors located in the spinal cord (dorsal horns). The aim of the study was to discover whether the systemic administration of a benzodiazepine agent alprazolam increases the systemic analgesic efficacy of non-opioid analgesic ibuprofen. Experimental studies combining these agents have not yet been published. We used three experimental methods - writhing test (with acetic acid), tail-flick test and plantar test to assess analgesic action. The drugs were administered orally. Augmentation of the analgesic effect of ibuprofen by alprazolam was proved for the writhing test at a dose of 30 mg/kg of ibuprofen and alprazolam 1 mg/kg. The reaction time of the combination was significantly prolonged in comparison with ibuprofen alone. The results of the tail-flick test and plantar test were negative. The effect of ibuprofen was not enhanced by alprazolam in tests of acute thermal pain. Our results have demonstrated that the analgesic action of ibuprofen is only weakly enhanced by alprazolam.  相似文献   

17.
C W Stevens 《Life sciences》1992,50(13):901-912
The study of pain and analgesia is an important area of biomedical research which has led to a number of significant advances in the treatment of acute and chronic pain in the clinic. This area of research examines the physiology of pain transmission and the pharmacology of analgesic drugs by employing a variety of in vitro and in vivo animal models. To date, the vast majority of in vivo models for pain research have used mammalian species, primarily rodents and, to a lesser extent, canines, felines, and primates. The present review summarizes the special considerations of animal use in pain research and the philosophic and scientific basis for developing adjunct models using lower vertebrates. Existent literature on pain research using non-mammalian vertebrates is reviewed, with a special focus on amphibian species. Given the ethical concerns of experimental animal use and the importance of a comparative approach to the basic understanding of pain-processing, the further development of non-mammalian models for pain research should be encouraged.  相似文献   

18.
The analgesic effect and possible mechanism(s) of action of 50-200 mg/kg of the aqueous seed extract of H. umbellata (HU) were investigated in different experimental models of analgesia using the tail flick, tail immersion, acetic acid-induced writhing tests and formalin-induced algesia. Oral pre-treatment with 50-200 mg/kg of HU caused significant and dose related analgesic effect in the treated rats in all the experimental models used. This analgesia was mediated via central and peripheral mechanisms. Overall, the results showed that HU possesses analgesic effect which lends support to its folkloric use in the local management of pain.  相似文献   

19.
The sympathomimetic drugs noradrenaline, methoxamine, tyramine and norephedrine caused rhythmic contractions in isolated human vasa deferentia. Provided the drug was not washed out, these contractions lasted for the entire duration of the experiment (4-6 h). These contractions were mediated via alpha-adrenoreceptors. Intravenous administration of methoxamine or oxymetazolene to rats or guinea-pigs produced contractions of the vas deferens in vivo in some experiments but was accompanied by severe cardiovascular side effects. A local method of application was developed, using mixtures of tyramine with Silastic prepared as collars specially designed to fit round the vas deferens. Acute and chronic insertion of these slow-releasing devices around the vas deferens of rats produced rhythmic contractions of the vas deferens without any serious side effects.  相似文献   

20.
三种植物多糖KA -PSP、AB -PSP、B1 -PSP灌胃给药 6天后 ,小鼠热板法实验发现AB -PSP呈现明显的镇痛作用 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,大鼠电刺激尾巴—嘶叫模型亦显示同样结果 ,其作用在给药后 1小时即有明显差异并持续至给药后 1 .5小时 (P <0 .0 0 1 )。  相似文献   

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