中国西北地区中国林蛙各居群的分类学研究(两栖纲:蛙科)

采用形态学比较和数值分类相结合,对中国西北部分布地中国林蛙Ｒａｎａ ｃｈｅｎｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ各居群间（包括分布于青藏庙的地区的原定种或亚种）的差差水平进行了探讨。结果认为：分布于中国西北部高原地区的各居群其形态特征和数值分析这〖其中包括原定名为Ｒａｎａ ａｍｕｒｅｎｓｉｓ ｋｕｋｕｎｏｒｉｓ（Ｎｉｋｏｌ ｓｋｉｉ,１９１８,青海湖）,Ｒ．ｗｅｉｇｏｌｉｄ（Ｖｏｇｔ,１９２４,四川甘孜和德格）,Ｒ．     

太岳山丘陵地带中国林蛙成体的肥满度和某些器官系数的季节变化

太岳山丘陵地带中国林蛙成体的肥满度和某些器官系数的季节变化卢欣（山西省生物研究所,太原０３０００６）ＳｅａｓｏｎａｌＶａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆＡｄｕｌｔ’ｓＣｏｒｐｕｌｅｎｃｅＤｅｇｒｅｅａｎｄＯｔｈｃｒＯｒｇａｎｓ’ＩｎｄｉｃｅｓｏｆＣｏｍｍｏｎＦｒｏｇｓｉｎＴａｉｙｕｃＭｏｕｎｔａｉｎＩＩｉｌｌｙＬａｎｄｓ￥．ＬｕＸｉｎ（ＳｈａｎｘｉＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＢｉｏｌｏｇｙ,Ｔａｉｙｕａｎ０３０００６）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏ－ｇｙ,１９９３,１２（４）：３３－３５．ＩｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｏｎｓｗｅｒｅｃａｒｒｉｅｄｏｕｔｆｒｏｒｎＦｅｂｒｕａｒｙ１９８９ｔｏＡｐｒｉｌ１９９０ｉｎＴａｉｙｕｅｍｏｕｎｔａｉｎｏｆＳｈａｎｘｉｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ．Ｔｈｅａｄｕｌｔ＇ｓｃｏｒｐｕｌｅｎｃｅｄｅｇｒｅｅｏｆｃｏｍｍｏｎｆｒｏｇｓｉｓｈｉｇｈｅｒｄｕｒｉｎｇｈｉｂｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｉｄｌｏｗｅｓｔｉｎＭａｙａｎｄＪｕｎｅ,ａｎｄｔｈａｔｏｆｍａｌｅｓｉｓｓｉｇｎｌｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙｈｉｇｈｅｒｔｈａｎｆｅｍａｌｅｓ’（ｅｘｃｅｐｔｉｎＡｕｇｕｓｔ）．ＤｕｒｉｎｇＡｐｒｉｌ－Ａｕｇｕｓｔ,ｔｈｅｃｏｅｆ－     

中国特有两栖动物研究1.山东半岛林蛙的生活史

生活史的研究可以为系统发育研究和珍稀濒危物种的保护和管理对策的制定提供参考资料。林蛙是我国分布比较广泛而复杂多样的一个类群,在山东半岛的昆嵛山和崂山,分别分布有昆嵛林蛙（Rana kunyuensis）和中国林蛙（R．chensinensis）。本文报道我们从1997年到2006年,对这两种林蛙在山东半岛的地理分布、繁殖习性、蝌蚪特征和生长发育以及冬眠等方面的调查和观察研究结果。结果表明昆嵛林蛙和分布于崂山的中国林蛙尽管在栖息地生境方面比较相似,但在生活史方面表现出较大的不同。     

贵州省悬钩子属种质资源考察

对贵州省东北、东南、西南和西北４个地区悬钩子属（ＲｕｂｒｓＬ．）野生种类的分布、生长习性等进行了调查。共采集５５种７个变种,其中Ｒ．ｇｒａｙａｎｕｓ,Ｒ．ｍａｌｌｏｔｉｆｏｌｉｕｓ,Ｒ．ｔｓａｎｇｖｒｕｓ,Ｒ．ｆａｂｅｒｉ,Ｒ．ｈｅｎｒｙｉ为贵州省新记录种。Ｒ．ｓｅｔｃｈｕｅｎｅｎｓｉｓＲ．ｃｏｒｅａｎｕｓ,Ｒ．ｃｏｒｃｈｏｒｉｆｏｌｉｕｓ,Ｒ．ｌａｍｂｅｒｔｉａｎｕｓ,Ｒ．ｎｉｖｅｕｓ,Ｒ．ｍｕｌｌｉｂｒａｃｔｅａｔｕｓ,Ｒ．ｔｅｐｈｒｏｄｅｓ分布最广。除Ｒ．ｓｅｔｃｈｕｅｎｅｎｓｉｓ,Ｒ．ｔｅｐｈｒｏｄｅｓ外均有驯化利用价值。调查发现,具红、黄、黑三种不同果色的插田泡,秋季结果的小柱悬钩子、红泡刺藤和大乌泡。基本查清了贵州省悬钩子属植物的种类和分布,为进一步引种、保存和发掘利用提供科学依据。     

环渤海区域林蛙资源及其保护

目的对环渤海区域进行物种多样性的调查研究,通过本研究为这一区域的林蛙保护提供科学依据。方法根据多年来的野外调查,结合已有研究进行分析评估。结果本区域分布林蛙有6种,其中黑龙江林蛙、徂徕林蛙和昆嵛林蛙分布区域狭窄,徂徕林蛙和昆嵛林蛙不仅是中国的特有种,也仅分布于本区域的山东省。林蛙作为重要的自然资源,药用价值巨大,养殖产业不断发展。随着养殖业的发展,林蛙保护问题日显突出。结论环渤海区域是中国林蛙属物种多样性最为丰富的地区,也是东北林蛙养殖的主要地区,应加强保护和合理开发利用。     

中国齿裂菌属研究IV.*

报道我国齿裂菌属的 ５个分类单元,其中多角齿裂菌 Ｃｏｃｃｏｍｙｃｅｓ　ｍｕｔｔａｎｇｕｌａｒｉｓ Ｙ． Ｒ．Ｌｉｎ　＆ Ｚ． Ｚ． Ｌｉ ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ,中国齿裂菌 Ｃ ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｙ． Ｒ Ｌｉｎ　＆ 　Ｚ． Ｚ． Ｌｉ ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．和山矾齿裂菌 Ｃｓｙｍｐｌｏｃｉ　Ｙ．Ｒ　Ｌｉｎ　＆　ｚ．ｚ．Ｌｉ　ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．是新种,辐射状齿裂菌Ｃｒａｄｉａｔｕｓ　Ｓｈｅｒｗ为中国新记录。提供了新种的拉丁文简介、汉文描述和形态特征图。模式标本存放在安徽农业大学森林保护教研室（ＡＡＵＦＰ）。     

从细胞色素b基因序列探讨我国林蛙属动物的系统发生关系

对中国林蛙属动物进行了DNA水平的分子系统发生研究,测定了中国林蛙属7种15个样品,侧褶蛙属2种2个样品Cyt b基因长约360bp片段的序列。对这些序列的系统发生分析表明：（1）中国林蛙甘肃种群与东北种群序列差异较大,但尚难根据序列差异来判断它们是不同的亚种还是不同的物种;（2）7种林蛙中,中国林蛙与黑龙江林蛙的亲缘关系最近,与桓仁林蛙最远;（3）支持将昭觉林蛙,镇海林蛙,峨眉林蛙和长肢林蛙归入日本林蛙种组Rana japonica group。     

人工封沟养蛙若干技术问题的探讨

人工封沟养蛙若干技术问题的探讨傅立中,张新田,王宝贵,王建军（吉林省农业科学院公主岭１３６１００）中国林蛙（ＲａｎａＣｈａｎｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）俗称哈士螟、油蛤螟,属于两栖纲、蛙科、蛙属的珍贵经济动物。我省人工封沟养殖林蛙始于８０年代初,近几年来,封沟...     

辽宁蛙科一新种：无尾目

１９８６－１９８７年４月在辽宁省桓仁县采到２５只成蛙。其鉴别特征为,头宽大于头长;鼓膜约为眼径的１／２;背侧褶细而折曲;胫长于足;趾间全蹼,缺刻浅;雄性无声囊,无雄性线。此蛙与林蛙其它种均有明显区别,故定为新种,桓仁林蛙Ｒａｎａ ｈｕａｎｒｅｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．     

东北产三种林蛙血细胞的比较研究

应用Wright染色法对桓仁林蛙、东北林蛙和黑龙江林蛙的血细胞进行比较,将所得数据用SPSS软件统计。结果表明：桓仁林蛙、东北林蛙、黑龙江林蛙的血细胞形态、数量上存在差别,这可能与其生活环境和分类地位密切相关。     

中国林蛙的分类及分布

目的中国林蛙(Rana chensinensis David,1875)是我国林蛙属分布最为广泛的特有种,在上一世纪对其分类问题多有争议,曾被认为广布于中国、蒙古、俄罗斯、日本和朝鲜半岛等。随着对其分类地位的确定,其分布范围也发生了很大变化。为了保护和可持续利用这一重要资源,本文对其分类研究历史和分布进行了总结。方法通过收集、整理和分析研究文献,结合本实验室多年来掌握的野外资料,进行系统的总结。结果中国林蛙自1875年由戴维(中文名为谭卫道)命名以来,曾被划归欧洲林蛙的亚种,并将多种其他林蛙归并入其下。1981年,经过细胞分类学研究,正式恢复为有效种,随后进一步划分出5个亚种。直至本世纪初,经过进一步的分类学研究,厘清了其与东北林蛙和西北林蛙的关系,从而确定其为仅分布于中国的特有种。在此基础上,对其分布也进行了重新确立。结论中国林蛙隶属于蛙科林蛙属中国林蛙种组,目前没有种下分化和亚种形成,分布于我国华北、华中及其周边地区,分布海拔不高于2500m。     

Genetic relationships among Korean brown frog species (Anura,Ranidae), with special reference to evolutionary divergences between two allied species Rana dybowskii and R. huanrenensis

Allozyme analysis for 41 populations of brown frog species, Rana dybowskii, R. huanrenensis, and R. amurensis from Korea and three reference species (Chinese R. chensinensis and Japanese R. dybowskii and R. tsushimensis), were performed to clarify taxonomic status of Korean brown frogs. The level of average genetic differentiation (Nei's D) among local populations of each species in Korea was very low (D<0.01 2) and Korean and Japanese R. dybowskii also showed conspecific level of differentiation (D=0.070). Whereas, much larger, discrete genetic differences were detected in the interspecific comparisons (D>0.370). In the genetic relationships among five species examined, the 24 chromosome brown frogs (R. dybowskii, R. huanrenensis, and R. chensinensis) did not form a monophyletic group. Rana dybowskii with the chromosome number of 2n=24 was grouped together with R. amurensis with the chromosome number of 2n=26. The hypothesis of reversal change from 24 to 26 in Korean R. amurensis seems to better explain the phylogenetic relationships of east Asian brown frogs than the assumption of parallel reduction in chromosome number from 2n=26 to 24 in R. dybowskii and in the common ancestor of R. huanrenensis and R. chensinensis. The genetic, morphological, and reproductive divergences between Korean R. dybowskii and R. huanrenensis were compared.     

中国林蛙的分子系统关系

测定了 6种林蛙和用作外群的 2种侧褶蛙和 1种陆蛙的线粒体 12SrRNA基因序列 393bp。序列两两对位比较表明内外群间的位点替换率是 7 3%到 2 3 1% ,内群中物种间则为 0 0 %到 9 2 %。依据上述DNA序列 ,用距离法和最大简约法的系统发育分析表明 :①研究的 6种林蛙聚为一支 ,构成单系群 ,并有高的BPs值(90 %以上 )支持 ;② 6种林蛙可以分成 2个姐妹群 ,即中国林蛙、黑龙江林蛙和桓仁林蛙为一组 (BPs >94% ) ,峨眉林蛙、昭觉林蛙和镇海林蛙为一组 (BPs >5 0 % ) ;③昭觉林蛙与镇海林蛙有较近的亲缘关系 ;④中国林蛙的榆中种群与牡丹江种群间的遗传分化似乎达到了种级分化水平。     

桓仁林蛙与东北林蛙蝌蚪的形态特征及比较

桓仁林蛙（Rana huanrenensis Liu,Zhang,＆ Liu,1993）为一种与东北林蛙（Rana dybowskii）同域分布的林蛙,但其分布区域较狭窄.通过对其蝌蚪的形态特征描述及测量相关的形态学量度并和东北林蛙比较,发现在体色、体型、尾部形态以及身体各部位量度比值等方面存在显著性差异.桓仁林蛙的蝌蚪外形与流水型的蝌蚪相类似,而东北林蛙的蝌蚪则属于典型的静水型蝌蚪.     

Evidence for chromosome number reduction and chromosomal homosequentiality in the 24-chromosome Korean frog Rana dybowskii and related species

The karyotype of the Korean frog Rana dybowskii with its pattern of C-band heterochromatin distribution was numerically analyzed. There are 2n = 24 chromosomes in the karyotype representing a reduction in number from the typical 2n = 26 chromosome karyotype of Rana. The karyotype shows other evidence of reorganization relative to 26-chromosome species. The chromosomes grade smoothly in size from largest to smallest without the two size classes that are characteristic for 26-chromosome species. In contrast to many 26-chromosome species, there are few centromeric C-bands but many interstitial ones. C-bands for each homologous chromosome pair are distinctive. A prominent secondary constriction is located on one of the smallest chromosomes, chromosome 11, in a position similar to that seen in most 26-chromosome species. The karyotype of R. dybowskii is compared to those of other species of Rana known to have 2n = 24 chromosomes; it is most similar to that of R. chensinensis, less so that of R. ornativentris and less still to that of R. arvalis in terms of the positions of centromeres and secondary constrictions. C-bands as well as secondary constrictions in the karyotypes of these frogs show evidence of chromosomal homosequentiality. The process and possible consequences of chromosome number reduction from an ancestral 26-chromosome karyotype is also evident in the karyotypes of these closely allied palearctic frogs. Pericentric inversions followed by fusion of two small elements apparently produced a new chromosome, chromosome 6, occurring originally among northeast Asian populations.     

Phylogenetic relationships of the Chinese brown frogs (genus Rana) inferred from partial mitochondrial 12S and 16S rRNA gene sequences

Based on partial sequences of the 12S and 16S ribosomal RNA genes, we estimated phylogenetic relationships among brown frogs of the Rana temporaria group from China. From the phylogenetic trees obtained, we propose to include Rana zhengi in the brown frogs. Monophyly of the brown frogs was not unambiguously supported, but four well-supported clades (A, B, C, and D) always emerged, although relationships among them remained unresolved. Clade A contained brown frogs with 24 chromosomes and was split into two distinct subclades (Subclade A-1: R. chensinensis and R. huanrenensis; Subclade A-2: R. dybowskii). Polytomous relationships among populations of R. chensinensis and R. huanrenensis suggested the necessity of further taxonomic assessment. Rana kunyuensis proved to be the sister group to R. amurensis, and these two species formed Clade B. Clade C was composed of R. omeimontis and R. chaochiaoensis, and Clade D included R. sauteri, which has been placed in other ranid genera. These relationships did not change after adding published data, and monophyly of Subclade A-1, A-2, and other East Asian brown frogs with 24 chromosomes (R. pirica and R. ornativentris) was ascertained, though their relationships were unresolved. Clade C, together with R. japonica and R. longicrus, also formed a monophyletic group. Brown frogs related to Clades A and C were estimated to have dispersed from continental Asia to adjacent regions through multiple events.     

林蛙卵油的提取研究

利用林蛙卵提取林蛙卵油,并对影响林蛙卵油提取率的因素,如提取溶剂的选择、提取温度、提取时间及提取料液比等条件进行研究,通过正交试验确定获得最大林蛙卵油产率的条件。即:以石油醚(30~60)作为提取剂;提取温度65℃;提取时间为4 h;提取料液比为1:9。并对提制的林蛙卵粗油进行精制。得到具有透明黄色,鱼腥味道的林蛙卵油。     

内蒙古扎兰屯地区发现中国林蛙（无尾目：蛙科）

2016年4月,采集内蒙古呼伦贝尔市扎兰屯地区的林蛙,经形态学(形态描述、体型大小)和分子生物学鉴定,确定该物种为中国林蛙(Rana chensinensis)。研究结果重新证实了中国林蛙在内蒙古呼伦贝尔地区的分布,扩展了对中国林蛙分布范围的认识。     

河北省(含京、津)中国林蛙六个居群的比较研究

用体尺测量结合聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 分析法,对河北省（含京、津）６个居群的中国林蛙从形态学和同工酶谱带两方面进行比较。结果表明,６个居群中国林蛙的个体大小随纬度的增高而增大,无明显种属差异性;与东北产中国林蛙在形态和同工酶谱带方面则存在一定差异。