贮藏温度对玫瑰鲜花抗氧化能力的影响

新鲜玫瑰花经250℃和4℃贮藏后发现,其花瓣粗提液对DPPH^ 、OH的清除能力以及花瓣中多酚和黄酮含量在贮藏3d或4d内上升、随后开始下降;对O2^-的清除能力以及Vc含量的变化呈持续上升趋势。相关分析表明,花瓣粗提液对DPPH^ 的清除活性与花瓣多酚含量变化呈显著正相关,对O2^-的清除活性与花瓣Vc含量变化亦存在显著正相关。4℃贮藏更有利于保持玫瑰花的抗氧化活性。     

天门冬水提液及其纳米中药对衰老模型小鼠NOS、NO、LPF的影响

目的:探讨中药天门冬及其纳米化后对D-半乳糖衰老模型小鼠血清和肝的抗氧化作用.方法:采用D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠分别ig相同剂量的天门冬水提液及其纳米中药15 d,测定衰老小鼠血清中一氧化氮合酶(NOS)的活性,一氧化氮(NO)含量及肝组织中脂褐素(LP下)的含量.结果:天门冬水提波及其纳米中药均能显著增强小鼠血清中NOS的活性(P＜0.01),提高N0含量(P＜0.05),降低LPF含量(P＜0.05),且纳米中药的药效强于天门冬水提液的药效(P＜0.05).结论:天门冬水提液及其纳米中药均有抗氧化作用,且纳米中药比水提液药效更好.     

天门冬纳米制剂对小鼠抗氧化系统的影响

目的:探讨中药天门冬及其纳米制剂对小鼠心肌线粒体中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,丙二醛(MDA)含量,肝组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性的影响,观察纳米制剂能否更有效地改善机体的抗氧化能力.方法:采用D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠分别ig相同剂量的天门冬水提液及其纳米中药15 d,测定衰老小鼠心肌线粒体中SOD活性、MDA含量及肝组织中GSH-Px活性.结果:天门冬水提液及其纳米中药均能显著增强天门冬及其纳米中药均可提高小鼠心肌线粒体中SOD的活性(P<0.01),肝组织GSH-Px活性(P<0.01),降低心肌线粒体中MDA(P<0.05),且纳米中药的药效强于天门冬水提液的药效(P<0.01).结论:天门冬纳米制剂抗氧化能力优于天门冬超声波水提液.     

高空气球搭载实验对普通鸡冠花抗氧化作用的诱变效应

利用高空气球搭载黄色普通鸡冠花(CelosiaargenteaL.)(yellowflower)种子,进行空间诱变处理。飞行高度为40.112km,飞行时间近4h,回收后播种栽培,采收子一代(SP1)的花序和叶片。采用比色法研究搭载组和对照组花序、叶片水提液对超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.)和羟自由基(·OH)的清除作用,并测定分析了样品的VC,黄酮醇的含量和SOD活力。结果表明,搭载组和对照组花序和叶片水提液均能降低·OH引发的还原型细胞色素C[Cyt·C(Ⅱ)]氧化作用和O2-.对羟胺的氧化作用,而搭载组样品水提取液清除活性氧的能力均比对照组显著提高,这与其自由基清除剂含量和活力的增高有关。这说明高空环境诱变处理对鸡冠花中抗氧化活性物质的合成和抗氧化功能产生了显著效应。     

反枝苋水浸提液与挥发油对黄瓜根尖的影响

采用悬空气法研究了在入侵植物反枝苋(Amaranthus retroflexus L.)水浸提液和挥发油作用下,黄瓜根缘细胞活性、根冠果胶甲基酯酶(PME)、根尖过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)以及丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化规律.结果表明:反枝苋水浸提液对黄瓜根的生长无显著性影响而挥发油显著抑制黄瓜根的生长,且随浓度增大抑制作用显著增强.PME活性随着水浸提液浓度的增大呈先上升后下降趋势,而随着挥发油浓度的升高呈现逐渐上升的趋势;水浸提液和挥发油均降低了对根缘细胞的存活率,这种抑制作用随浓度的增加而增大;随着处理液浓度增大,黄瓜根尖中MDA含量、CAT活性整体表现为增加,SOD活性先升高后降低,POD活性与对照差异不显著.反枝苋挥发油的化感效应大于水浸提液的化感效应.     

乌龙茶水提物的膜分离制备及其体外抗氧化活性评价

为探究乌龙茶水提液的不同膜分离工艺对产品品质、生化成分及体外抗氧化活性的影响,采用陶瓷膜(500 nm)和超滤膜(20、10、5、3.5 kD)对乌龙茶水提液进行分离,经喷雾干燥制得茶粉。通过感官品质、物理性质等方面评价不同膜分离工艺所制备的茶粉品质,并对茶粉的主要生化成分进行分析比较。同时,通过DPPH自由基清除力、FRAP氧化还原力、羟基自由基清除力、抗超氧阴离子活力方法评价茶粉的体外抗氧化活性。陶瓷膜透过液的感官品质综合得分最高,体外抗氧化活性亦最高。500 nm陶瓷膜可有效分离与富集茶多酚 (TPs)、游离氨基酸 (FAAs)、咖啡碱(CAF)、可溶性糖 (SPS)等物质,还可达到除杂效果,经陶瓷膜分离后的乌龙茶水提液再经超滤膜分离,对TPs、CAF、SPS、儿茶素组分无分离与富集效果。截留分子量小于10 kDa的超滤膜可有效分离与富集游离氨基酸。500 nm陶瓷膜截留液的SPS含量最高,但综合感官品质最差,抗氧化活性最低。基于品质、功效、节能这3大要素考虑,500 nm陶瓷膜透过液制备的茶粉综合品质最优。     

基于不同饲料的洋虫水提液对小鼠的抗衰老作用

为了评价洋虫Martianus dermestoides成虫和幼虫水提液的抗衰老作用,用高级饲料红花、枸杞、大枣、核桃仁的混合饲料)、大米、麦麸饲料饲养洋虫成虫和幼虫,并用幼虫水提液对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠灌胃, 测定小鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和过氧化氢酶（CAT)的活力及丙二醛（MDA)含量。结果表明：3种饲料饲养的洋虫成虫水提液均能提高小鼠血清中SOD,GSH-Px和CAT活力(P<0.05或P<0.01),且显著降低MDA含量(P<0.05);高级饲料组作用优于大米及麦麸饲料组,但三者差异不显著。高级饲料饲养组,其幼虫水提液对小鼠血清中SOD和CAT活力作用显著强于成虫水提液（P<0.05);对GSH-Px活力及MDA含量影响差异不显著。揭示洋虫成虫和幼虫水提液均有一定的抗氧化作用,是一种有效的抗衰老保健食品,且幼虫抗氧化作用优于成虫,饲料种类对洋虫的抗氧化作用无显著影响。     

白背三七大孔树脂富集物化学成分及抗氧化活性研究

本文采用HPLC-ESI-MS分析白背三七醇提液经HPD-100树脂富集分离后的黄酮类化合物,并采用化学和生物模型对富集物的抗氧化活性进行研究.实验结果表明该富集物主要黄酮成分为槲皮素和山奈酚的糖苷类化合物,且以山奈酚-3 -O-β-D-葡萄糖苷的含量最高;白背三七醇提液经富集后总黄酮含量提高了6倍.在试验模型中,除螯合能力外,富集后产物抗氧化能力较富集前均有显著提高,说明黄酮类化合物是白背三七抗氧化活性的主要物质基础.     

杠柳根皮乙醇粗提液对菜青虫的拒食作用及其防治效果

测定了杠柳 (PeriplocasepiumBunge .)其根皮乙醇粗提液对菜青虫Pierisrapae (L .)的拒食活性 ,并进行了乙醇粗取液及其与氯氰菊酯混用防治菜青虫药效试验。生测结果表明 ,乙醇粗提液对菜青虫 4龄和 5龄幼虫具有较强的拒食活性 ,2 4h拒食中浓度分别为 1 3 2 0 8mg L和 1 1 96 3mg L ,且对拒食后试虫生长发育有严重的影响。药效试验结果显示 ,乙醇粗提液 1 0 0倍液及其混配制剂 1 0 0 0倍液对菜青虫具有较好的防治效果。温室处理后 5d ,杠柳乙醇粗提液 1 0 0倍液、混剂 1 0 0 0倍液的防虫效果与 1 0 %氯氰菊酯 1 0 0 0倍液效果相当 ;田间处理后 5d ,杠柳粗提液防虫效果虽然较差 ,但保叶效果仍达 60 %以上 ,而混剂的防虫和保叶效果均与氯氰菊酯效果相当。     

不同浓度NaCl胁迫处理下豇豆幼苗抗氧化酶活性的变化

本研究主要探讨不同浓度NaCl胁迫处理下豇豆(Vigna unguiculata Linn.)幼苗叶片抗氧化酶活性的变化情况.研究结果表明,在0～250 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下,随着盐浓度的增加,豇豆幼苗叶片可溶性蛋白质、脯氨酸和丙二醛含量逐渐增加,在150 mmol/L浓度时,3者的含量都达到最大值;而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性开始逐渐上升,它们的活性分别在100 mmol/L、150 mmol/L和150 mmol/L时达到最大值,然后逐渐下降.同时,对NaCl胁迫下3种抗氧化酶基因的表达进行适时定量PCR分析,分析结果显示3种抗氧化酶基因的转录表达与酶活性的变化一致.说明在不同浓度的NaCl胁迫下,NaCl诱导了sod、pod和cat 3种抗氧化酶基因的表达,3种抗氧化酶活性相应地提高,从而提高了豇豆应对NaCl胁迫的能力.本文结果将为今后豇豆在盐碱栽培生产提供一定的参考.     

Evaluation of the potential cardioprotective activity of some Saudi plants against doxorubicin toxicity

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline antibiotic widely used as a chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of several tumours. However, its cardiac toxicity limits its use at maximum therapeutic doses. Most studies implicated increased oxidative stress as the major determinant of DOX cardiotoxicity. The local Saudi flora is very rich in a variety of plants of quite known folkloric or traditional medicinal uses. Tribulus macropterus Boiss., Olea europaea L. subsp. africana (Mill.) P. S. Green, Tamarix aphylla (L.) H. Karst., Cynomorium coccineum L., Cordia myxa L., Calligonum comosum L' Hér, and Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal are Saudi plants known to have antioxidant activities. The aim of the current study was to explore the potential protective effects of methanolic extracts of these seven Saudi plants against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Two plants showed promising cardioprotective potential in the order Calligonum comosum > Cordia myxa. The two plant extracts showed potent in vitro radical scavenging and antioxidant properties. They significantly protected against DOX-induced alterations in cardiac oxidative stress markers (GSH and MDA) and cardiac serum markers (CK-MB and LDH activities). Additionally, histopathological examination indicated a protection against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. In conclusion, C. comosum and C. myxa exerted protective activity against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, which is, at least partly, due to their antioxidant effect.     

Biological activities of Teucrium flavum L., Teucrium fruticans L., and Teucrium siculum rafin crude extracts

The genus Teucrium (Lamiaceae) includes 300 species widespread all around the world, which are perennial herbs or shrubs commonly, named germanders. In Italy, Teucrium flavum L., Teucrium fruticans L., and Teucrium siculum Rafin are mostly present in Liguria, Sicily, and Sardegna. Teucrium species are characterized by mono and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, flavonoids, fatty acid esters, and essential oils. Many species of this genus show antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungal activities, rendering them useful as natural preservative ingredients. In view of the interesting biological properties reported for Teucrium spp., in this study we determined the total phenol and flavonoid content of inflorescence extracts of T. flavum L., T. fruticans L., and T. siculum Rafin. In addition, we investigated the in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of inflorescence extracts against pathogenic bacteria. Obtained results demonstrated that extracts had in vitro antioxidant activity and showed antimicrobial ability against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains albeit with different effectiveness probably due to the different qualitative/quantitative composition of the extract also suggesting that these extracts might be useful in preventing several diseases in which oxidative stress may represent an important pathogenic mechanism.     

Effects of linuron and dimethenamid on antioxidant systems in weeds associated with soybean

Changes in antioxidant systems in soybean and associated weeds (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Chenopodium album L., Convolvulus arvensis L and Sinapis arvensis L.) were studied in relation to treatment with herbicides linuron and dimethenamid in the field experiment. Differences in the total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (Cat) activities were observed in plants after application of herbicide formulation. Quantities of superoxide (O₂.-) and hydroxyl (·OH) radicals and malonyldialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and total polyphenols content were also determined. In addition to this, potential antioxidant activity of the plant ethanolic extracts were assessed based on the scavenging activity of stable DPPH free radicals. Results obtained suggest that plants investigated 1) expressed different antioxidant systems in response to herbicide treatment; 2) enzymatic and non-enzymatic protective mechanisms were complementary; 3) some weed species showed distinctive and combined activity of several biochemical parameters, such as Ambrosia artemisiifolia.     

Comparative study of antioxidant capacity in organs of different Allium species

Cultivated and wild Allium species were investigated in order to compare the antioxidant capacity of their leaves and bulbs. Leaf and bulb anti-oxidative enzymes and scavenger activities, along with quantities of non-enzymic antioxidants, malonyl-dialdehyde and OH radicals were determined. Results obtained suggest that leaves possess higher anti-oxidant and scavenging activities than bulbs in the majority of cultivated and wild Allium species examined. Cultivation of some wild species such as A. flavum L., A. schoenoprasum L. and A. ursinum L. could be conducted in the future in order to produce Allium species with high antioxidant capacity in leaves and bulbs.     

中草药食品抗氧化剂的筛选

为了寻找质优、价廉、丰富、易得的天然食品抗氧化剂资源,本文采用“扩散板法”和“永停法”从51种中草药中筛选出了二十三种活性较强的,其中大黄、牡丹皮、老鹳草、川续断、芡实,山茱萸核、马齿苋、八角回香、千里光和鹅不食草等10种抗氧活性最强(AI>70％)。     

The activity of an extract and fraction of Agrimonia eupatoria L. against reactive species

Agrimonia eupatoria L. (agrimony) is a medicinal plant largely used in traditional medicine. Recently, phytochemical studies on an agrimony hydro-alcoholic extract and a polyphenol-enriched fraction obtained from it were carried out. The fraction was found to possess a high concentration of flavan-3-ols, flavonols, flavones and phenolic acids. So, the main purpose of this study was to search out, the extract and fraction antioxidant potential and scavenging activity against the reactive species formed during inflammation and to establish a relationship between such activity and the phenolic composition. Results showed that both the extract and the fraction promptly reacted with DPPH denoting a general radical scavenger activity and a potential antioxidant capacity. They also reacted with superoxide anion, peroxyl and hydroxyl radicals as well as with the oxidant species, hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorous acid and peroxynitrite, strengthening their radical scavenger and antioxidant activities. In most assays, the polyphenol-enriched fraction was more efficient, pointing to a significant contribution of the polyphenols content to those activities. Our data suggest that the significant scavenging capacity of reactive species by polyphenols from Agrimonia eupatoria L., could be a mechanism of its anti-inflammatory activity.     

Biological activities of Curcuma longa L

There are several data in the literature indicating a great variety of pharmacological activities of Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae), which exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-human immunodeficiency virus, anti-bacteria, antioxidant effects and nematocidal activities. Curcumin is a major component in Curcuma longa L., being responsible for its biological actions. Other extracts of this plant has been showing potency too. In vitro, curcumin exhibits anti-parasitic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory and gastrointestinal effects; and also inhibits carcinogenesis and cancer growth. In vivo, there are experiments showing the anti-parasitic, anti-inflammatory potency of curcumin and extracts of C. longa L. by parenteral and oral application in animal models. In this present work we make an overview of the pharmacological activities of C. longa L., showing its importance.     

锌胁迫对桉树巯基物质含量及抗氧化酶活性的影响

通过桉树的水培实验,测定了不同浓度Zn胁迫下桉树的生物量,根和叶中Zn、巯基物质(非蛋白巯基,谷胱甘肽和植物络合素)和丙二醛(MDA)的含量,以及根中抗氧化酶的活性。从巯基物质含量和抗氧化酶活性的角度,探讨了桉树抵御Zn胁迫造成氧化性伤害的机制。实验结果表明,Zn浓度较低(20 mg/L和40 mg/L)时,根中MDA含量非显著性增加,抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性上升,叶中巯基物质含量非显著性增加。Zn浓度较高(120 mg/L和140 mg/L)时,根中MDA含量显著性增加,SOD、POD和CAT的活性下降,叶中巯基物质含量显著性增加。因此,低浓度Zn胁迫时,桉树中巯基物质和抗氧化酶系统对氧化性伤害有较好的缓解作用;高浓度Zn胁迫时,大量过氧化物积累,桉树中巯基物质和抗氧化酶系统对氧化损伤的缓解作用降低。     

土壤不同镉水平对马缨丹生长及其抗氧化酶活性的影响

采用盆栽试验方法,分别设置0(对照,不添加镉)、30、60、90、120、150、180、210mg·kg-1共8个土壤镉处理水平,研究土壤不同镉水平对马缨丹(Lantana comara L.)生长及其抗氧化酶活性的影响,以探讨马缨丹对镉胁迫的生理响应机制。结果显示:(1)随着土壤镉处理浓度的升高,马缨丹干重呈先升高后降低的趋势,30mg·kg-1镉处理能促进植株的生长,而浓度高于60mg·kg-1时显著抑制马缨丹的生长。(2)马缨丹叶片和根系中O-·2产生速率、H2O2和MDA含量及电解质渗漏率均随土壤镉处理浓度的升高和胁迫时间的延长逐渐升高,胁迫90d时,叶片和根系中O-·2产生速率、H2O2和MDA含量及电解质渗漏率分别在镉浓度高于60和30mg·kg-1时显著低于对照。(3)叶片和根系抗氧化酶SOD、POD、APX和CAT活性随着土壤镉处理浓度的增加大体呈先升高后降低的趋势,并在镉浓度分别高于90和60mg·kg-1时,叶片和根系抗氧化酶活性显著低于对照。研究表明,低浓度镉处理土壤能促进马缨丹植株生长,而高浓度镉处理土壤显著降低了马缨丹体内抗氧化酶活性,导致活性氧大量积累,引起严重的膜脂过氧化伤害,从而显著抑制马缨丹植株的生长。     

Exogenous nitric oxide promotes waterlogging tolerance as related to the activities of antioxidant enzymes in cucumber seedlings

We investigated the effects of exogenous sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide (NO) donor, on growth of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L., cv. Jinyou No.1) seedlings and antioxidant enzyme activities in cucumber leaves under waterlogging stress. The growth of cucumber seedlings was significantly inhibited when plants were exposed to waterlogging, whereas shoot spraying with SNP significantly alleviated the inhibition of growth from this type of stress: height, fresh and dry weights of the flooded plants increased obviously. Waterlogging also caused the activation of the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)), the reduction of the chlorophyll content, and the accumulation of MDA and protein in leaves. It was found that SNP treatment further potentiated the antioxidant enzyme activities and maintained the chlorophyll and protein content during the entire water-logging period; however, it reduced the MDA content. Thus, NO protects plants from oxidative damage and promotes growth by activation of antioxidant enzymes in leaves in an extent sufficient for the alleviation of membrane injury. However, exogenous NO had no significant effects on cucumber seedlings growth and antioxidant enzyme activities under nonstress conditions.