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1.
气候变化对鸟类迁徙时间的影响是目前生态学研究的热点问题。本文利用鸟类环志的方法分析了2010至2019年河北秦皇岛两种鸟类春季迁徙时间变化趋势及其差异性,并进一步探讨了差异性的原因。选择环志数量较多的食虫鸟黄眉柳莺(Phylloscopus inornatus)和食谷鸟灰头鹀(Emberiza spodocephala)作为研究对象,分析了10年间两种鸟类春季迁徙到达时间、高峰期、离开时间和停歇天数的变化及其相关性。结果表明,10年间黄眉柳莺和灰头鹀春季迁徙到达时间、高峰期和离开时间都出现了提前现象。黄眉柳莺和灰头鹀在秦皇岛停歇天数都呈现缩短的趋势,黄眉柳莺到达时间与离开时间存在显著的正相关。两种候鸟春季迁徙时间出现这种变化的原因是由于秦皇岛环境温度呈现逐渐升高的趋势,促使各种植被群落和昆虫提前进入生长繁殖阶段,为春季提前迁徙而来的候鸟提供丰富的食物资源。黄眉柳莺春季迁徙期在秦皇岛采取“早到早走”的策略,提早到达繁殖地可以增加其繁殖成功率,有助于提高鸟类种群的生存率。  相似文献   

2.
许多长距离迁徙的雀形目鸟类的种群数量正在持续下降,田鹀(Emberiza rustica)种群数量下降趋势更为突出。通过对田鹀种群数量长期监测和迁徙动态分析,可为此物种保护提供科学依据。从2001年开始,陆续在黑龙江省高峰、青峰、帽儿山、新青和大沾河,吉林省珲春和吉林市,辽宁省的辽宁鸟类研究中心(大连)和旅顺老铁山,以及内蒙古乌尔其汗鸟类栖息的临水林缘处布网环志。截至2018年,累计环志田鹀184181只,其中春季88571只,秋季95610只;各年度环志数量波动较大,总体呈现急速下降趋势。幼鸟的越冬损失率高达41.3%。田鹀106只次的回收信息表明,自然条件下田鹀寿命可达11年以上;日迁飞距离最快可达到300 km,飞行速度可达30 km/h。中国东北地区是田鹀等鸟类的重要迁徙途经地;田鹀的迁徙路线相对稳定,在瑞典北部繁殖的种群经中国东北地区迁徙到天津以南越冬。通过环志发现,近些年田鹀种群数量急速下降。通过比对,发现中国东北地区田鹀的环志数量变化趋势与瑞典的田鹀环志数量变化趋势相似;相对于环志数量最多的年份,环志数量下降95%以上,值得关注。栖息地破碎化、非法猎捕等是影响田鹀生存的主要受威胁因素。建议依据田鹀等鸟类生物学习性,加强鸟类栖息地的保护,坚持长期标准化的鸟类环志监测,进一步探索鸟类迁徙规律,以助于鸟类种群的恢复。  相似文献   

3.
嫩江高峰林区鸟类迁徙与气象因子的相关性初探   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
2001~2010年在黑龙江省嫩江县高峰林场开展了鸟类环志研究工作,共环志鸟类173种238672只,其中春季142种102285只,秋季147种136387只,隶属14目41科。春季以小鹀Emberiza pusilla、红胁蓝尾鸲Tar-siger cyanurus、黄眉柳莺Phylloscopus inornatus、栗鹀E.rutila、黄眉鹀E.chrysophrys、燕雀Fringilla montifringilla、田鹀E.rustica、黄雀Carduelis spinus等8种为迁徙鸟类的优势种,累计75145只,占春季环志数量的73.5%;秋季以白腰朱顶雀Carduelis flammea、黄雀、田鹀、燕雀、黄眉柳莺、煤山雀Parus ater、北朱雀Carpodacus roseus等7种为迁徙鸟类的优势种,累计99335只,占秋季环志数量的72.8%。利用统计软件对气象因子中的平均气温、日最高气温、日最低气温、平均水汽压、日最低气压、日最高气压、相对湿度、地面平均温度、平均风速、最大风速、最大风速的风向、日照时数与春秋季迁徙鸟类的优势种的相关性进行了分析,发现地面平均温度、日最高气温与鸟类迁徙的相关性很强。在春季,与鸟类迁徙的相关性很强的还有日最高气压,而秋季则是日照时数。相对湿度在鸟类迁徙中呈很强的负相关。  相似文献   

4.
黑龙江嫩江高峰林区鸟类环志监测报告   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
1998~2006年,笔者在黑龙江省嫩江县高峰林场开展了鸟类环志研究工作。这里是候鸟经松嫩平原迁徙途中重要的停歇地和食物补给站。9年共环志鸟类13目37科165种184273只,其中春季135种80366只,秋季140种103907只。环志最多年份为2002年,44633只。环志数量最多的种类是白腰朱顶雀Cardueli sflammea,272日3只,其次是黄雀C.spinus,20163只。在所环志的鸟类中,春季以小鹀Emberiza pusilla、红胁蓝尾鸲Tarsiger cyanurus、黄眉柳莺Phyllosco pusinornatus、栗鹀E.rutila、田鹀E.rustica、黄眉鹀E.chrysophrys、燕雀Fringilla montifringilla、黄雀等8种为优势种:秋季以白腰朱顶雀、黄雀、田鹀、黄眉柳莺、燕雀、北朱雀Carpodacusroseus等6种为优势种,占秋季环志数量的69.3%。系统的环志监测,为深入开展鸟类环志研究,探索鸟类迁徙规律,以及进行鸟类疫情监测提供更为可靠的数据。  相似文献   

5.
环志是研究迁徙鸟类的重要途径。云南省哀牢山北段大中山是鸟类迁徙的重要通道,但缺乏具体的研究数据。1997年、2010年和2011年秋季夜间迁徙鸟类环志研究的结果表明,哀牢山北段大中山捕获到的夜间鸟类有108种2330只,分属10目24科。其中,以雀形目鸟类为主,占总捕获数量的78.3%,捕获优势种为树鹨(占捕获数量的16.95%)、红喉姬鹟(13.39%)、红尾伯劳(9.83%)、红喉歌鸲(8.71%)和栗鹀(4.80%);水禽占捕获鸟类总种数的16.7%,与云南其他地点的研究结果相似。由于水禽是传播禽流感的主要载体,候鸟聚集地存在传播禽流感的风险,春季也有候鸟翻越哀牢山,因此有必要开展春季鸟类环志工作。  相似文献   

6.
辽宁老铁山雀形目鸟类秋季迁徙初探   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
2000~2004年秋在辽宁旅顺老铁山自然保护区,通过鸟类环志和直接观察的方法,对该地区雀形目(Passeriformes)鸟类秋季迁徙规律进行了研究。5年共环志11 040只雀形目鸟类,发现8种保护区新记录种。结果表明,鸟类迁徙高峰大都集中在10月中下旬;气候条件与鸟类迁徙关系密切;不同年份优势种及种群数量均不同;鸟类的迁徙具有一定的顺序性和集群现象,但不同种类迁徙的种群大小又有差别;2004年雀形目鸟类的种类和数量都明显少于前4年,略有下降趋势。  相似文献   

7.
2002~2005年在吉林省珲春市马川子乡依力南沟开展了鸟类环志研究工作。这里为长白山低山丘陵区,是候鸟经长白山脉、乌苏里江迁徙途中重要的停歇地和食物补给站。4年共环志鸟类126种63386只,其中春季103种9761只,秋季113种53625只,隶属13目37科。春季以黄喉鸦(Emberiza elegans)为迁徙鸟类的优势种,环志2467只,占春季环志数量的25.3%;秋季以黄喉鸦、红胁蓝尾鸲(Tarsiger cyanurus)、黄眉柳莺(Phylloscopus inornatus)、大山雀(Parus major)、白眉鸦(E.tristrami)、极北柳莺(P.borealis)等6种为迁徙鸟类的优势种,累计33586只,占秋季环志数量的62.6%;通过环志研究发现,被认为是留鸟的大山雀、银喉长尾山雀(Aeghhalos caudatus)、沼泽山雀(P.palustris)、长尾雀(Uragus sibiricus)具有定期的迁徙行为。  相似文献   

8.
2002年4月1日~10月31日,共环志林栖迁徙鸟类7目、20科、84种12244只,环志数量超过100只的鸟有23种。春季性别鉴定16种1224只,雌雄比例约为1:1.1;秋季鉴定20种1656只,雌雄比例约为1.4:1。春秋两季大致3d一个迁徙高峰,春季的迁徙曲线高峰斜度较秋季的大,秋季的迁徙高峰比较平缓。  相似文献   

9.
青岛松雀鹰迁徙的初步观察   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
松雀鹰Accipiter virgatus是青岛迁徙猛禽的优势种。1988—1989年春秋两季在青岛东郊浮山(36°01′N,120°04′E)设置鸟类环志与猛禽迁徙观察点。观察点南临黄海,西侧青岛市区,东、北两侧是连绵的崂山山脉,也是猛禽的迁徙路线。主要观察猛禽的种类、性别、数量、高度、气候与物候状况等。1观察结果1.1春季的迁徙松雀鹰春季迁经本地最早见于4月初,1988与1989两年差异很大。六月上旬迁完。持续迁徙时间近2个月,较其它猛禽到达早、持续日期长、种群数量大、环志的数量也多。据两年的观察,四月上、中旬各有一个明显迁徙高峰,高峰持续1—2天;五…  相似文献   

10.
黑龙江省嫩江高峰林区2004年度鸟类环志监测报告   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
2004年在黑龙江省嫩江县高峰林场开展了鸟类环志研究工作,共环志鸟类100种22 194只,其中春季84种10 256只,秋季82种11 938只,隶属10目30科。春季以棕眉山岩鹨(Prunella montanella)、田(Emberiza rustica)、红胁蓝尾鸲(Tarsiger cyanurus)、燕雀(Fringilla montifringilla)、小(E.pusilla)、黄眉柳莺(Phylloscopus inornatus)、栗(E.rutila)等7种为迁徙鸟类的优势种(数量大于500只),环志7534只,占春季环志数量的73.5%;秋季以黄眉柳莺、燕雀、田、银喉长尾山雀(Aegithalos caudatus)、黄雀(Carduelis spinus)、白腰朱顶雀(C.flammea)等6种为迁徙鸟类的优势种,环志8764只,占秋季环志数量的73.4%;通过环志,发现两种黑龙江省鸟类新记录———姬鹬(Lymnocryptes minimus)、棕眉柳莺(P.armandi-i),高峰林场环志的白腰朱顶雀、红喉姬(Ficedula parva)分别被挪威、俄罗斯回收。这是欧洲国家...  相似文献   

11.
New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn2NPSCH2CH2Sa(P-Sa) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn2NPSCHCHSa(CH2)3CaH2(P-Sa)(Ca-Sa) (6) and Bn2NP(4-XC6H4OMe)2 (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)2] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl2Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the νCO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The 1JPRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the 1JPSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh3. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh3.  相似文献   

12.
《环境昆虫学报》2014,(5):790-804
综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生(宾主共栖和异种共栖)、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌(原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌)和外生菌(蚁巢伞菌等)间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用(如纤维素酶)及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。  相似文献   

13.
Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.  相似文献   

14.
15.
The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.  相似文献   

16.
To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.  相似文献   

17.
In spite of the many studies on protein modifications by reactive species, knowledge about the products resulting from the oxidation of protein-aromatic residues, including protein-derived radicals and their stable products, remains limited. Here, we compared the oxidative modifications promoted by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite in two model proteins, ribonuclease (6Tyr) and lysozyme (3Tyr/6Trp). The formation of protein-derived radicals and products was higher at pH 5.4 and 7.4 for myeloperoxidase and peroxynitrite, respectively. The main product was 3-nitro-Tyr for both proteins and oxidants. Lysozyme rendered similar yields of nitro-Trp, particularly when oxidized by peroxynitrite. Hydroxylated and dimerized products of Trp and Tyr were also produced, but in lower yields. Localization of the main modified residues indicates that peroxynitrite decomposes to radicals within the proteins behaving less specifically than myeloperoxidase. Nitrogen dioxide is emphasized as an important protein modifier.  相似文献   

18.
The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE2, PGD2, PGF, TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF. In all types studied PGE2 and TXB2 were the major products formed. The identification of PGE2 and TXB2 was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.  相似文献   

19.
A new series of antibacterial and antifungal triazine-derived mono- and di-substituted (symmetrical and unsymmetrical) Schiff-bases and their cobalt(II), copper(II), nickel(II) and zinc(II) metal complexes have been synthesized and characterized by their elemental analyses, molar conductances, magnetic moments and IR and electronic spectral measurements. IR spectra indicated the ligands to act as tridentate towards divalent metal ions via a trazine-N, the azomethine-N and, indole-NH and deprotonated-O of salicylaldehyde. The magnetic moments and electronic spectral data suggest octahedral geometry for the Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II)complexes and square-pyramid for Cu(II) complexes. NMR spectral data of the ligands and their diamagnetic zinc(II) complexes well-define their proposed structures/geometries. Elemental analyses data of the ligands and metal complexes agree with their proposed structures/geometries. The synthesized ligands, along with their metal complexes were screened for their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtillis, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi and for antifungal activity against Trichophyton longifusus, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, Microsporum canis, Fusarium solani and Candida glaberata. The results of these studies show the metal complexes to be more antibacterial/antifungal against two or more species as compared to the uncomplexed Schiff-base ligands.  相似文献   

20.
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