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酶分子在长期进化过程中形成一系列氨基酸残基组成的活性架构,参与底物的识别、结合与催化过程,而活性架构中相应氨基酸残基是如何影响酶分子结合底物的能力,进而影响酶分子的催化效率,一直是酶分子理性改造研究的热点.利用亲和电泳技术,可以快速展示内切纤维素酶Tr Cel12A和木聚糖酶Tl Xyn A活性架构中不同突变体的催化活性及其迁移率的变化,进而通过在不同底物浓度凝胶中蛋白质相对迁移率变化程度的定量回归分析,发现由氨基酸单点突变导致蛋白质迁移率的相对变化,可以定量表征酶分子突变前后结合底物能力的变化.亲和电泳测定的有效阻滞常数Kb值与等温滴定量热法和荧光光谱法测定的相关参数比较具有明显相关性.由于亲和电泳技术在测定酶分子与底物的结合能力时具有简便、快速、灵敏的特点,因而可作为常规生化实验室常规普筛技术来检测突变文库中系列突变体导致结合力的变化. 相似文献
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多元混菌发酵对纤维素酶活性的影响 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
研究了两种曲霉(UF2和UA8)二元混菌体系和两种曲霉与1种酵母菌组成的三元混菌体系混合发酵对纤维素酶系三种酶组分活性的影响。结果表明:两种霉菌按一定比例接种进行混合发酵时三种纤维素酶组分的活性较单菌发酵大幅度提高,滤纸酶(FPA)、微晶纤维素酶(AVI)和羧甲基纤维素酶(CMC)活性分别较UA8单菌发酵提高2.2%~51.1%、20.7%~332.6%和29.4%~299.6%;向由两种霉菌组成的二元混菌发酵体系中接入酵母菌可显著降低3种纤维素酶组分的活性;三菌混合发酵能使纤维素酶3组分的产酶高峰出现时间较双菌混合发酵滞后约24h,但三菌与双菌混合发酵3种纤维素酶组分的酶活峰值无明显差异;双菌混合发酵有利于缩短纤维素酶生产发酵周期。 相似文献
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不同碳源和氮源对金针菇降解木质纤维素酶活性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以3株栽培的金针菇Flammulina velutipes为材料,研究它们在玉米芯和棉子壳以及不同碳源、氮源培养条件下纤维素、半纤维素和木质素降解酶活性的规律。结果表明,不同金针菇菌株的羧甲基纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和漆酶活力显著不同(P<0.001),同时,培养条件对羧甲基纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和漆酶的活力都有显著影响(P<0.001)。在简单碳源存在的条件下,金针菇的羧甲基纤维素酶和木聚糖酶活力远远低于复杂碳源培养基(P<0.05)。全营养培养基上生长的金针菇的羧甲基纤维素酶和木聚糖酶活力低于缺乏碳源和氮源的培养基(P<0.05)。漆酶活力在无简单氮源培养基上低于全培养基(P<0.05)和无葡萄糖培养基(P<0.05),即复杂碳源和氮源培养基上的漆酶活力低于简单碳源和氮源培养基(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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本文研究了培养温度对滑菇子实体形成期间胞外羧甲基纤维素酶活性的影响。实验结果表明:1,低温(9—11℃)培养,菌丝体能分化形成子实体,并且在子实体担孢子释放期左右,培养物中有CMC酶活性高峰出现,酶峰期活力为40—100u左右。2、在23—25℃培养300天期间,培养物不能形成子实体,在相应于子实体生长期间(以有子实体生长的低温培养组为对照),培养物中无明显酶峰出现,酶活力为0—2u左右。由此可见,培养温度对滑菇子实体形成和胞外CMC酶活性有显著的影响。 相似文献
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以糙皮侧耳Pleurotus ostreatus为材料,研究简单碳氮源及木质素纯品诱导条件对其木质纤维素酶活性的影响。结果表明,不同的碳源培养基和氮源培养基对糙皮侧耳漆酶活性、羧甲基纤维素酶活性和木聚糖酶活性均具有极显著的影响(P<0.001),且对糙皮侧耳菌丝生物量也有极显著的影响(P<0.001)。以蔗糖作主要碳源诱导物时,有利于提高糙皮侧耳漆酶活性;以果糖作主要碳源诱导物时,有利于提高糙皮侧耳羧甲基纤维素酶活性和菌丝生物量的积累;以葡萄糖作主要碳源诱导物时,有利于提高糙皮侧耳木聚糖酶活性。以酵母浸粉作主要氮源诱导物时,有利于提高糙皮侧耳漆酶活性和菌丝生物量的积累;以硝酸钾作为主要氮源诱导物时,有利于提高糙皮侧耳羧甲基纤维素酶活性;以硫酸铵作为主要氮源诱导物时,有利于提高糙皮侧耳木聚糖酶活性。碱性木素的存在,有利于提高糙皮侧耳漆酶活性,但不利于菌丝生物量的积累。与此同时,碱性木素的存在对糙皮侧耳羧甲基纤维素酶和木聚糖酶活性并没有促进作用。 相似文献
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土壤水分胁迫对红砂幼苗叶绿素荧光和抗氧化酶活性的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以红砂(Reaumuria soongorica)2年生幼苗为材料,研究不同土壤水分处理下其叶绿素荧光参数、叶绿素含量和抗氧化酶活性等光合生理指标的变化特征。取得如下结果。(1)与对照组(CK)相比,中度胁迫(MS)和重度胁迫(SS)处理下红砂叶绿素含量分别降低了15.3%和25.7%,叶绿素(a/b)含量分别增加了7.4%和36.9%。表明胁迫处理导致色素含量和捕光色素复合体II含量下降,减少了其对光能的捕获,降低了光合机构遭受破坏的风险。(2)随着胁迫的加剧,初始荧光(Fo)呈升高趋势,而最大荧光(Fm)、PSII潜在光化学效率(Fv/Fo)和PSII最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)呈明显降低趋势。说明胁迫使PSII结构与功能受到一定程度的损伤和破坏。(3)在胁迫处理下,抗氧化酶活性和丙二醛含量也发生了一定程度的变化,反映出红砂对胁迫环境有较强的耐受性。 相似文献
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采用棚内盆栽方法, 设置pH值5.6 (对照)、4.0、3.0和2.0的模拟酸雨胁迫试验, 探讨其对白簕幼苗叶片MDA含量、保护酶活性、叶绿素含量、气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明, 随着模拟酸雨pH值的降低, MDA含量呈先降低后升高的趋势; SOD活性逐渐降低, POD活性逐渐升高, APX活性呈先升高后降低的变化。叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量均比对照高, 在pH 4.0时达最大值。气孔限制值(Ls)、PSII实际光化学量子产量(ΦPSII)、光化学淬灭系数(qP)均随pH值的降低而下降, 净光速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用效率(WUE)、PSII最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSII的潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、非光化学淬灭系数(qN)呈先升高后降低趋势, 且也都在pH 4.0时达最大值。由此推测, pH 4.0的酸雨处理有利于白簕幼苗的生长, 表明白簕幼苗可能喜欢生活在微酸环境中, 但是随着酸度加强, 反而起到抑制作用。 相似文献
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高温胁迫对葡萄幼树叶绿素荧光特性和抗氧化酶活性的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了探讨短期和长期高温处理后葡萄生理应答反应,本研究在人工气候室环境中模拟夏季高温发生时间段(10:00~16:00)对一年生盆栽葡萄‘夏黑’进行25°C、35°C、45°C温度处理,测定处理6 h时(短期)和150 h时(长期)功能叶片的叶绿素荧光动力学及抗氧化酶活性。结果显示:在35°C处理6 h时‘夏黑’叶片ΨEo、ΦEo、ETo/RC显著上升;45°C处理6 h时‘夏黑’各荧光参数表现出显著性差异,而在150 h时主要荧光参数恢复至原初水平;高温处理下‘夏黑’的叶绿素含量和SOD酶活增长趋势较不明显;35°C/45°C处理均导致抗氧化酶活性POD和CAT以及过氧化物产物MDA(丙二醇)表现出较强的增长趋势。综上可知,短期高温处理(6 h)‘夏黑’叶片PSII活性遭到破坏,但是长期高温处理(150 h)‘夏黑’的PSII活性得到恢复,推测‘夏黑’有较强高温逆境适应能力;高温逆境打破‘夏黑’氧化还原平衡,MDA含量增加。这些结果对于了解葡萄在高温胁迫下的耐受能力具有参考价值。 相似文献
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铜胁迫对玉米幼苗生长、叶绿素荧光参数和抗氧化酶活性的影响 总被引:31,自引:1,他引:31
本文研究了铜(Cu)胁迫下玉米(Zeamays)幼苗生长、叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数和抗氧化酶活性的变化。研究结果表明,5 ̄20μmol.L-1Cu处理10天明显抑制玉米幼苗根系生长,并减少玉米幼苗的干物重,以及增加玉米幼苗地上部和根系含Cu量;玉米幼苗吸收的Cu大部分积累在根系,在地上部分布较少。Cu处理还降低玉米叶片的叶绿素含量和Fv/Fm、ETR、qP和qy值。在10天的Cu处理期间,根系中SOD、POD、CAT和GR活性呈现先上升后下降的趋势。而叶片中的SOD、POD、CAT和GR活性在处理前期不受Cu胁迫的显著影响,处理后期则因Cu胁迫而增强。实验表明抗氧化酶在抵御过量Cu引起的氧化胁迫中发挥了一定的作用。 相似文献
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为了高通量筛选色氨酸工程菌,利用色氨酸与MAA在酸性条件下产生荧光物质(激发波长253 nm,发射波长450nm),荧光强度与色氨酸含量在一定范围内成正比的原理,建立了96孔微孔板中高通量测定发酵液色氨酸含量的方法。反应液80℃反应15 min后,测量荧光强度。线性范围为1 mg.L-1~100 mg.L-1,为大规模筛选色氨酸基因工程菌打下了基础。 相似文献
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Deciphering preferential interactions within supramolecular protein complexes: the proteasome case
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Bertrand Fabre Thomas Lambour Luc Garrigues François Amalric Nathalie Vigneron Thomas Menneteau Alexandre Stella Bernard Monsarrat Benoît Van den Eynde Odile Burlet‐Schiltz Marie‐Pierre Bousquet‐Dubouch 《Molecular systems biology》2015,11(1)
In eukaryotic cells, intracellular protein breakdown is mainly performed by the ubiquitin–proteasome system. Proteasomes are supramolecular protein complexes formed by the association of multiple sub-complexes and interacting proteins. Therefore, they exhibit a very high heterogeneity whose function is still not well understood. Here, using a newly developed method based on the combination of affinity purification and protein correlation profiling associated with high-resolution mass spectrometry, we comprehensively characterized proteasome heterogeneity and identified previously unknown preferential associations within proteasome sub-complexes. In particular, we showed for the first time that the two main proteasome subtypes, standard proteasome and immunoproteasome, interact with a different subset of important regulators. This trend was observed in very diverse human cell types and was confirmed by changing the relative proportions of both 20S proteasome forms using interferon-γ. The new method developed here constitutes an innovative and powerful strategy that could be broadly applied for unraveling the dynamic and heterogeneous nature of other biologically relevant supramolecular protein complexes. 相似文献
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F(o)rster resonance energy transfer (FRET) techniques have been widely used in biological studies in vitro and in vivo and are powerful tools for elucidating protein interactions in many regulatory cas... 相似文献
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《Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry》2013,28(5):1094-1104
Kinetic characterization of lipase inhibition was performed by activity measurement and mass spectrometry (MS), for the first time with serine-protease inhibitor 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin (DCI). Inhibition of Streptomyces rimosus extracellular lipase (SrLip), a member of the SGNH superfamily, by means of DCI follows the mechanism of two-step irreversible inhibition. The dissociation constant of the noncovalent E?I complex and first-order rate constant for inactivation were determined by incubation (Ki* = 26.6?±?2.8 µM, k2 = 12.2?±?0.6 min–1) or progress curve (Ki* = 6.5?±?1.5 µM, k2 = 0.11?±?0.01 min–1) method. Half-times of reactivation for lipase inhibited with 10-fold molar excess of DCI were determined by activity measurement (t1/2 = 11.3?±?0.2?h), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI, t1/2 = 13.5?±?0.4?h), and electro-spray ionization (ESI, t1/2 = 12.2?±?0.5?h) MS. The active SrLip concentration was determined by incubating the enzyme with near equimolar concentrations of DCI, followed by activity and MS measurement. 相似文献
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The enzyme 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonate-8-phosphate synthase (KDO8PS) catalyses the condensation of arabinose 5-phosphate (A5P) and phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) to obtain 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonate-8-phosphate (KDO8P). We have elucidated initial modes of ligand binding in KDO8PS binary complexes by X-ray crystallography. Structures of the apo-enzyme and of binary complexes with the substrate PEP, the product KDO8P and the catalytically inactive 1-deoxy analog of arabinose 5-phosphate (1dA5P) were obtained. The KDO8PS active site resembles an irregular funnel with positive electrostatic potential situated at the bottom of the PEP-binding sub-site, which is the primary attractive force towards negatively charged phosphate moieties of all ligands. The structures of the ligand-free apo-KDO8PS and the binary complex with the product KDO8P visualize for the first time the role of His202 as an active-site gate. Examination of the crystal structures of KDO8PS with the KDO8P or 1dA5P shows these ligands bound to the enzyme in the PEP-binding sub-site, and not as expected to the A5P sub-site. Taken together, the structures presented here strengthen earlier evidence that this enzyme functions predominantly through positional catalysis, map out the roles of active-site residues and provide evidence that explains the total lack of catalytic reversibility. 相似文献
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《Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP》2020,19(11):1826-1849
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- •Identification of subcellular protein interactomes via proximity labeling and quantitative multiplexed proteomics.
- •SEC61β and RPN1 interactomes overlap with translocon-associated protein networks.
- •SEC62 interacts with redox-linked proteins and ER luminal chaperones.
- •LRRC59 directly interacts with mRNA translation factors and SRP machinery on the ER.