一氧化氮自由基是气血通畅的驱动力

一氧化氮（NO）自由基是气血通畅的动力之一;抗氧化剂清除氧自由基,保护NO并且能够协助NO共同促进气血通畅,预防和保护心脑血管的健康;NO和天然抗氧化剂可以延缓衰老,还可以协同预防和治疗炎症引起的损伤;包含天然抗氧化剂的中草药,促进气血通畅,溶化血栓,是中草药通过一氧化氮自由基活血化瘀的机理。     

天然抗氧化剂：分子机理和健康作用国际会议在北京成功召开

天然抗氧化剂：分子机理和健康作用国际会议在北京成功召开在广大科技人员的共同努力下,我国的自由基生物学和医学研究近十年得到了迅速发展。特别是具有我国特色的关于中草药有效成分中的天然抗氧化剂对自由基清除作用的研究,有些方面已经达到国际先进水平,引起国际自...     

中草药食品抗氧化剂的筛选

为了寻找质优、价廉、丰富、易得的天然食品抗氧化剂资源,本文采用“扩散板法”和“永停法”从51种中草药中筛选出了二十三种活性较强的,其中大黄、牡丹皮、老鹳草、川续断、芡实,山茱萸核、马齿苋、八角回香、千里光和鹅不食草等10种抗氧活性最强(AI>70％)。     

微生物源性抗氧化剂体外抗氧化能力的初步研究

目的:研究微生物源性抗氧化剂的体外抗氧化能力.方法:在体外分别测定微生物源性抗氧化剂、α-生育酚(Vε)、抗坏血酸(VC)、L-硫辛酸、表没食子酸儿茶素的还原能力,羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和DPPH自由基清除能力及抗脂质过氧化能力,比较微生物源性抗氧化剂与其他抗氧化剂抗氧化能力.结果:微生物源性抗氧化剂有较强的抗氧化能力,体外清除羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、DPPH自由基能力的半数有效量(EC50)分别为184.5μg、48.7μg、66.1 μg.与常见抗氧化剂相比,微生物源性抗氧化剂对氧自由基及氮自由基都有较好的清除自由基作用.结论:微生物源性抗氧化剂体外抗氧化作用明显,有进一步开发的价值.     

抗氧化植物资源的研究与开发

食品抗氧化剂是食品添加剂的一种,它能阻止或延迟食品氧化,以提高食品的稳定性和保存期。按来源可分为合成抗氧化剂和天然抗氧化剂。天然抗氧化剂主要来源于植物。近年来,从植物中寻找安全、高效的抗氧化剂成为抗氧化剂研究的热点,也取得了许多成果,还有少数品种进行...     

海洋生物抗氧化剂研究进展

综述海洋生物抗氧化剂研究现状,海洋生物抗氧化剂的种类,讨论了海洋生物抗氧化剂的抗氧化机理,展示了从海洋生物中寻找抗氧化剂的广阔前景。     

中草药抗真菌研究新进展

概括阐述了近年来国内、外关于中草药抗真菌的研究进展,归纳出其可以凭借中草药单体、中草药提取物、中草药复方及有效成份等多种形式发挥抗真菌作用,并对未来中草药抗真菌研究的方向提出展望。     

日本植物抗氧化剂的开发动向

日本植物抗氧化剂的开发动向吴文斌编译抗氧化剂是食品生产与贮藏过程中抑制氧化的必要手段。以往主要使用ＢＨＡ（叔丁基羟回香醚）、ＢＨＴ（丁基化羟基甲苯）、抗坏血酸（维生素Ｃ）、以及维生素Ｅ等。目前，对天然抗氧化剂、植物提取物抗氧化剂的研究正在兴起。兹选择...     

利用来自多技术平台数据的候选基因挖掘食物抗氧化剂共同影响基因或通路

抗氧化剂通过调节机体基因表达发挥广泛的功能,基于多种技术平台的研究文献中蕴藏大量抗氧化剂可调控的基因.探索这些基因间的关系有助于阐明抗氧剂的共同作用机理,也有助于开发新的生物标记用于抗氧化剂筛选.选择维生素C、维生素E和视黄酸等3种典型抗氧化剂为研究对象,从highwire数据库检索文献提取与它们功能相关主要基因,利用DAVID在线GO分析工具和pathway express分析工具分析其相关的GO生物过程定义及基因通路.结果表明,这3种抗氧化剂共同可调控的基因有14个,每种抗氧化剂显著相关的GO生理过程定义及基因通路具有很多相似性,涉及细胞通讯、免疫、细胞凋亡、细胞周期和多种典型信号传导通路.粘着斑是这3种抗氧化剂共同影响的基因网络,说明这3种抗氧化剂可能通过这一信号通路系统调节细胞周期调控、细胞骨架组装、粘附、迁徙、运动能力、生长调节、生存、血管生成等多方面发挥了重要作用,并以此通路为靶标抑制肿瘤发生、发展及侵袭转移.     

微生物发酵中草药的研究现状

中草药作为天然传统药物,具有纯天然、无药残、无抗药性和毒副作用小等特点,在临床医疗和日常保健中被广泛使用。微生物发酵中草药过程中,中草药经微生物产生的酶作用后,细胞壁中的纤维素、木质素等物质被降解,其活性成分得以释放;中草药活性成分酶解为小分子物质,增强药效以利于机体消化吸收。部分中草药经发酵可以降低其毒性,减少毒副作用,甚至产生新活性物质。同时中草药中的某些成分可促进微生物的生长繁殖,由此可见中草药与微生物协同作用、相辅相成。本文从发酵中草药的优势、常用微生物、应用现状、存在的问题和关键因素等方面进行综述,并对中草药发酵的应用前景进行展望。相信随着发酵技术的成熟和中草药的现代化发展,微生物发酵中草药将具有更广阔的发展潜力和应用价值。     

A new aspect of view in synthesizing new type beta-adrenoceptor blockers with ancillary antioxidant activities.

A series of vanilloid-type beta-adrenoceptor blockers derived from antioxidant traditional Chinese herbal medicines were synthesized and tested for their antioxidant and adrenoceptor antagonistic activities. They all possessed significant beta-adrenoceptor blocking activities under in vitro experiments and radioligand binding assays. In addition, some compounds were further examined in in vivo tests and produced antagonist effects matching that of propranolol and labetalol by measurements of antagonism toward (-)isoproterenol-induced tachycardia and (-)phenylephrine-induced pressor responses in anesthetized rats. Furthermore, all of the compounds had antioxidant effects inherited from their original structures. In conclusion, compound 11 had the most potent beta-adrenoceptors blocking activity, 12 and 13 possessed high cardioselectivity, whereas 14, 15 and 16 possessed additional alpha-adrenoceptor blocking activity and 15 is the most effective antioxidant of all. The antioxidant activity may be due to their alpha and beta unsaturated side chain at position 1 and ortho-substituted methoxy moiety on 4-phenoxyethylamine.     

几种常用中草药抗氧化活性研究(英文)

当归、黄芪、银杏叶、益母草、野甘草是中国传统中药材，几千年来一直为中国人民所认可，在中国和世界都具有重要的科研和药用价值。本研究采用HO·清除及对肝微粒体和亚油酸脂质过氧化抑制的方法，测定五种草药精油和水煮提取物的抗氧化活性；采用Folin—Ciocalteu试剂法测定它们的总酚含量；用肝细胞体外培养法测定它们的细胞毒性并对它们的作用机制进行分析。结果发现五种草药提取物都具有一定的抗氧化活性，尤其是益母草、野甘草、银杏叶的水煮提取物活性较强，其抗氧化活性与总酚含量存在较好的线形关系。此外，本论文还为研究这些草药的一些抗病机制提供参考依据。     

Cytoprotective properties of traditional Chinese medicinal herbal extracts in hydrogen peroxide challenged human U373 astroglia cells

Age is the leading risk factor for many of the most prevalent and devastating diseases including neurodegenerative diseases. A number of herbal medicines have been used for centuries to ameliorate the deleterious effects of ageing-related diseases and increase longevity. Oxidative stress is believed to play a role in normal ageing as well as in neurodegenerative processes. Since many of the constituents of herbal extracts are known antioxidants, it is believed that restoring oxidative balance may be one of the underlying mechanisms by which medicinal herbs can protect against ageing and cognitive decline. Based on the premise that astrocytes are key modulators in the progression of oxidative stress associated neurodegenerative diseases, 13 herbal extracts purported to possess anti-ageing properties were tested for their ability to protect U373 human astrocytes from hydrogen peroxide induced cell death. To determine the contribution of antioxidant activity to the cytoprotective ability of extracts, total phenol content and radical scavenging capacities of extracts were examined. Polygonum multiflorum, amongst others, was identified as possessing potent antioxidant and cytoprotective properties. Not surprisingly, total phenol content of extracts was strongly correlated with antioxidant capacity. Interestingly, when total phenol content and radical scavenging capacities of extracts were compared to the cytoprotective properties of extracts, only moderately strong correlations were observed. This finding suggests the involvement of multiple protective mechanisms in the beneficial effects of these medicinal herbs.     

Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of 112 traditional Chinese medicinal plants associated with anticancer

Cancer prevention and treatment using traditional Chinese medicines have attracted increasing interest. This study characterizes antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of traditional Chinese medicinal plants associated with anticancer, comprising 112 species from 50 plant families. The improved ABTS(*+) method was used to systematically assess the total antioxidant capacity (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, TEAC) of the medicinal extracts. The TEAC values and total phenolic content for methanolic extracts of herbs ranged from 46.7 to 17,323 micromol Trolox equivalent/100 g dry weight (DW), and from 0.22 to 50.3 g of gallic acid equivalent/100 g DW, respectively. A positive, significant linear relationship between antioxidant activity and total phenolic content (all R(2) values>/=0.95) showed that phenolic compounds were the dominant antioxidant components in the tested medicinal herbs. Major types of phenolic compounds from most of the tested herbs were preliminarily identified and analyzed, and mainly included phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, lignans, quinones, stilbenes, and curcuminoids. These medicinal herbs exhibited far stronger antioxidant activity and contained significantly higher levels of phenolics than common vegetables and fruits. Traditional Chinese medicinal plants associated with anticancer might be potential sources of potent natural antioxidants and beneficial chemopreventive agents.     

Antioxidant Combination Inhibits Reactive Oxygen Species Mediated Damage

We examined the preventive activity of naturally occurring antioxidants against three reactive oxygen species using a protein degradation assay. The hydroxyl, hypochlorite, and peroxynitrite radicals are typical reactive oxygen species generated in human body. Previously, we found that hydrophobic botanical antioxidants exhibited specific antioxidant activity against hydroxyl radicals, whereas anserine and carnosine mixture, purified from chicken extract and vitamin C, exhibited antioxidant activities against hypochlorite and peroxynitrite radicals respectively. Since ethanol, used as a solvent in the experiments, also showed an antioxidant action against the hydroxyl radical, we re-assessed antioxidant activities using aqueous solutions of botanical antioxidants. Among the seven hydrophobic antioxidants examined, ferulic acid exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity against the hydroxyl radical. An antioxidant preparation of anserine-carnosine mixture, vitamin C, and ferulic acid prevented oxidative stress by reactive oxygen species. Loss of deformability in human erythrocytes and protein degradation caused by reactive oxygen species were completely inhibited.     

Antioxidant polyphenols from the mycelial culture of the medicinal fungi Inonotus xeranticus and Phellinus linteus

Aims:  The medicinal fungi Inonotus xeranticus and Phellinus linteus in the family Hymenochaetaceae have been used as traditional medicines for the treatment of various diseases. However, the compound responsible for the antioxidant activity is still unknown. Therefore, this study was conducted to characterize the antioxidant substances present in cultured broths made from these fungi.
Methods and Results:  Antioxidant fractions of the cultured broths obtained from I. xeranticus and P. linteus were analysed using reversed-phase HPLC, which revealed several peaks that exhibited a potent free radical scavenging activity. To identify these antioxidant peaks, an I. xeranticus strain was mass-cultured, and the cultured broth was separated using antioxidant activity-guided fractionation. Four major active substances were purified and identified as hispidin and its dimers, 3,14'-bihispidinyl, hypholomine B, and 1,1-distyrylpyrylethan based on spectroscopic analyses. All compounds exhibited a significant scavenging activity against these radical species in a concentration-dependent manner.
Conclusions:  Antioxidant substances found in the cultured broths of the medicinal fungi I. xeranticus and P. linteus were identified as hispidin and its dimers, 3,14'-bihispidinyl, hypholomine B, and 1,1-distyrylpyrylethan.
Significance and Impact of the Study:  Polyphenol antioxidants were isolated from the cultured broth of the medicinal fungi I. xeranticus and P. linteus and identified based on extensive spectroscopic analyses. These compounds exhibited a strong antioxidant activity.     

中药治疗骨质疏松症的现状及展望

采用西药治疗骨质疏松症存在着毒性大、价格昂贵等问题,迄今为止还没一个有效且毒副作用小的骨质疏松症治疗药物。中国古代本草书籍中记载着大量对骨科疾患有疗效的中草药,积累了大量的临床经验。从中草药中寻找抗骨质疏松症药物成为研究热点课题,在中医理论指导下开发此类中药是切实可行的。     

In vivo effects of pentoxifylline on enzyme and non-enzyme antioxidant levels in rat liver after carrageenan-induced paw inflammation

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on the carrageenan (CG)-induced paw oedema and on the endogenous levels of cell enzyme and non-enzyme antioxidants in rat liver, 4 and 24 h after CG injection. PTX (50 mg kg(-1) , i.p.), administered 30 min before CG, decreased the paw oedema, 2-4 h after CG administration. The drug protected CG-induced decrease of glutathione (non-enzyme antioxidant) and had no effect on CG-unchanged activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase (enzyme antioxidants) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (enzyme, important for the activity of GSH-conjugated antioxidant enzymes). The drug showed a good antioxidant capacity in chemical systems, generating reactive oxygen species. The present results suggest that the antioxidant activity of PTX might contribute to its beneficial effects in liver injuries.     

五味中草药对乳酸菌生长及保存活力的影响

目的:体外实验测定中草药对常见乳酸菌生长及保存活性的影响,为解决微生态制剂的开发及合理服用中草药提供理论依据.方法:采用牛津杯琼脂点扩散交叉拮抗试验和菌落计数的方法,体外实验金银花、鱼腥草、青蒿、板蓝根、黄连五味常用的清热解毒的中草药,对植物乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌及嗜热链球菌3种常见乳酸菌的生长和保存活性的影响.结果:1%和2%的金银花、青蒿对植物乳杆菌及嗜酸乳杆菌的生长和保存活性表现出明显的促进作用,鱼腥草的作用受其浓度的影响,而黄连和板蓝根对它们的生长和保存有一定抑制作用.五味中草药对嗜热链球菌生长都表现出明显抑制作用,其中以鱼腥草最为突出.结论:不同种类、浓度的中草药对各乳酸菌生长及保存活性的影响效果不同.     

Effect of Ligustrum lucidum and Schisandra chinensis on the egg production, antioxidant status and immunity of laying hens during heat stress

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two plants belonging to Chinese herbal medicines, Ligustrum lucidum (LL) and Schisandra chinensis (SC), on the laying performance, antioxidant status and immunity of hens during heat stress. The results showed that diets supplement with 1% of either LL or SC had beneficial effects on egg production and FCR of hens during heat stress (p < 0.05), compared with the control group. Either LL or SC significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration of heart, liver, sera and egg yolk. In addition, glutathione reductase (GR) activity of tissues and sera of the birds was significantly elevated by supplementation LL or SC. Furthermore, LL or SC supplementation significantly elevated lymphoblastogenese of the birds and the antibody values against Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The results suggest that diets supplement with 1% of either LL or SC may enhance egg production, immune function, and antioxidant status of hens during heat stress.