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1.
对中国斑水螟属Eoophyla Swinhoe进行了系统研究,共记录16种.其中有2新种和中国3新纪录种,它们是:暗斑水螟(新种)E.abstrusa sp.nov.,该种与华斑水螟E.sinensis(Hampson)相似,主要区别在于新种色暗,沿前翅后缘无新月形白斑,雄性外生殖器抱器瓣顶端凹陷,雌性外生殖器前、后表皮突等长;显斑水螟(新种)E. evidens spnov.,该种与短斑水螟E.hamalis(Snellen)相似,主要区别在于新种沿前翅后缘无白斑,外线外白区小,雄性外生殖器爪形突端部尖,雌性外生殖器具2对囊突区;黑斑水螟E.melanops(Hampson)新纪录于广西上思和贵州江口,国外分布于泰国和印度;长鞭斑水螟E.nigripilosa Yoshiyasu新纪录于云南勐腊,国外分布于泰国;泰斑水螟E.thaiensisYoshiyasu新纪录于广西上思,国外分布于泰国.文中给出了中国斑水螟属分种检索表,提供了新种成虫照片和外生殖器特征图.模式标本保存于南开大学生物系.  相似文献   

2.
对中国斑水螟属Eoophyla Swinhoe进行了系统研究,共记录16种。其中有2新种和中国3新纪录种,它们是:暗斑水螟(新种)E.abstruse sp.nov,该种与华斑水螟E.sinensis(Hampson)相似,主要区别在于新种色暗,沿前翅后缘无新月形白斑,雄性外生殖器抱器瓣顶端凹陷,雌性外生殖器前、后表皮突等长;显斑水螟(新种)E.evidens sp.nov,该种与短斑水螟E.hamalis(Snellen)相似,主要区别在于新种沿前翅后缘无白斑,外线外白区小,雄性外生殖器爪形突端部尖,雌性外生殖器具2对囊突区;黑斑水螟E.melanops(Hampson)新纪录于广西上思和贵州江口,国外分布于泰国和印度;长鞭斑水螟E.thaiensis Yoshyiyasu新纪录于云南励腊,国外分布于泰国;泰斑水螟E.thaiensis Yoshiyasu新纪录于广西上思,国外分布于泰国。文中给出了中国斑水螟属分种检索表,提供了新种成虫照片和外生殖器特征图。模式标本保存于南开大学生物系。  相似文献   

3.
记述了采自内蒙古锡林郭勒盟的水狼蛛属Pirata一新纪录种,盗水狼蛛Pirata praedo Kulczyński,1885。提供了该种外生殖器手绘图和显微照片,同时也给出了其近似种——真水狼蛛Pirata piraticus(Clerck,1757)的显微照片。标本现保存于西南大学生命科学学院。  相似文献   

4.
<正>2017年5月25日,在湖南省吉首市马颈坳镇雾儿村进行小型哺乳动物调查时,于林间地面(109.815 239 0°E,28.383 342 7°N,海拔341 m)捡到1号食虫类标本(编号:201752501JS)。基于形态特征和分子数据,将其鉴定为劳亚食虫目Eulipotyphla鼩鼱科Soricidae东方水鼩属Chimarrogale的利安德水鼩Chimarrogale leander (Thomas, 1902)。该种在我国分布  相似文献   

5.
记述中国水螨区系1新纪录科纹水螨科Feltriidae Viets,1926及1新纪录种褐纹水螨Feltria rubra Piersig,1898.纹水螨科仅有纹水螨属Feltria Koenike,1892,该属分5亚属,目前报道于全北区、东洋区和新热带区.褐纹水螨隶属于佯纹水螨亚属Feltriella Viets,1930,该亚属目前全世界共记述16种.褐纹水螨目前仅报道于全北区,本文为中国首次报道该种,标本采集于新疆维吾尔族自治区哈纳斯湖.文中详细记述了该种的形态特征并绘制特征图.标本保存于贵州大学昆虫研究所.  相似文献   

6.
张英健 《昆虫学报》1965,(6):613-616
水稻食根水叶甲(Donacia provosti Fair.)的为害和发生规律研究虽较早,但对幼虫形态方面的研究资料则不多见。国内为害作物的食根水叶甲类,除该种外,尚有大食根水叶甲(D.simplex Fabr.)及Haemonia sp.等数种,在形态上有加以区别的必要。有的地区甚至将食根水叶甲幼虫和稻象虫幼虫混淆,故须加以较详细记述,以便易于区别。  相似文献   

7.
<正>眼斑水龟(Sacalia bealei)是中国特有淡水龟类物种之一,分布于安徽、福建、江西、湖南、贵州、广东、广西、香港等省区(van Dijk et al.2012)。由于长期过度猎捕、贸易及栖息地破坏等原因,导致眼斑水龟野生种群数量锐减,已被评估为濒危物种(IUCN 2015)。2014~2015年,在广东象头山国家级自然保护区珍稀龟类研究基地,作者以执法罚没的20只成体眼斑水龟(5雄15雌,体重300 g以上)为养殖对象,在仿生态养殖条件下对该种的繁殖  相似文献   

8.
张灿灿  孙才志 《生态学报》2018,38(11):4064-4076
以WEB OF SCIENCE数据库和中国知网学术期刊网络出版总库中1993—2016年期刊论文作为数据源,以"water footprint(水足迹)"OR(或)"virtual water(虚拟水)"为关键词进行文献检索,利用CiteSpace可视化文献分析工具,对检索出的文献分别进行关键词、作者、发文机构和载文期刊分析,并绘制出相关知识图谱,以此来探讨水足迹研究领域的发展现状以及未来的相关研究热点。结果表明:(1)水足迹领域相关研究文献数量不断增长,水足迹越来越受到中外学者的关注;(2)国外水足迹研究主要围绕虚拟水和水足迹展开,且对于水权问题的关注度较高,国内水足迹研究主要着眼于虚拟水贸易和虚拟水消费,应用型研究成为水足迹研究的热点,未来水足迹研究热点可能会围绕"水-粮食-能源"三者的耦合展开,对于水足迹与社会经济问题相结合的研究力度会逐渐增大;(3)水足迹领域中外文文献的发文作者都集中于少数研究人员,主要发文作者的研究奠定了水足迹研究的基础;(4)主要的发文机构有Univ Twente、中国科学院等,主要的载文期刊有ECOL ECON、HYDROL EARTH SYST SC、WATER RESOUR MANAG以及《资源科学》《中国人口·资源与环境》《生态学报》等。根据水足迹研究现状,给出了关于水足迹领域未来发展的建议。  相似文献   

9.
宫兆宁 《植物学报》2016,51(5):631-638
叶绿素荧光测量分析可以揭示植物叶片光化学效率的变化,已越来越多地应用于植物生态监测。以再生水为主要补给水源的北京门城湖湿地公园为研究区,选取典型湿地挺水植物芦苇(Phragmites australis)、香蒲(Typha angustifolia)和茭白(Zizania latifolia)为研究对象,通过野外测量叶片尺度的叶绿素荧光参数和室内测定对应样点的水体总氮含量指标,研究了再生水补给条件下,不同水氮梯度植物叶绿素荧光的响应特性。结果表明,3种典型挺水植物的初始荧光(Fo)与最大荧光(Fm)随着水体总氮含量的增加呈现上升的趋势;PSII的量子效率(F_v/F_m)与实际量子效率(ΦPSII)受水氮含量的影响先升高,达到15–20 mg·L~(–1)区间时,则与之持平;光化学淬灭(qP)参数则呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势,而非光化学淬灭(NPQ)参数的变化没有明显的规律。当水氮含量为15–20 mg·L~(–1)时,光化学反应减弱,光合作用出现抑制。不同类型植物的荧光参数也有所不同,处于生长期(6月)植物的光合作用显著强于生长成熟期(9月)。  相似文献   

10.
北京市水足迹   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
水资源短缺、水质污染等已成为北京可持续发展的制约因素,水资源利用问题愈发受到关注。水足迹的研究将人们的生产、消费与水资源的消耗联系起来,全面真实地揭示水资源利用情况。本文基于水足迹理论评价了北京水资源利用情况,结果表明:(1)2012年,北京市水足迹为352.6亿m3,人均水足迹为1704 m3,远超统计数据中总供水量35.9亿m3和人均用水量193.3 m3,水资源面临巨大压力。(2)北京市城镇和农村居民对虚拟水的消耗存在差异性,除动物产品外,农村居民对于粮食虚拟水的消耗相对较高,人均每年103.5 m3,而城镇人均每年72.5 m3,次于干鲜瓜果92.4 m3。(3)动物产品在虚拟水消耗中占据了最大的比重,说明了北京市居民对动物产品消耗量相对较高,也反映出动物产品单位产品虚拟水含量较高。为此,在虚拟水贸易中,可适当增加动物产品进口代替本地动物产品的养殖生产,降低水资源的消耗。  相似文献   

11.
Female Aphidecta obliterata consumed an average of 26.6 ± 5.8 Elatobium abietinum and males consumed an average of 19.9 ± 3.2 Elatobium abietinum, but there was no significant difference in the number consumed between the sexes. In Petri dish trials, the larval stages of A. obliterata and all stages of Adalia bipunctata appeared to exhibit a Type II response to prey density, although A. obliterata adults showed a more linear response to prey density. There was no significant difference between the functional responses of the 3rd instars of the two coccinellid species, but there was a significant difference between the responses shown by the 1st instars, with A. obliterata larvae consuming more than those of A. bipunctata, especially at low densities, suggesting that the two species respond differently to an increase in prey density.At low prey densities, adults and 4th instars of both species exhibited a similar response to an increase in prey density but at higher densities the 4th instars and adult stages of A. bipunctata showed higher attack rates when compared with the same stages of A. obliterata.Adult and 4th instar A. obliterata exhibited Type II functional responses on spruce sections. The 4th instar A. obliterata larva appeared to be a more effective predator than the adult of the species, and was more effective when compared with adult A. bipunctata at lower prey densities but A. bipunctata adults appeared to be a more effective predator at higher prey densities.The host plant affected the rate of consumption by adult A. obliterata as adults on Sitka spruce sections consumed significantly higher numbers of aphids than their counterparts on Norway spruce. This was most noticeable at densities above 16 aphids.The distributions of the two coccinellid species in the olfactometer were significantly affected by the presence of host plant material. Aphidecta obliterata adults were found in significantly higher numbers in the Sitka spruce chambers than the control chambers (those without plant material). Adalia bipunctata adults were found in significantly lower numbers in the Norway spruce chamber than the control chamber.Although A. bipunctata has a higher level of voracity than A. obliterata, the latter is more adapted to the spruce environment and the boom and bust population dynamics of E. abietinum.  相似文献   

12.
13.
NIN1 is an essential gene for growth of the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae and was recently found to encode a component of the regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome. Thenin1-1 mutant is temperature sensitive and its main defect is in G1/S progression and G2/M progression at non-permissive temperatures. One of the two multicopy suppressors ofnin1-1, SUN2 (SUppressor of Nin1-1), was found to encode a protein of 523 amino acids whose sequence is similar to those ofDrosophila melanogaster diphenol oxidase A2 and the mouse mast-cell Tum transplantation antigen, P91A. The C-terminal half of Sun2p was found to be functional as Sun2p at 25° C, 30° C, and 34° C but not at 37° C. The open reading frame (ORF) of theDrosophila diphenol oxidase A2 gene (Dox-A2) was obtained from a lambda phage cDNA library using the polymerase chain reaction technique. TheDox-A2 ORF driven by theTDH3 promoter complemented the phenotype of a strain deleted forsun2. ThisDox-A2-dependent strain was temperature sensitive and accumulated dumb-bell-shaped cells, with an undivided nucleus at the isthmus, after temperature upshift. This morphology is similar to that ofnin1-1 cells kept at a restrictive temperature. These results suggest thatSUN2 is a functional counterpart ofDox-A2 and that these genes play a pivotal role in the cell cycle in each organism.  相似文献   

14.
Twenty Aspergillus strains were evaluated for production of extracellular cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities. Aspergillus brasiliensis, A. niger and A. japonicus produced the highest xylanase activities with the A. brasiliensis and A. niger strains producing thermostable β-xylosidases. The β-xylosidase activities of the A. brasiliensis and A. niger strains had similar temperature and pH optima at 75°C and pH 5 and retained 62% and 99%, respectively, of these activities over 1 h at 60°C. At 75°C, these values were 38 and 44%, respectively. Whereas A. niger is a well known enzyme producer, this is the first report of xylanase and thermostable β-xylosidase production from the newly identified, non-ochratoxin-producing species A. brasiliensis.  相似文献   

15.
Agrobacterium rhizogenes was used for efficient transformation of chrysanthemum. Two types of Agrobacterium, A. rhizogenes (A-13) and A. tumefaciens (LBA4404), which harbor pIG121-Hm, were employed for infection. In the A. rhizogenes-infected explants, hairy roots were not observed on any tested medium or culture condition. When explants were cultured on shoot induction medium, calli were formed at the cutting edge within 4–6 weeks of culture, and shoot primordia were observed on the callus surface after 2 weeks of callus formation. Consequently, with gus introduction, a significantly higher transformation rate was observed for A. rhizogenes (6.0%) compared with A. tumefaciens (3.3%). However, only 0.6% of the frequency of rol insertion was exhibited in A. rhizogenes mediation. These results indicate that A. rhizogenes effectively introduces T-DNA of the binary plasmid into the chrysanthemum genome by introducing Ri T-DNA at a low frequency. It also indicates that the system is a useful alternative for the transformation of chrysanthemum.  相似文献   

16.
Summary The nucleotide sequence of the Azotobacter vinelandii nifL-like gene (Av-nifL) was determined. The 1.9 kb sequence shows an open reading frame (ORF) of 1557 by which encodes a polypeptide of 519 amino acids, with a calculated molecular weight of 57 793. Av-nifL has about 50 % homology with the Klebsiella pneumoniae nifL gene (Kp-nifL) at the nucleotide level and a little more than 52% homology at the amino acid level. The N-terminal regions show more homology than the C-terminal regions. As is the case in K. pneumoniae, Av-nifL is located just upstream of the A. vinelandii nifA gene (Av-nifA) and both genes constitute an operon. The expression of Av-nifL, however, seems to be independent of NtrA and NtrC. Furthermore, Av-nifL expression is not autogenously regulated by NifA, unlike the case in K. pneumoniae. The expression of an Av-nifL: lacZ fusion in A. vinelandii is inhibited by novobiocin and coumermycin A, which are inhibitors of DNA gyrase.  相似文献   

17.
Microsphaeropsis amaranthi and Phomopsis amaranthicola are potential biological control agents for several Amaranthus species. In an effort to understand the initial infection processes with these pathogens, a study was conducted of the conidial germination and germ tube length (μm) on the weed leaf surfaces at 21 °C and 28 °C. Weeds included Amaranthus rudis, A. palmeri, A. powellii, A. retroflexus, A. spinosus, A. hybridus, and A. albus. For P. amaranthicola, conidial germination and germ tube length varied among the seven weed species at both temperatures, while for M. amaranthi the differences in germ tube lengths were significant among weed species only at 21 °C. While the conidia of M. amaranthi and P. amaranthicola germinated on the leaf surfaces of all seven weed species, temperature appeared to impact the number and length of germ tubes on the leaf surfaces. The percentage of germinated conidia and the length of germ tubes at both temperatures were often greater for M. amaranthi than for P. amaranthicola. In order for the fungal pathogen to successfully infect and kill a weedy host, conidia must germinate and form a germ tube, two processes that vary with host species and temperature for M. amaranthi and P. amaranthicola. The extent to which successive infection processes, e.g., penetration, invasion and colonization, contribute to host specificity warrants study.  相似文献   

18.
Autonomous P elements, inserted in heterochromatic telomeric associated sequences (TAS) at the X chromosome telomere (site 1A) have strong P element regulatory properties that include repression of P-induced hybrid-dysgenesis and of P-lacZ expression in the germline. P-lacZ insertions or defective P elements at 1A in TAS can also repress in trans a euchromatic P-lacZ in the germline. This property has been called a trans-silencing effect (TSE). It requires some sequence-homology between the telomeric insertion and the euchromatic transgene. When repression is partial, variegating lacZ expression is observed, suggesting a chromatin-based component. TSE is observed only when the silencer transgenes are maternally inherited and occurs only in the female germline. We have evidence that this silencing also works in the presence of homologous non-P element sequences suggesting that homology-dependent silencing could be a general phenomenon in the female germline; such a system might have been subsequently adopted by the P element family, allowing its own repression.  相似文献   

19.
Infestation of sugar cane nodes by the mealybug Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell) was studied in two commercial fields over a 7-month period in 1987. Natural enemies associated with S. sacchari were fungi Aspergillus parasiticus Speare, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin, and Penicillium spp.; the dipteran Cacoxenus perspicax Knab; and the hymenopteran parasitoid Anagyrus saccharicola Timberlake. A. parasiticus was the predominent natural enemy of S. sacchari whereas all other natural enemies showed a low level of activity. The highest prevalence of A. parasiticus was in March when it occurred on 84% of S. sacchari-infested nodes. The prevalence of A. parasiticus declined rapidly during April and May and was absent in the winter months during which nodal infestation of S. sacchari increased. In laboratory bioassays all fungal isolates originating from S. sacchari were more virulent at 28°C than at 24°C. Laboratory studies supported the hypothesis based on field observations that temperature highly influenced the efficacy of A. parasiticus against S. sacchari.  相似文献   

20.
Varroa jacobsoni (Acari: Varroidae) is more than one species   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Varroa jacobsoni was first described as a natural ectoparasitic mite of the Eastern honeybee (Apis cerana) throughout Asia. It later switched host to the Western honeybee (A. mellifera) and has now become a serious pest of that bee worldwide. The studies reported here on genotypic, phenotypic and reproductive variation among V. jacobsoni infesting A. cerana throughout Asia demonstrate that V. jacobsoni is a complex of at least two different species. In a new classification V. jacobsoni is here redefined as encompassing nine haplotypes (mites with distinct mtDNA CO-I gene sequences) that infest A. cerana in the Malaysia–Indonesia region. Included is a Java haplotype, specimens of which were used to first describe V. jacobsoni at the beginning of this century. A new name, V. destructor n. sp., is given to six haplotypes that infest A. cerana on mainland Asia. Adult females of V. destructor are significantly larger and less spherical in shape than females of V. jacobsoni and they are also reproductively isolated from females of V. jacobsoni. The taxonomic positions of a further three unique haplotypes that infest A. cerana in the Philippines is uncertain and requires further study.Other studies reported here also show that only two of the 18 different haplotypes concealed within the complex of mites infesting A. cerana have become pests of A. mellifera worldwide. Both belong to V. destructor, and they are not V. jacobsoni. The most common is a Korea haplotype, so-called because it was also found parasitizing A. cerana in South Korea. It was identified on A. mellifera in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Less common is a Japan/Thailand haplotype, so-called because it was also found parasitizing A. cerana in Japan and Thailand. It was identified on A. mellifera in Japan, Thailand and the Americas.Our results imply that the findings of past research on V. jacobsoni are applicable mostly to V. destructor. Our results will also influence quarantine protocols for bee mites, and may present new strategies for mite control.  相似文献   

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