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1.
珠江口水域夏季小型底栖生物群落结构   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
袁俏君  苗素英  李恒翔  于秀娟  唐玲  严岩 《生态学报》2012,32(19):5962-5971
于2010年8月在珠江口水域进行小型底栖生物取样分析,结果表明,该调查水域夏季小型底栖生物的平均丰度为(183±174)个/10 cm2,平均生物量为(345±334)μg干重/10 cm2,平均生产量为(3104±3008)μg干重/10 cm2。共鉴定出小型底栖生物16个类群,按丰度,自由生活海洋线虫和双壳类幼体为优势类群,其丰度分别占调查水域小型底栖生物总丰度的62.61%和22.62%。按生物量,优势类群由双壳类幼体(50.57%)、线虫(13.33%)和多毛类(12.47%)等组成。81.15%的小型底栖生物分布在0—5 cm的沉积物中。与环境因子相关分析表明:小型底栖生物丰度、线虫丰度与温度呈显著负相关,与盐度呈显著正相关。调查水域线虫与桡足类数量的比值(N/C)呈现出由河口上游向下游递增,且西岸明显高于东岸的趋势。  相似文献   

2.
东、黄海春秋季小型底栖生物丰度和生物量研究   总被引:37,自引:6,他引:31  
《北斗号》调查船分别于 2 0 0 0年 10月和 2 0 0 1年 4月在 2 6°N至 36°N,12 0°E至 12 6°30′E东、黄海陆架浅水区调查中进行了小型底栖生物的取样。研究表明 ,两个航次 (秋季、春季 )小型底栖生物的平均丰度分别为 6 5 4 .2 5± 4 4 1.72 ind/10 cm2 和342 .0 0± 2 5 2 .0 0 ind/10 cm- 2 ,平均生物量分别为 80 7.0 6± 5 17.89μg dwt/10 cm2 和 2 85 .2 5± 173.72μg dwt/10 cm2 ;平均生产量分别为 72 6 3.5 8± 4 6 6 4 .18μg dwt/(10 cm2· a)和 2 5 6 7.2 8± 15 6 3.5 0 μg dwt/(10 m2· a)。两个航次小型生物的平面分布类似 ,即高密度和高生物量区分布在水深等深浅 5 0 m左右的站位上 ,特别是在长江口以南的浙江沿海。共鉴定出 14个小型生物类群 ,按丰度自由生活海洋线虫是最优势的类群 ,秋、春季两个航次的优势度分别为 87.2 %和 91.2 %。其他优势类群依次为底栖桡足类、多毛类和动吻类 ;按生物量优势依次为多毛类 38.1%~ 5 4 .0 % ,线虫 2 8.3%~ 38.1%和桡足类 9.0 %~ 9.4 %。垂直分布的研究表明 ,91%的小型生物分布在 0~ 5 cm的表层内 ,线虫和桡足类分布在 0~ 2 cm的比例分别为 6 3%和 86 %。相关分析表明 ,小型底栖生物的数量分布与粘土含量 (% )、粉砂粘土含量 (% )和中值粒  相似文献   

3.
长江口及其陆架春季小型底栖生物丰度和生物量   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
王小谷  王春生  张东声  洪丽莎  杨丹 《生态学报》2010,30(17):4717-4727
2007年4—5月对长江口及其陆架海域小型底栖生物进行了调查。结果表明:调查海域有18个类群小型底栖生物,平均丰度为(1117.19±820.36)个/10 cm2,平均生物量为(754.87±546.37)(μg.干重)/10 cm2,其中线虫是绝对优势类群,占小型底栖生物总丰度的95.42%,占总生物量的55.35%。其他优势类群分别是桡足类、多毛类和动吻类。垂直分布研究表明:小型底栖生物丰度随着深度的增加而减少,其数量的65%分布于0—2 cm层,其中线虫分布于0—2 cm层的数量约占64%;桡足类集中分布于0—2 cm层,占该类总量的88%以上;多毛类分布于0—2 cm层的数量约占61%。各区块小型底栖生物总丰度从高到低依次为东海陆架深水区长江口近岸杭州湾。与环境因子相关分析表明:盐度与小型底栖生物丰度,线虫丰度成显著的正相关,与多毛类,桡足类丰度以及小型底栖生物生物量呈极显著的正相关。近底溶解氧与小型底栖生物丰度,多毛类,线虫丰度以及小型底栖生物生物量呈显著的负相关,与桡足类丰度呈极显著的负相关。调查海域沉积物的中值粒径,粘土粉砂含量与小型底栖生物丰度,多毛类,线虫丰度以及小型底栖生物生物量的相关性不显著。位沉积物叶绿素a和脱镁叶绿素含量与小型底栖生物丰度,线虫丰度、多毛类丰度,桡足类丰度相关不显著;沉积物中异养细菌含量与多毛类丰度呈显著负相关。  相似文献   

4.
珠江口伶仃洋海域小型底栖生物丰度和生物量   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
Zhang JH  Gao Y  Fang HD 《应用生态学报》2011,22(10):2741-2748
分别于2006年7-8月(夏)、2007年4月(春)和10月(秋)对珠江口伶仃洋附近海域小型底栖生物丰度和生物量进行调查.3个航次共鉴定小型底栖生物类群15类,包括线虫、桡足类、多毛类、介形类、动吻动物、端足类、颚咽动物、涟虫、纽虫、腹足类、双壳类、星虫、螠虫、原足类和其他未鉴定种类;春、夏、秋3个航次小型底栖生物丰度分别为(272.1+281.9)、(165.1±147.1)和(246.4±369.3) ind·10 cm-2,线虫为主要优势类群,分别占小型底栖生物总丰度的86.8%、83.5%和93.4%.小型底栖生物丰度垂直分布不均匀,分布于沉积物0~2 cm、2~5 cm、5~10 cm的数量比例分别为54.1%、35.2%和10.8%,线虫分布于沉积物0~5 cm数量比例为87.4%;春、夏、秋3个航次小型底栖生物生物量分别为(374.6±346.9)、(274.1±352.2)和(270.8±396.0) μg·10 cm-2,多毛类平均生物量最高,分别占小型底栖生物总生物量的30.1%、46.7%和46.0%,其次为线虫(25.2%、20.1%和34.0%)和介形类(20.6%、15.3%和14.8%).伶仃洋小型底栖生物丰度平面分布呈现从北向南升高、东部高于西部的趋势.伶仃洋小型底栖生物丰度、生物量分布与水深呈显著正相关.  相似文献   

5.
根据2008年10月4日至8日北部湾海域生态环境综合调查资料,对北部湾海域小型底栖动物的类群组成、丰度和生物量分布进行了分析研究,结果表明,研究海域的小型底栖动物平均丰度约为399.09±452.20 had·10cm-2,平均生物量约为359.56±324.45μg·10cm-2;按丰度来讲,分选出的14个类群中,自由生活海洋线虫的丰度为最优势,约占总丰度的92.69%,其次为底栖桡足类和多毛类,分别约占总丰度的3.28%和2.47%;线虫、多毛类和桡足类分别约占总生物量的41.16%、38.34%和6.76%。研究海域的钦州、防城港市沿岸海区小型底栖动物平均丰度相对较高,其平均丰度约为614.98±799.63 ind·10cm-2;涠洲岛周边海区和北海南部近岸海区平均丰度分别约为481.68±240.03 ind·10cm-2和278.14±126.38 ind·10cm-2;对照海区的小型底栖动物平均丰度约仅有197.37±116.72 ind·10cm-2。根据各站位小型底栖生物的种类组成及其丰度进行了多样性分析,各站位丰富度指数介于0.466~1.516之间,均匀度指数介于0.203~1.13之间,Shannon-Weiner指数(H’)介于0.141~0.783之间。根据类群组成及其丰度进行组平均法聚类分析,把研究海区各站位分成了3个不同的底栖生物群落。研究海区线虫和桡足类丰度的比率变化范围在5.02~223.83之间。  相似文献   

6.
2005年夏季东太平洋中国多金属结核区小型底栖生物研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
“大洋一号”调查船于2005年7月在太平洋结核区中国合同区东、西小区调查中共进行了12个站位的小型底栖生物的取样.研究表明:调查区域小型底栖生物共有13个类群.东、西两小区小型底栖生物平均密度分别为(104.4±20.48)个/10 cm2,(40.26±25.84)个/10 cm2,线虫平均生物量分别为(5.25±0.99)(μg·干重)/10 cm2,(1.68±0.77)(μg·干重)/10 cm2,东小区小型底栖生物平均密度、线虫生物量明显高于西小区.线虫是绝对优势类群,分别占东、西小区小型底栖生物总密度的93.13%和91.36%,其它优势类群有桡足类,多毛类,介形类等.小型底栖生物密度随着沉积物深度的增加而减少,其数量的75%以上分布在0-2 cm层,东小区深层的小型底栖生物所占比例比西小区要大.与环境因子相关分析表明:调查区域的小型底栖生物密度,线虫密度,线虫生物量,桡足类密度,多毛类密度与经、纬度呈显著负相关,与脱镁叶绿素呈显著正相关,与沉积物微型生物生物量相关性不显著.小型底栖生物密度,线虫密度,线虫生物量,多毛类密度与叶绿素a呈显著正相关,桡足类与叶绿素a相关性不显著.脱镁叶绿素与沉积物微型生物生物量呈显著正相关.  相似文献   

7.
于2019年春季在广西防城港东湾红树林湿地,设置4个断面共13个站位采集沉积物样品,对小型底栖动物的类群组成、丰度和生物量进行研究。共鉴定出11个以上的小型底栖动物类群,分别为自由生活海洋线虫、桡足类、多毛类、寡毛类、介形类、等足类、双壳类、涟虫、海螨类、腹足类、枝角类和其他未鉴定类群;小型底栖动物总平均丰度为(10364±8012) ind·10 cm-2;线虫是绝对优势类群,占小型底栖动物总丰度的95.38%,平均丰度为(9886±7746) ind·10 cm~(-2),其次为桡足类,占比为2.14%,平均丰度为(221±358) ind·10cm~(-2);小型底栖动物的总平均生物量为(10502±7894)μg·10 cm~(-2),各断面的生物量趋势依次为:断面3断面2断面1断面4。  相似文献   

8.
南黄海冬季小型底栖生物丰度和生物量   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
分别于2003年1月和2004年1月在南黄海广大陆架浅海水域进行小型底栖生物调查.结果表明,两个航次的小型底栖生物平均丰度分别为 (954.20±269.47) ind·10 cm-2和(1 186.12±486.07) ind·10 cm-2;平均生物量分别为(954.38±403.93)μg·10 cm-2和(1 120.72±487.21) μg·10 cm-2.两个航次小型底栖生物丰度值、生物量和生产力均无显著变化(P>0.05).共鉴定出20个小型底栖生物类群,按丰度,自由生活海洋线虫为最优势类群,两个航次的优势度分别为87%和90%,其他优势类群依次为桡足类、多毛类和动吻类;按生物量依次为线虫34%~38%,多毛类25%~33%,介形类9%~22%,桡足类8%.96.64%的小型生物分布在0~5 cm的表层沉积物内,线虫和桡足类分布在0~2 cm的比例分别为72.48%和89.46%.小型底栖生物的生物量与沉积物砂含量(%)、粉砂含量(%)和叶绿素a含量呈显著相关.代表性站位的种类组成和多样性分析显示了沿岸、黄海冷水团和东、黄海交汇区3个不同的底栖生物群落.  相似文献   

9.
何蕾  华尔  刘晓收  张志南 《生态学报》2019,39(8):2794-2805
分别于2011年6月和11月,搭载"东方红2号"科学调查船在渤海海域(37.0°—40.0°N,118.0°—122.0°E)进行了小型底栖动物的取样,对小型底栖动物类群组成、丰度、生物量、空间分布及其与环境因子的关系进行了研究。结果表明:研究海域小型底栖动物分布不均匀,表现为黄河口附近及近岸海域小型底栖动物丰度显著低于其他海域。小型底栖动物6月平均丰度高于11月,分别为(1012.7±519.1)个/10 cm~2和(829.5±385.8)个/10 cm~2, 6月平均生物量低于11月,分别为(570.8±307.6)μg干重/10 cm~2和(661.3±310.9)μg干重/10 cm~2。两个航次共鉴定出18个小型底栖动物类群,其中自由生活海洋线虫为最优势类群,分别占小型底栖动物总丰度的95.0%和90.3%,占小型底栖动物总生物量的67.4%和45.3%。其他数量上较重要的类群还有底栖桡足类、多毛类、动吻类和双壳类等。其中,多毛类丰度具有显著的季节差异,其11月丰度高于6月。两个航次分别有93.6%(6月)和91.1%(9月)的小型底栖动物分布在0—5 cm的表层沉积物内,没有表现季节性垂直迁移。对小型底栖动物生物数据与环境因子的相关分析结果显示,小型底栖动物的丰度与沉积物中值粒径、含水率呈显著负相关,与有机质含量呈极显著负相关,表明这三个因子是决定研究海域小型底栖动物分布的重要因素。小型底栖动物群落组成与环境因子的BIOENV相关分析表明,水深、有机质含量的组合能够最好地解释小型底栖动物群落结构的差异。与渤海海域30年来的小型底栖动物研究比较发现,在过去30年里,渤海小型底栖动物(包括海洋线虫)丰度逐渐增加,而其中的底栖桡足类丰度却在逐渐减少。沉积环境的变化以及人类干扰是引起渤海海域小型底栖动物丰度变化的重要因素。  相似文献   

10.
为了解污水排海对小型底栖生物丰度和生物量的影响,于2011年4、8、10、12月对青岛汇泉湾第一海水浴场中潮带一个排污口附近不同距离站位的小型底栖生物进行了春、夏、秋、冬4个季度的采样调查.结果表明: 研究区域小型底栖生物年平均丰度为(1859.9±705.1) ind·10 cm-2,最高值出现在距离排污口20和40 m的站位S2和S3,分别为(2444.9±1220.5)和(2492.2±1839.9) ind·10 cm-2,最低值出现在距离排污口0 m的站位S1,为(327.9±183.2) ind·10 cm-2.小型底栖生物的年平均生物量为(1513.4±372.7) μg·10 cm-2.小型底栖生物在丰度和生物量上呈现明显的季节变化,最高值出现在春季,最低值出现在夏季.共鉴定出11个小型底栖生物类群,包括线虫、桡足类、多毛类、寡毛类、缓步动物、海螨、涡虫、介形类、等足类、甲壳类幼体及其他类.自由生活海洋线虫是最优势的类群,占总丰度的83.1%,其次为底栖桡足类,占12.8%.在垂直分布上,小型底栖生物在0~2 cm表层分布最多,向深层呈现递减趋势,冬季部分向下迁移.Pearson相关分析表明,小型底栖生物丰度和生物量与沉积物中值粒径和有机质含量呈极显著负相关.此外,旅游等人为扰动也是影响小型底栖生物数量及分布的因素.与历史资料中的同类研究结果进行了比较,并探讨了线虫与桡足类丰度的比值
在有机质污染监测中的适用性.  相似文献   

11.
New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn2NPSCH2CH2Sa(P-Sa) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn2NPSCHCHSa(CH2)3CaH2(P-Sa)(Ca-Sa) (6) and Bn2NP(4-XC6H4OMe)2 (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)2] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl2Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the νCO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The 1JPRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the 1JPSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh3. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh3.  相似文献   

12.
Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.  相似文献   

13.
《环境昆虫学报》2014,(5):790-804
综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生(宾主共栖和异种共栖)、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌(原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌)和外生菌(蚁巢伞菌等)间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用(如纤维素酶)及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。  相似文献   

14.
15.
The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.  相似文献   

16.
To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.  相似文献   

17.
In spite of the many studies on protein modifications by reactive species, knowledge about the products resulting from the oxidation of protein-aromatic residues, including protein-derived radicals and their stable products, remains limited. Here, we compared the oxidative modifications promoted by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite in two model proteins, ribonuclease (6Tyr) and lysozyme (3Tyr/6Trp). The formation of protein-derived radicals and products was higher at pH 5.4 and 7.4 for myeloperoxidase and peroxynitrite, respectively. The main product was 3-nitro-Tyr for both proteins and oxidants. Lysozyme rendered similar yields of nitro-Trp, particularly when oxidized by peroxynitrite. Hydroxylated and dimerized products of Trp and Tyr were also produced, but in lower yields. Localization of the main modified residues indicates that peroxynitrite decomposes to radicals within the proteins behaving less specifically than myeloperoxidase. Nitrogen dioxide is emphasized as an important protein modifier.  相似文献   

18.
A new series of antibacterial and antifungal triazine-derived mono- and di-substituted (symmetrical and unsymmetrical) Schiff-bases and their cobalt(II), copper(II), nickel(II) and zinc(II) metal complexes have been synthesized and characterized by their elemental analyses, molar conductances, magnetic moments and IR and electronic spectral measurements. IR spectra indicated the ligands to act as tridentate towards divalent metal ions via a trazine-N, the azomethine-N and, indole-NH and deprotonated-O of salicylaldehyde. The magnetic moments and electronic spectral data suggest octahedral geometry for the Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II)complexes and square-pyramid for Cu(II) complexes. NMR spectral data of the ligands and their diamagnetic zinc(II) complexes well-define their proposed structures/geometries. Elemental analyses data of the ligands and metal complexes agree with their proposed structures/geometries. The synthesized ligands, along with their metal complexes were screened for their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtillis, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi and for antifungal activity against Trichophyton longifusus, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, Microsporum canis, Fusarium solani and Candida glaberata. The results of these studies show the metal complexes to be more antibacterial/antifungal against two or more species as compared to the uncomplexed Schiff-base ligands.  相似文献   

19.
20.
The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE2, PGD2, PGF, TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF. In all types studied PGE2 and TXB2 were the major products formed. The identification of PGE2 and TXB2 was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.  相似文献   

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