中国禾本科植物一新记录种——日本小丽草

报道中国禾本科(Gramineae)小丽草属一新记录种——日本小丽草(Coelachne japonica Hack.),该种原记载特产于日本本州和九州,现在浙江省苍南县莒溪和泰顺县黄桥发现有该种分布。同时,还描述了该种形态特征与生境,提供活植物照片和凭证标本,重新修订浙江有分布的小丽草属植物。     

中国樟科非粮生物柴油能源植物资源的初步评价与筛选

通过调查我国现有樟科油脂植物资源,本研究对74份(9属47种)樟科油脂植物样品的含油率、脂肪酸甲酯组成、碘值及其油酸甲酯的理化性质进行了分析,并根据非粮生物柴油能源植物的评价标准,初步筛选出了19份(5属18种)具有开发利用价值的樟科非粮生物柴油能源植物,为樟科油脂植物资源的评价与筛选、深度开发与综合利用等提供参考依据。     

中国樟科植物一些修正

中国樟科植物志(1982年第一次印刷,1984年第二次印刷)已出版多年,在其问世以后国内外对我国樟科植物已发表了不少新分类群和新分布,同时对一些分类群的名称亦作了一些更动,因此为了使中国樟科植物志赶上时代前进的步伐,有待日后组织全国各方面力量进行全面修订。现在只就已出版的中国樟科植物志本身所涉及的一些种类在学名的采用、新异名以及相近种的增补上根据有关资料及个人的体会作些说明或修正。     

中国毛茛科分布新记录种——垂萼银莲花

该文首次报道了毛茛科银莲花属植物垂萼银莲花(Anemone pendulisepala Y.N.Lee)在中国的分布,提供了该种的中文形态描述,并简要讨论了该种的系统学地位与命名问题。     

云南樟科一新记录属——土楠属

报道云南樟科一新记录属——土楠属(长果土楠).增订了长果土楠的特征,并绘制了该种的分布图.     

五肋百里香精油研究

本工作对山东省所产五肋百里香(Thymus quinquecostatus Celak.)的精油化学成份进行了研究。运用柱层析、气相色谱和红外光谱等方法分离鉴定了芳樟醇、龙脑、对-伞花烃、桉油素和香芹酚等16个成份。并发现该种植物在山东有两个化学型即芳樟醇类型和香芹酚类型。还测定了不同月份的植物精油主要成份含量的变化。     

假刺苋——中国大陆一新归化种

报道了广东省潮州市韩江沿岸发现的中国大陆一新归化种——假刺苋(Amaranthus dubius Mart.ex Thell.)。该种原产热带美洲及西印度群岛,已经引入并局部归化于欧洲、热带亚洲地区和非洲,在中国台湾已经归化。通过野外调查,获得该种的详细特征与生境等信息,并讨论了与其他苋属植物的区别及其潜在的入侵性。此外,还提供了用于检索中国苋属植物的分类检索表。     

浙江桂及其相近种的亲缘关系及分类等级探讨

浙江桂、普陀桂和日本桂(天竺桂)是樟属植物中的三个相近种。六十多年以来,围绕着它们的亲缘关系及其分类等级,植物学界展开了反复的讨论,至今仍然存在着较大的分歧。在文献考证的基础上,笔者通过赴模式产地考察与采集鉴定,从比较形态学、扫描电镜观察、种子油脂成份的化学分析和地理分布区等方面,进一步研究了这三个种的异同,认为浙江桂是中国大陆的特有种;普陀桂应当归并入日本桂,作为一个变种处理;日本桂的原变种在中国仅见产于台湾省,而在大陆并无自然分布。     

云南被子植物新资料

植物资源调查是探讨系统发育、植物区系进化历史和亲缘关系的基础,是我国植物研究工作的重要任务之一,虽然我国在植物资源调查方面有了丰富的积累,并以《中国植物志》和各地方植物志为代表,但部分偏远地区的植物资源状况仍然缺乏数据。该研究通过形态特征比较分析,发现云南省被子植物新记录3种,即柳叶黄肉楠(Actinodaphne lecomtei C. K. Allen)原分布于四川、贵州、广东(乳源)、广西,云南省丘北县为其新记录点;八角樟(Cinnamomum ilicioides A. Chevalier)原分布于中国的广东、海南、广西和越南北部,云南省西双版纳傣族自治州勐腊县为其新记录点;贵州山核桃(Carya kweichowensis Kuang A. M. Lu ex Chang et Lu)原分布于贵州安龙、望谟、册亨、兴义等,云南省丘北县为其新记录点。柳叶黄肉楠和八角樟在云南的新分布点是对我国樟科薄弱地带的补充,为分析滇产原始种类对相关属的起源发生和中国樟科分类学研究提供了新材料;贵州山核桃在物种层面上对确定贵州山核桃与喙核桃(Annamocarya sinensis)两者之间的联系提供了新的案例,并为云南发展山核桃(Carya cathayensis)生产提供了种质资源。     

中国大陆山茶科一新记录种——日本厚皮香

报道了发现于浙江省象山县的山茶科Theaceae厚皮香属Ternstroemia日本厚皮香T.japonica(Thunb.)Thunb.,描述其主要形态特征、生境。该种为中国大陆新记录种。凭证标本存于浙江农林大学植物标本馆(ZJFC)。     

矮石蕊在东亚的地位

中国和日本有关具粉末状粉芽的矮石蕊(Cladonia humilis)的报导大多数实际上是指本文中描述的新种,黑氏石蕊(Cladonia kurokawae Ahti & S. Stcnroos).其特征是杯体深裂,含有黑茶渍素和富马原岛衣酸.真正的矮石蕊在中国和日本是很少见的;日本的种类中,含有黑茶渍素和波衣酸的两个化学型都存在.     

中国新记录穗芽水葱的分类学研究

该文报道了发现于浙江省景宁畲族自治县山地沼泽中的莎草科水葱属一中国新记录种———穗芽水葱(Schoenoplectus gemmifer C. Sato, T. Maeda ＆ Uchino)。该种外形与水毛花相似,但其秆质地较柔软,小穗较短,花柱2,具无性繁殖的穗芽。染色体数目为2n ＝78±2(水毛花的染色体数目为2n ＝44)。文献记载穗芽水葱特产于日本,并被列为日本稀有物种。该种在景宁的发现,对研究中国—日本植物区系具有重要学术价值。     

Saussurea chabyoungsanica Im (Compositae), a new species from Mt. Chabyoung-san, Korea

A new species, theSaussurea chabyoungsanica Im, is described from Mt. Chabyoung-san, Kangwon Province, Korea. The new species has long elliptic leaves with short petioles and a compact corymb which consists of many slender tubular heads and tiny pedicels. These characteristics are not seen in any otherSausurea species in Korea, Japan, and northeast China (Manchuria).Saussurea chabyoungsanica is an endemic species of Korea.     

Hemiptelea mikii sp. nov. (Ulmaceae), fossil fruits and woods from the pleistocene of central Japan

A new fossil species,Hemiptelea mikii, is described on the basis of fruits from the Pleistocene of central Japan. It is distinguished fromH. davidii, the only extant species of the genus restricted to Korea and China, in having shorter fruits. Fossil woods discovered from the same horizon differ from the extant one in some anatomical characteristics, and are assigned to the new fossil species. Taken together with earlier records of fossil fruit occurrence in the early and the middle Pleistocene of central Japan, the latest finding of fossil fruits and woods from the last glacial sediments (ca. 50,000 years ago) at Kita-egota site of Tokyo suggests thatH. mikii was widespread in central Japan throughout the Pleistocene and survived until as late as the Last Glacial age.     

广西凭祥口岸首次截获有害生物台湾坡天牛Pterolophia formosana

台湾坡天牛一般随着木制品及包装制品进行远距离传播入境。目前我国台湾地区和日本有分布,在我国大陆地区尚未见该虫的发生报道。2019年5月凭祥口岸从来自越南的相思木板上截获了台湾坡天牛,为我国大陆首次截获。通过显微形态特征的观察和测量进行台湾坡天牛种类鉴定。台湾坡天牛与近似种的主要区别:其鞘翅基部具明显的黑褐色宽横带。通过入侵可能性分析,来自我国台湾地区、日本的台湾坡天牛入侵我国大陆地区的可能性很大。台湾坡天牛在我国广东、广西、福建等地区定殖和扩散风险很大。一旦传入我国,将对我国的农林安全造成巨大威胁,各口岸应对进境的木制品及包装加强检验检疫。     

Amanita sinensis, new to Japan and Nepal

AnAmanita species, known as “haikagura-tengutake” in Japan and recently collected in Nepal, is identified asAmanita sinensis. Previously reported only from Southwest China, this species, distributed in Japan, Southwest China, and Nepal, is now considered to be a Southeast Asiatic element.     

A new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cortinarius</Emphasis> sect. <Emphasis Type="Italic">Orellani</Emphasis> from Japan

Cortinarius breviradicatus sp. nov., found in deciduous forests, is described and illustrated from Niigata, Japan. It is characterized by its medium-sized to large dark brown basidiocarp, acutely conical pileus, and rooting stipe, and by subglobose to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores. In addition, the extracting solution from its basidiocarps exhibits a strong fluorescence around 400–430 nm in ultraviolet radiation (250 nm), which was observed in a species of Cortinarius sect. Orellani. The new species belongs to the section Orellani. The differences between the new taxon and similar species are briefly discussed.     

中国大陆天麻属一新分布种——细天麻

报道了中国大陆兰科(Orchidaceae)天麻属(Gastrodia)1新记录种——细天麻(Gastrodia gracilis Bl.)。标本采自云南省开远市碑格乡,生于海拔约2 500m的常绿阔叶林下,群落郁闭度较大,林下湿润。标本主要形态学特征为总状花序长约6cm,花排列稀疏,管状,下垂,浅棕色,花被筒顶端5裂,苞片宿存,地下茎小。该种此前记录产于中国台湾及日本。该发现在中国大陆尚属首次,加强了中国云南植物区系与中国台湾以及日本植物区系的联系。     

Diversity of viruses in Cryphonectria parasitica and C. nitschkei in Japan and China, and partial characterization of a new chrysovirus species

We surveyed native populations of the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica, in Japan and China, and C. nitschkei, a sympatric species on chestnut trees in Japan, to learn more about the diversity of hypoviruses and other double-stranded (ds) RNA viruses. In a sample of 472 isolates of C. parasitica and 45 isolates of C. nitschkei from six prefectures in Japan, we found 27 containing one or more dsRNAs. Twelve isolates of C. parasitica and two isolates of C. nitschkei were infected with Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV-1); four of these 12 C. parasitica isolates also contained other dsRNAs that did not hybridize to CHV-1. In China, only one of 85 C. parasitica isolates was CHV-1-infected; no dsRNAs were detected in the other isolates from China. No other known hypoviruses were found in this study. However, we found two previously undescribed dsRNAs in Japan approximately 9 kb in size that did not hybridize to each other or to any known dsRNAs from C. parasitica. We also found three additional groups of dsRNAs, one of which represents the genome of a new member of the virus family Chrysoviridae and was found only in C. nitschkei; the other two dsRNAs were found previously in isolates of C. parasitica from Japan or China. The most significant result of this survey is the discovery of novel dsRNAs that can be characterized in future research.