中国附生舌唇兰一新记录植物——窄唇舌唇兰

报道了2017年发现于云南孟连县勐马镇腊福大黑山贺莫村附近海拔2 145m中山湿性常绿阔叶林的一种附生兰科植物——窄唇舌唇兰[Platanthera angustilabris Seidenf.]在中国的新分布记录,该物种过去记录仅分布在缅甸、泰国和越南。窄唇舌唇兰与长瓣舌唇兰相近,但前者的窄披针形叶片长度可以达到15cm,后者的披针形叶片仅可达7cm。凭证标本存放于中国科学院昆明植物研究所标本馆(KUN)。     

Relationships of the purple-fringed orchids Platanthera Psycodes and P. grandiflora

The vegetative and floral differences between two frequently confused species are discussed in terms of function.Platanthera psycodes is a widespread species with flowers adapted to visits by short-tongued lepidoptera, especially skippers of the genusPolites; the pollinaria are attached to the base of the proboscis.Platanthera grandiflora is a geographically more limited species with flowers adapted to visits by longer-tongued lepidoptera; the pollinaria are probably attached to compound eyes. The species overlap geographically and phenologically. Chromosome numbers are 2n = 42 in each species. Cultivated plants of each are partially self-incompatible but produce apparently normal embryos when intercrossed. Mechanical, seasonal, ethological, and distributional differences isolate the species.Habenaria andPlatanthera are considered distinct but closely related genera.Platanthera psycodes is based upon a type at L,P. grandiflora on a type at AMES.Platanthera grandiflora andP. psycodes have affinities with three other eastern North American species characterized by tripartite, fringed, or erose labella. Species pairs within this group, based on column structure, includegrandifloraperamoena andpsycodeslacera. The column ofP. leucophaea is morphologically intermediate in form.     

Spiradiclis glabra sp. nov. (Rubiaceae) from limestone areas in Guangdong,China

A new species of Rubiaceae, Spiradiclis glabra, is described and illustrated from China. The species is most similar to S. fusca, but differs by having 5–7 pairs of adaxially unconspicuous secondary veins in the leaves, stipules 2–5 mm long, calyx lobes ovate‐triangular, corollas slightly purple–reddish, tubes 13–15 mm long, inside with a pubescent ring of long hairs at the throat, and stamens near the base in long‐styled form. The conservation status of this new species was assessed as ‘Vulnerable’ (VU) according to IUCN.     

Continuous petal variation in Epimedium tianmenshanense (Berberidaceae), a taxon endemic to western Hunan,China

In the protologue, Epimedium tianmenshanense (Berberidaceae), a species endemic to western Hunan, China, was described as ‘flower small, 0.2–0.4 cm diam., inner sepals white, petals as long as inner sepals or a little shorter than the latter, spur very short, ca 5.0 mm’. However, both morphological characteristics and molecular evidence suggest that E. tianmenshanense is closely related to E. baojingense, a taxon with a long spur, thus suggesting that the size of the floral parts is not as reliable as previously believed. When investigating the variability of E. tianmenshanense in more detail, in the field as well as in cultivation, we found that the petals were are highly variable in morphology (both shape and size), being cucullate, subulate, short to long spurred, and with various transitions. The flowers size varied from small to large accordingly. The flowers with cucullate and subulate petals, which were a little shorter than the inner sepals or almost as long as the latter, were small (about 0.8 cm in diameter). The flowers with long spurs, which were much longer than the inner sepals, were also large (about 2.5–3.5 cm in diameter). Finally, the flowers with short spurs, which were a little longer than the inner sepals, were medium-sized (about 1.0–1.2 cm in diameter). In addition, the color of inner sepals was revised from ‘white, occasionally light mulberry-purple’ to yellowish green or yellowish white. Epimedium tianmenshanense is a perfect example of natural petal evolution, which could be used for further taxonomic and evolutionary studies. The reason for the variation and the taxonomic treatment of the species still need further study.     

Nectar resorption and translocation in Cucurbita pepo L. and Platanthera chlorantha Custer (Rchb.)

Nectar resorption and sugar translocation were studied in Cucurbita pepo (Cucurbitaceae) and Platanthera chlorantha (Orchidaceae) by micro-autoradiography. In both species, nectar was resorbed in pollinated and unpollinated flowers and ovules developing into seeds were found to be the main sugar sink. In C. pepo, the mobility of resorbed sugars in pollinated female flowers was higher than in unpollinated ones; male flowers showed lower mobility of resorbed sugar. In P. chlorantha, radioactivity was detected in pollinated flowers below and above labelled unpollinated ones: the nearer the flower, the stronger the accumulation of label in developing fruits.     

Spiradiclis jingxiensis sp. nov. (Rubiaceae) from Guangxi,China

The new species Spiradiclis jingxiensis R. J. Wang is described here. It is similar to S. danxiashanensis with respect to its prostrate habit, small leaves, and terminal inflorescence with 1–3 salverform flowers, but is readily distinguished by pinkish flowers, and included stamens and stigmas in long‐ and short‐styled flowers. The conservation status of the new species was preliminarily assessed as ‘EN’ according to IUCN categories and criteria.     

A rare new species of Polhillia (Genisteae,Fabaceae)

The new species Polhillia ignota Boatwr. is described. This species is known only from two collections, one between Vredenburg and Saldanha and the other close to Porterville. The new species is most similar to P. obsoleta, which is known only from a few localities around Worcester, in its narrow, sericeous leaflets and flowers of equal size, but differs in its flattened mature leaves with larger leaflets (up to ± 12 mm long), longer pseudo-peduncles (up to ± 15  mm long), denser inflorescences (with up to four flowers), shorter pedicels (1–2 mm long) and non-auriculate wing- and keel petals.     

Gaultheria marronina sp. nov. (Ericaceae) from Sichuan,China

Gaultheria marronina, a new species from the Hengduan Mountain chain of western Sichuan Province, China, is described and illustrated. This species is similar to G. bryoides P. W. Fritsch & L. H. Zhou from the Gaoligong Mountains in its white fleshy calyx with a maroon capsule but differs in its stem setae 0.34–0.50 mm long, petioles 0.4–0.6 mm long, leaf blades 5.1–6.2 × 2.1–3.1 mm, overwintering flower bud pedicels 0.6–0.8 mm long, calyx lobes 2.2–3.0 mm long, and usually slightly open fruiting calyx, among other characters. The species is known only from two widely separated unprotected populations and is categorized as endangered.     

Primulina rubella sp. nov. (Gesneriaceae) from a limestone area in Guangdong,China

A new species of Primulina (Gesneriaceae) from a limestone area in southern China, P. rubella L.H. Yang & M. Kang, is described and illustrated. The new species has purple‐red flowers and is thus similar to P. lijiangensis, but differs by its petiole, leaf blade, cyme, filament, stigma and ovary. In adition, a molecular phylogenetic reconstruction indicated that P. rubella and P. lijiangensis belong to quite different clades. Instead, P. rubella appears to be closely related to the sympatric P. qingyuanensis, although these two species are obviously differentiated both in terms of flower color and other vegetative and floral characters. The conservation status of P. rubella is assessed as ‘Critically Endangered’ (CR) according to the IUCN red list categories and criteria.     

Ilex sanqingshanensis sp. nov. (Aquifoliaceae) from Jiangxi Province,China

Ilex sanqingshanensis, a new species of Aquifoliaceae from Jiangxi, China, is described and illustrated with morphological characteristics and ultrastructure of pollen grains. The new species is easily distinguished from the most similar species I. wugongshanensis C. J. Tseng ex S. K. Chen et Y. X. Feng by having smaller leaves that are elliptic, ovate or elliptic‐ovate, with shorter (0.5–1.0 vs 2–3 mm) teeth on the leaf margin, longer pedicels of staminate flowers (2.0–3.5 vs 1.5 mm), smaller pyrenes (3.5–4.0 × 2.0–2.5 vs 4.5–5.0 × 3.0 mm), and woody pyrenes (vs stony pyrenes).     

Spiradiclis quanzhouensis sp. nov. (Rubiaceae) from a limestone area in Guangxi,China

Spiradiclis quanzhouensis, a new species of Rubiaceae from northeastern Guangxi, China is described and illustrated. It is similar to S. umbelliformis, but can be distinguished by its rosulate habit, subglabrous stems, leaf blades that are pubescent on both surfaces, lanceolate purple‐pubescent stipules that are undivided or sometimes bifid in apical 1/3, an inflorescence with 2–4 flowers, lanceolate 4–5 mm long calyx lobes that are purple‐pubescent outside, a salveriform corolla that is light purple‐pubescent outside, a semi‐inferior ovary, and capsules that are light purple‐pubescent with persistent calyx lobes 5–6 mm, in fruit 2 × as long as capsule.     

Psychotria elephantina sp. nov. (Rubiaceae) an endangered rainforest shrub from Cameroon

Psychotria elephantina Lachenaud & Cheek is described as a new species. It is placed in P. sect. Involucratae (Petit) Verdc., endemic to the South West Region of Cameroon and is assessed as ‘Endangered’ (EN) using the IUCN criteria. The species is distinctive in P. sect. Involucratae due to its long petioles (6.5–12.0 cm), involucres of two pairs of large free bracts and green corollas with included stamens in both longistylous and brevistylous flowers.     

Comparative micromorphology of nectariferous and nectarless labellar spurs in selected clades of subtribe Orchidinae (Orchidaceae)

Floral nectar spurs are widely considered to influence pollinator behaviour in orchids. Spurs of 21 orchid species selected from within four molecularly circumscribed clades of subtribe Orchidinae (based on Platanthera s.l., Gymnadenia–Dactylorhiza s.l., Anacamptis s.l., Orchis s.s.) were examined under light and scanning electron microscopes in order to estimate correlations between nectar production (categorized as absent, trace, reservoir), interior epidermal papillae (categorized as absent, short, medium, long) and epidermal cell striations (categorized as apparently absent, weak, moderate, strong). Closely related congeneric species scored similarly, but more divergent species showed less evidence of phylogenetic constraints. Nectar secretion was negatively correlated with striations and positively correlated with papillae, which were especially frequent and large in species producing substantial reservoirs of nectar. We speculate that the primary function of the papillae is conserving energy through nectar resorption and explain the presence of large papillae in a minority of deceit‐pollinated species by arguing that the papillae improve pollination because they are a tactile expectation of pollinating insects. In contrast, the prominence of striations may be a ‘spandrel’, simply reflecting the thickness of the overlying cuticle. Developmentally, the spur is an invagination of the labellum; it is primarily vascularized by a single ‘U’‐shaped primary strand, with smaller strands present in some species. Several suggestions are made for developing further, more targeted research programmes. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 160 , 369–387     

Genetic diversity of nectar‐rewarding Platanthera chlorantha and nectarless Cephalanthera rubra

We examined the genetic diversity of two orchid species, the nectar‐rewarding Platanthera chlorantha and the nectarless Cephalanthera rubra, in north‐eastern Poland. We found lower differences in genetic diversity between the species than we expected. The level of genetic variation at species level was lower in C. rubra (P_POL = 14%, A = 1.14 and H_E = 0.060) than in P. chlorantha (P_POL = 25.5%, A = 1.35 and H_E = 0.078). In the majority of populations of both species a high proportion of unique genotypes was noted. The overall F_ST values for all populations were moderate and similar for both species (P. chlorantha: 0.251, P < 0.001; C. rubra: 0.267, P < 0.001). No relationship was found between genetic and geographical distances in either species (P > 0.05, Mantel test). We discuss the breeding systems, small population size and population subdivision as the most important factors affecting the genetic diversity of this species. We suggest that conservation programmes should be initiated to maintain or even increase the fitness and genetic variation of populations of both species. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013 , 171 , 751–763.     

Spiradiclis densa sp. nov. (Rubiaceae) from limestone areas in Guangxi,China

A new species of Rubiaceae, Spiradiclis densa, is described and illustrated from southwestern China. It is similar to S. tomentosa, but differs in the elliptic or oblong leaf blades, distylous flowers and inner sides of corolla tube with dense pubescence near throat. The conservation status of the new species is preliminarily assessed as ‘Vulnerable’ according to IUCN categories and criteria.     

Pterygiella trichosepala (Orobanchaceae), sp. nov. from Yunnan,southwest China

Pterygiella trichosepala (Orobanchaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species endemic to Yunnan, southwest China. It grows in calcareous grasslands or scrubs at elevations of 2000–2600 m a.s.l. This new species is closely related to P. nigrescens Oliv., but clearly differs from the latter by being pilose–hirsute throughout, with stems simple or rarely branched, 10–30 cm tall, and leaves 10–20 mm long and 3–6 mm wide (with L/W ratio 3.5–5.0), racemose inflorescences, and calyx 13–20 mm long and 8–13 mm in diameter; moreover its seed micromorphological features are significantly different from those of P. nigrescens.     

Floral longevity and nectar secretion of Platanthera chlorantha (Custer) Rchb. (Orchidaceae)

Flowering and nectar secretion were studied in Platanthera chlorantha in two years. Nectar was secreted and accumulated in this orchid's spur, originating from part of the labellum. The nectary spur was, on average, 32 mm long. It produced 6.86 micro l nectar in 1999 and 7.84 micro l in 2000. The number of flowers per inflorescence and the volume of nectar secreted per flower were not correlated. Nectar secretion and flower longevity differed depending on pollination and flower position in the inflorescence. Among pairs of pollinated and unpollinated flowers there was no difference in the volume of nectar produced; however, the life span of pollinated flowers was shorter than that of unpollinated ones. Within an inflorescence, the lowest-positioned flowers had the largest nectar production and the longest life compared with flowers positioned higher up.     

Onobrychis dushanbensis sp. nov. endemic to Tajikistan

Onobrychis dushanbensis Ranjbar, Vitek & Karamian, a new Fabaceae species endemic to Tajikistan, is described and illustrated. The new species belongs to Onobrychis Miller subgen. Sisyrosema (Bunge) Grossheim sect. Hymenobrychis DC. It is closely related to O. chorassanica Bunge and O. seravschanica B. Fedtsch., but is easily distinguished by its purple flowers with darker venation (vs yellowish with purple venation), with wings 9–10 mm long (vs wings 4–5 mm long) and bracts 14–15 mm long (vs bracts 4–5 mm long). The relationships between the new and closely related species are discussed.