成年龙眼园平衡施肥示范试验

示范试验结果表明,成年龙眼的平衡施肥对提高土壤肥力,保护树体适宜营养水平以及增加果实产量有明显作用,从而证实平衡施肥方案的可行性。作者推荐,闽南丘陵地成年龙眼园的年施肥方案：Ｎ２０￣２５ｋｇ;Ｎ：Ｐ２Ｏ５：Ｋ２Ｏ：ＣａＯ：ＭｇＯ＝１．０：０．５：￣０．６：１．０￣１．１：０．８：０．４。     

丹参高产栽培优化配方施肥技术研究

采用N、P二因素五水平和N、P、K三因素五水平最优设计,在陕西商洛进行了丹参的氮磷钾肥施用量及配比试验研究。求得丹参NP和NPK的肥效反应数学模型,通过模拟选优,提出了丹参El标产量在5000～5700kg／hm^2之间的N、P用量是N115．5～214．3kg／hm^2,P2O5用量是153．4～243．4kg／hm^2(N：P2O5=1：1．15)。丹参目标产量在8000～9500kg／hm^2之间的N、P、K施肥用量N133．8～207．5kg／hm^2,P2O5用量是68．25～115．8kg／hm^2,K2O用量是80．3～146．5kg／hm^2(N：P2O5：K2O=1：0．54：0．67)。     

琼花的离体快速繁殖

1植物名称琼花（ViburnummacrocephalumFort.f.keteleeri），又名聚八仙、八仙花。2材料类别幼胚、幼年态茎芽和成年态顶芽、腋芽。未成熟果实来自昆山亭林公园；幼年态茎芽取自实生无菌苗；成年态茎芽是江苏农学院和扬州大明寺赠送的枝条。3＿培养条件（）未成熟种子及幼胚培养基：MS＋6－BA0．l～1．0mg·L－‘（单位下同）＋GA八1～5；（2）幼年态茎芽增殖培养基：MS＋ZTI～5＋IAA0．1～1．0；（3）成年态茎芽增殖培养基：MS＋ZTI～5＋ZIP0．5～2＋IAA0．l～1．0；（4）生根培养基：l／ZMS＋IBA0．5～2．0。以上蔗糖除生根…     

水稻氮,磷,钾营养和合理施肥

肥料是作物的“粮食”,高产必须施肥。现以水稻为例,阐述各生育期的营养生理特点,提出合理施肥原则。1水稻各生育期对氮、磷、钾的需求水稻苗期和分美盛期是水稻吸收氮、磷、钾的营养高峰期。在此期间叶片含氮量为3％～5％;含磷量（P2P2）为0．2％;含钾量（K2O）为2％～3．5％,甚至达5.5％以上。叶片含氮量在2．5％以下,则不发生分蘖。含磷量少于0．1％时长出来的分蘖也会死亡。叶片含钾（K2O）在1．4％～1．8％以下（有的认为是1．0％～1．5％以下）则为分蘖期钾的临界值。可见苗期和分荣盛期前充分施氮、磷、钾三要素对促进植株…     

巨紫荆幼胚再生体系的建立

1植物名称巨紫荆（（Cercls gtgantea Cheng et Keng f．）,植株来源于本校校园内。2材料类别9月上旬巨紫荆荚果中未成熟种胚。3培养条件幼胚萌发与无菌苗生长的培养基：（1）-（3）1／2MS＋6-BA0．5mg．L-1（单位下同）＋蔗糖（2％、2．5％、3％）;（4）-（6）1／2MS0＋6-BA0．5＋蔗;膪（2％、2．5％、3％）;（7）～（8）1／2MS＋6-BA0．5＋维生素C（Vc,0．5、1．0）;（9）-（10）1／2MS0＋6-BA0．5＋Vc（0．5、1．0）。芽增殖培养基：（11）MK＋6-BA0．5＋NAA0．1;（12）MK＋6-BA0,75＋NAA0．1;（13）MK＋6-BA0．5＋NAA0．25;（14）MK＋6-BA0．75＋NAA0．25;（15）MK＋6-BA1．0＋NAA0．25;（16）MK＋6-BA1．5＋NAA0．25;壮苗培养基：（17）MK＋6-BA0．75＋NAA0．1＋1．0g．L-1水解酪蛋白（CH）;08）MK＋6．BA1．O＋NAA0．1＋1．0g．L-1CH;（19）MK＋6-BA0．75＋NAA0．25＋1．0g．L-1CH;（20）MK＋6-BAl．0＋NAAO．25＋1．0g．L-1 CH;（21）MK＋6．BA1．5＋NAA0．25＋1．0g．L-1CH。生根培养基：（22）MK＋IBA0．5＋NAA1．O;（23）MK＋IBA1．O＋NAA0．5;（24）MK＋IBA1．0＋NAA1．O;（25）MK＋IBA1．5＋NAA0．5;（26）MK＋IBA1．5＋NAA1．0。培养基（7）-（26）添加2．5％的蔗糖。     

响叶杨叶片组织培养成苗

PlantletRegenerationfromLeavesofPopulusadenopopobyTissueCultureZHUZhong－Rong、YANGYe－Zheng,WL’Xiao－Xian（t;ltible,IIAeri（ndl’7’ot－tZdhw’．（二550025）1植物名称响叶杨（几周讪。。0小叨0即向）。2材料类别成年优良单株休眠住条经水塔抽出的新生叶片。3培养条件（l）叶片分地出芽培养基：WPM＋6－BAO．5～ling／L（单位下同一十NAA1十蔗糖3％十琼脂0．8％．PH5sc（2）小芽增殖培养基：l／2MS＋6－BA0．2～05＋NAA0．of十蔗糖2／十球脂0．8％,PH58。（）诱导生根培养基：1／2MS＋NAA0．2十蔗糖…     

氮、钾营养对烤烟产量、产值和优质烟叶比例的影响

通过田间小区试验,研究氮素和钾素对烤烟产量、产值及优质烟叶(中上等烟叶)比例的影响,结果表明：(1)烤烟产量与施钾肥量具有显著正相关,并与施氮肥量有关;(2)产值与施氮肥量呈显著二次曲线相关性;(3)中上等烟比例与施肥比例(N／K)呈显著负相关,与施钾量、烟叶含钾量、土壤供钾能力有关。试验区烤烟优质、适产,要求施氮量(N)105一l12．8kg／hm2,施钾量(K)217．95—261．45kg／hm2,施肥比例(N／K比)0．40—0．48(N：K＝1：2．1—2．50或N：K2O＝1：2．5—3．0)。     

施肥对金盏菊生长、开花及养分吸收的影响

研究了氮、磷、钾不同施肥处理对金盏菊（Calendula officinalisL.）生长、开花、干物质积累量及养分吸收的影响。结果表明：推荐施肥[N-P2O5-K2O：（0.4-0.2-0.3）g/kg]能有效促进金盏菊的生长及花朵开放,其中干物质积累量和总花朵数,分别比不施肥处理增加了264.3%和323.1%,比习惯施肥增加了16.0%和25.0%;不施肥、习惯施肥和推荐施肥三者干物质日积累量高峰均出现在移栽后29～35 d,分别为0.15、0.43、0.42 g/d;各处理氮、磷、钾吸收量之间均存在显著差异,推荐施肥处理N、P、K养分累积量分别为0.33、0.04、0.39 g/株,分别是不施肥处理的6.93倍、3.94倍和3.61倍,为习惯施肥的1.49倍、1.35倍和1.24倍,各处理金盏菊对N、P、K养分吸收比例变幅为1∶（0.13～0.24）∶（1.20～2.30）,平均比例为1∶0.17∶1.65。     

花烛的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称花烛（Anthuriumandraeanum）,别名红掌、安祖花。2材料类别叶柄、叶片。3培养条件基本培养基为改良MS[NH4NO3改为412mg·L-1（单位下同）,FeSO4·7H2O改为9．3],简称ZS。诱导愈伤组织培养基：（1）ZS＋6－BA4。芽分化培养基：（2）ZS＋6-BA1＋KT1;（3）ZS＋6-BA2;（4）ZS＋6－BA0．5＋KT0．1;（5）ZS＋6－BA0．5。诱导生根培养基：（6）1／3ZS＋IBA0．5。以上培养基均加0．65％琼脂,3％蔗糖（根培养为2％）,pH5．8～60。培养温度28～30℃,光照度1000～1500lx,光照10～12h·d－1。4生长与分化情况4．1…     

樟的离体繁殖

1植物名称樟（G）ran7Th7Yollas,zzrx＃zl）,又名香榜、小叶樟。2材料类别项芽和胶芽。3培养条件所用培养基和激素为：（1）MS＋BA3mg·I。－‘（单位下同）＋NAA0．5＋GAsO．l;（2）MS＋BA3＋NAA0．2～O5;（3）MS＋BA5＋NAA0．2～0．5;（4）ER＋IBA05;（5）1／2MS（微量元素减半）。以上培养基除（4）、（5）蔗糖为2％外,其余均为3％;琼腊0．6％,州5．6～5．8。培养温度26土2”C,每天光照12h,光照度2000IX。4生长与分化情况4月间剪取八至十年生樟根茎联接处当年生幼态萌条的嫩芽,用自来水冲洗干净,7O％酒精浸…     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.     

（鱼句）亚科花（鱼骨）型鱼类骨骼系统的比较

对我国花型Hemibarbuspattern鱼类作了骨骼系统比较,结果表明,此类型鱼类脑颅较长,副蝶骨平直或稍弯曲,眶蝶骨腹纵嵴发达(铜鱼Coreius septentrionalis例外),下颞窝和咽突中等大,基枕骨后突发达;脑颅中的上筛骨的后突、侧筛骨的外筛突,蝶耳骨的外突、上耳骨的后突、围眶骨和后颞窝等均有明显的差异;咽颅中的舌颌骨、尾舌骨、鳃盖骨和下咽齿的列数等又有显著的区别;附肢骨骼中的腰带骨、脊椎骨中的复合神经骨和第4椎骨腹侧的悬器等也有不同之处。据此,这些差异和区别可作为属间或种间的分类依据。