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1.
糖尿病(diabetes mellitus, DM)是一种慢性内分泌代谢性疾病,氧化应激的增加是糖尿病的一个重要因素,氧化应激也被认为是导致糖尿病病程变化的关键因素。硒作为一种功能性的微量元素,以硒蛋白的形式(如谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、硫氧还蛋白氧化还原酶)体现其生理功能,硒蛋白作为抗氧化蛋白在糖尿病的氧化应激机制中发挥重要的调节作用,参与抗氧化的主要环节。本文主要介绍硒在糖尿病中抗氧化的相关作用,为硒在预防和治疗糖尿病中的应用提供理论基础。  相似文献   

2.
2型糖尿病发生发展的分子机制研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
吴家睿 《生命科学》2006,18(5):411-413
1糖尿病的特征及其危害糖尿病(diabetes)是一种与胰岛素产生和作用异常相关、以高血糖症为主要特征的代谢性疾病,包括以胰岛素绝对缺乏为主的1型糖尿病及以胰岛素相对缺乏和胰岛素抵抗为主的2型糖尿病两种类型。目前,糖尿病在世界范围内已成为继心脑血管疾病、肿瘤之后严重危害  相似文献   

3.
长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,LncRNA)是不编码蛋白质RNA的一种,它的长度一般超过200bp。最初这些LncRNA未发现有生物学功能,而被认为是基因转录的“噪音”,但越来越多的研究表明LncRNA是一类新的功能性RNA,可以通过与蛋白质、染色质和其他RNA的相互作用来调节人体多种生物功能。糖尿病是一种以慢性高血糖为主要特征的代谢性疾病,并且糖尿病并发症较多,严重威胁着人类的健康。近年来的研究显示LncRNA参与糖尿病的病理过程,与糖尿病并发症的发生密切相关。本文主要探究LncRNA与糖尿病及其并发症的关系,为糖尿病的研究和治疗提供理论依据。  相似文献   

4.
垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活肽(PACAP)是近年新发现的神经多肽,属于促胰液素/胰高血糖素/血管活性肽(VIP)家族中的新成员,广泛分布于脑和外周组织器官,尤其在内分泌胰腺、性腺、呼吸和生殖系统,在能量代谢、神经保护、免疫系统等发挥重要生理学功能。糖尿病是一种常见的主要以高血糖为特征的慢性代谢性疾病,糖尿病并发症日益严重威胁着人们的身体健康,已成为导致糖尿病患者致死、致残的主要原因。主要对PACAP治疗糖尿病及其并发症国内外研究的最新进展进行论述。  相似文献   

5.
黄恒洁 《蛇志》2004,16(3):70-72
糖尿病是以血糖增高为主要特征的临床综合征,是一种慢性代谢性疾病,是目前尚不能根治、需终身治疗的疾病.因糖尿病是慢性终身疾病,大多数患者要院外治疗.  相似文献   

6.
糖尿病是一种以高血糖为特征的代谢性疾病,主要分为Ⅰ型糖尿病、Ⅱ型糖尿病和妊娠糖尿病等3类。Ⅱ型糖尿病患者众多,占糖尿病患者总数的90%~95%,因而成为研究热点。同时,Ⅱ型糖尿病也因其发病因素多、发病过程复杂而成为研究的难点。我们从代谢相关酶与血糖调节相关信号通路2个方面,回顾了近年来在Ⅱ型糖尿病发病机制与治疗领域的研究进展,为探讨Ⅱ型糖尿病的发病机制及治疗靶点提供一些理论依据。  相似文献   

7.
糖尿病(DM)是以糖代谢失常的一种常见疾病,以高血糖为主要标志,其中I型糖尿病多发生于青少年,因胰岛素分泌缺乏,必须依赖胰岛素治疗。2型糖尿病多见于中老年人,主要由对胰岛素不敏感(即胰岛素抵抗)所致。自1992年第一个治疗DM的特效药物胰岛素问世以来,抗糖尿病药物的研发已取得长足进展,一些基于新的作用靶点的抗糖尿病药物已进入临床前或临床研究阶段。  相似文献   

8.
抵抗素基因表达的调控因素   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
Yao X  Hu RM 《生理科学进展》2005,36(3):265-268
抵抗素是一种主要由脂肪组织分泌的多肽类激素。它与肥胖、2型糖尿病、胰岛素抵抗等疾病具有相关性,并受多种因素调控。胰岛素和抗糖尿病药物、激素、细胞因子、神经递质、营养与饮食等都参与抵抗素基因表达的调控。对抵抗素的深入研究将有助于了解胰岛素抵抗相关疾病的发病机制,为糖尿病、肥胖等的防治提供实验基础。  相似文献   

9.
糖尿病肾病是常见的糖尿病并发症之一,其发生机制与多种因素相关。集聚蛋白是一种硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖,其羧基片段与肾脏、神经肌肉及心血管系统都有密切的联系。有研究表明集聚蛋白羧基片段在血清中的浓度与判定糖尿病肾病进展的指标有密切的联系,如肾小球滤过率、肌酐、内生肌酐清除率、尿蛋白等。本文主要阐述了集聚蛋白羧基片段与糖尿病及糖尿病肾病的关系,为糖尿病及糖尿病肾病的深入研究提供重要线索。  相似文献   

10.
谢田琴  刘建萍 《生命科学》2020,32(8):837-844
糖尿病是一种以高血糖为特征的代谢性疾病,胰岛β细胞功能衰竭和胰岛素抵抗是糖尿病的主要病因。然而,目前的治疗方法,如口服抗糖尿病药物及胰岛素注射,尚不能逆转胰岛β细胞功能衰竭,而胰腺移植又受到供体来源的限制。随着干细胞与再生医学的发展,脐带间充质干细胞(umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,UC-MSCs)由于来源丰富、免疫原性低、无伦理问题等,成为治疗糖尿病的理想细胞类型。现就UC-MSCs在糖尿病治疗中的研究进展进行综述,为UC-MSCs移植治疗糖尿病的临床应用研究提供参考。  相似文献   

11.
Williams G 《Bioethics》2012,26(8):422-430
This paper considers the often-expressed fear that medical research may use children merely as means, and not respect them as ends in themselves - especially insofar as they are deemed less able to consent than adults. The main focus is on large-scale genetic, socio-medical and epidemiological research. The theoretical starting point of the paper is that to be treated as an end in oneself is to be regarded as - and to act as - a participant in cooperative endeavours. This participatory status is certainly connected with individual authority to consent and dissent; and there is no doubt that consent plays an important role when adults participate in many research projects. However, insofar as consent is located within structures of human cooperation, the authority to consent is not a straightforward privilege. Rather, consent is bound up with responsibility for one's choices and commitment to shared terms of cooperation. Given this understanding, it is argued that consent should not be our principal concern when we involve children in research. This is not because of children's (possible) incompetence to consent as such, but rather because children are still learning how to respect and assess the cooperative terms involved in our institutional lives. Instead, our leading concern should be with the terms regulating their involvement in research. Given suitable safeguards, research is one way in which children may learn what it is to bear responsibilities and to act as an end in oneself - that is, to cooperate with others on reasonable terms and for worthy ends.  相似文献   

12.
记述了采自黑龙江、吉林、辽宁和湖北省小腹茧蜂属M.icrogaster Latreille,18042新种,短管小腹茧蜂M.breviterebrae sp.nov.和长距小腹茧蜂M.longicalcar sp.nov.。短管小腹茧蜂M.breviterebrae sp.nov.(♀)与M.grandis相似,但以下特征可以区别:1)翅痣下方具暗斑(后者无);2)触角端前节长为宽的1.2倍(后者为2倍);3)头顶光滑(后者具皱纹);4)腹部第3背板光滑(后者具皱状刻点);5)后足胫节黑色(后者红黄色)。采自黑龙江镜泊湖、吉林长春、辽宁(阜新、大连、沈阳)。长距小腹茧蜂M.longicalcar sp.nov.(♀)与短管小腹茧蜂M.breviterebrae sp.nov.相似,但以下特征可以区别:1)1—RS脉长为1—M脉1/2(后者为1/3);2)r脉与翅痣宽等长(后者明显短于翅痣宽);3)后足胫节内距长为基跗节6/7(后者为1/2);4)产卵管鞘长为后足胫节1/2(后者为1/3);5)前后单眼间距与单眼直径等长(后者短于单眼直径)。采自湖北房县。本文附中国小腹茧蜂属分种检索表。模式标本均保存在浙江大学植保系寄生蜂标本室。  相似文献   

13.
巴西人参原产于南美洲,当地人把它当做具有壮阳、增强体质等作用的草药。巴西人参已在我国广西、浙江等地引种栽培成功,现代研究发现,其主要含有三萜和三萜皂苷类、甾体类等多种化学成分,具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、保护胃黏膜等药理活性。本文通过对近年来巴西人参的研究情况进行综述,阐明已有的化学物质基础和药理作用,为其进一步的深入研究和开发提供理论依据。  相似文献   

14.
巴西人参原产于南美洲,当地人把它当做具有壮阳、增强体质等作用的草药。巴西人参已在我国广西、浙江等地引种栽培成功,现代研究发现,其主要含有三萜和三萜皂苷类、甾体类等多种化学成分,具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、保护胃黏膜等药理活性。本文通过对近年来巴西人参的研究情况进行综述,阐明已有的化学物质基础和药理作用,为其进一步的深入研究和开发提供理论依据。  相似文献   

15.
Our society is highly depending on petroleum for its activities. About 90% is used as an energy source for transportation and for generation of heat and electricity and the remaining as feedstocks in the chemical industry. However, petroleum is a finite source as well as causing several environmental problems such as rising carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Petroleum therefore needs to be replaced by alternative and sustainable sources. Plant oils and oleochemicals derived from them represent such alternative sources, which can deliver a substantial part of what is needed to replace the petroleum used as feedstocks.  相似文献   

16.
基于神经网络和遗传算法的木糖醇发酵培养基优化研究   总被引:22,自引:2,他引:20  
发酵过程机理复杂、影响因素众多。菌种的生理生化特性及发酵的工艺确定之后 ,适宜的培养基配方成了发酵水平、原料成本高低的决定因素。为了优化培养基配方 ,采用遗传算法是一种行之有效的方法。遗传算法 (GA)是基于达尔文进化论和孟德尔遗传学说来实现随机、自适应、并行性全局搜索的一种无须数学模型的优化算法。与其它搜索方法相比 ,GA的优越性主要有 :(1)在搜索过程中GA不易陷入局部最优 ,即使所定义的目标函数非连续、不规则或伴有噪声 ,它也能以很大的概率找到全局最优解 ;(2 )由于GA固有的并行性 ,使得它非常适合于大规模并…  相似文献   

17.
Nitric oxide (NO) is related to various physiological effects as well as to numerous diseases caused by accentuation of NO production. Measurement of NO in cells and tissues is difficult as NO readily reacts with other molecules; furthermore, its half‐life as a radical is fleeting. Currently, many NO pharmaceuticals are marketed as therapeutic agents for ischemic disease. Consequently, the identification of NO radicals and determination of generation rate from pharmaceuticals is very important when the effect of the medicinal supply is estimated. In this study, we developed a fluorometric assay for NO employing sesamol (3,4‐methylenedioxyphenol) as a fluorometric substrate. Sesamol is converted to a fluorescent derivative (ex. 365 nm, em. 447 nm), which is dimmer in the presence of NO. The detection limit of NO with this method is 400 fmol; moreover, NO generated from drugs can be measured. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

18.
Insects in biodiversity conservation: some perspectives and directives   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
The Insecta is the most speciose class in the Animal Kingdom. The insect-plant relationship is the dominant biotic interaction, yet plants have many times the biomass of all animals together. The functional significance of insects is enormous, owing to the large numbers of individuals and great intra-and interspecific variety. Lack of human appreciation of importance, coupled with the general disregard and dislike of insects, is an enormous perception impediment to their conservation. This impediment coupled with the taxonomic impediment (at most only about 7–10% of insects are scientifically described) must be overcome for realistic biodiversity conservation. As it is not possible to know all the species relative to the rate at which they are becoming extinet, it is essential to conserve as many biotopes and landscapes as possible. These would be for typical species and communities, as well as for endemic sinks. It is also essential to preserve speciesdynamo areas as an insurance for future biodiversity. Preserved areas must also be linked by movement and gene-flow corridors as much as possible. Recognition, functional importance, taxic uniqueness, typicalness, genetic variation and important behavioural traits place much more emphasis on qualitative biodiversity conservation than on quantitative approaches. Ecological entomologists play a significant double role, suppressing noxious populations on crops, livestock and other products, while at the same time identifying and using beneficial species. There are well-known inherent and environmental risks with many traditional control methods and high risks with the use of genetically engineered biopesticide baculoviruses. Preservation technologies, where individuals are held in suspended animation, must be developed soon. However, such technologies, as with restoration activities such as site restoration, captive breeding, reintroductions and translocations, all require considerable knowledge and economic iput to be predictably successful. Ecological restoration involves so many biotic and abiotic interactions in even the simplest of communities, that predictiveness under all potential conditions is virtually unattainable. Instead, there should be strong focus on the preservation and conservation of as many, and as large as possible, pristine and near-pristine unique and typical landscapes as soon as possible.  相似文献   

19.
Transport of Compatible Solutes in Extremophiles   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Salt-tolerant as well as moderately halophilic and halophilic organisms have to maintain their turgor. One strategy is to accumulate small organic compounds, compatible solutes, by de novo synthesis or uptake. From a bioenergetic point of view, uptake is preferred over biosynthesis. The transport systems catalyzing uptake of compatible solutes are of primary or secondary nature and coupled to ATP hydrolysis or ion (H+, Na+) symport. Expression of the transporter genes as well as the activity of the transporters is regulated by salinity/osmolarity and one of the key questions is how salinity or osmolarity is sensed and the signal transmitted as far as to gene expression and transporter activation. Recent studies shed light on the nature and the activation mechanisms of solute transporters in extremophiles, and this review summarizes current knowledge on the structure, function and osmo- or salt-regulation of transporters for compatible solutes in extremophiles.  相似文献   

20.
Early preimplantation mouse embryos are susceptible to the detrimental effects of increased osmolarity and, paradoxically, their in vitro development is significantly compromised by osmolarities near that of oviductal fluid. In vitro development can be restored, however, by several compounds that are accumulated by 1-cell embryos to act as organic osmolytes, providing intracellular osmotic support and cell volume regulation. Taurine, a substrate of the beta-amino acid transporter that functions as an organic osmolyte transporter in other cells, had been proposed to function as an organic osmolyte in mouse embryos. Here, however, we found that taurine is neither able to provide protection for in vitro embryo development against increased osmolarity nor is it accumulated to higher intracellular levels as osmolarity is increased, indicating that it cannot function as an organic osmolyte in early preimplantation embryos. In contrast, beta-alanine, the other major substrate of the beta-amino acid transporter, both protects against increased osmolarity and is accumulated to somewhat higher levels as osmolarity is increased, indicating that it is able to function as an organic osmolyte in embryos. However, we also found that beta-alanine is displaced from embryos by glycine-the most effective organic osmolyte in embryos previously identified-and beta-alanine does not increase protection above that afforded by glycine at concentrations near those in vivo. Thus, the beta-amino acid transporter is likely present in early preimplantation embryos to supply beta-amino acids such as taurine for purposes other than to serve as organic osmolytes.  相似文献   

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