杰氏涡虫属一新种及中国一新纪录种(扁形动物门,单肠目,达氏科)

报道中国杰氏涡虫属1新种:丽杰氏涡虫Gieysztoria pulchra sp.nov.,标本采于广东省梅州市郊区鱼塘,对新种涡虫的形态特征作了详细描述,并与杰氏涡虫属所有物种进行了比较;中国1新纪录亚种:大变杰氏涡虫九刺亚种Gieysztoria macrovariata 9-spinosa Luther,1955,标本分别采自安徽芜湖市和湖北省武汉市东湖.所有标本保存在深圳大学生命科学学院形态学研究室.     

两种小达氏涡虫的阴茎发育与分类性状关系

小达氏涡虫属个体的骨质阴茎足物种鉴定的重要依据.本实验观察了中国小达氏涡虫(Microdalyellia sinensis)与湖南小达氏涡虫(M.hunanensis)阴茎的形态形成及发育.结果表明:(1)阴茎末端各分支的形态形成是一次性成型,终身不变;(2)两种涡虫在发育的第12 d都完成阴茎的骨质化;(3)阴茎的基柄形态随个体发育而增长.研究证实,小达氏涡虫属阴茎末端分支结构是稳定的分类性状,可以作为重要的分类依据.     

达氏科(扁形动物门,单肠目)涡虫二新种

本文记述淡水涡虫类单肠目Rhabdocoela达氏科Dalyelliidae小达氏涡虫属Microdalyellia一新种,广东小达氏涡虫Microdelyellia guangdongensis Wang et Rong,sp.nov.,模式标本由卢彦宏于2013年6月9日采自广东省深圳市石岩水库(22°40'58″N,113°53'42″E);杰氏涡虫属Gieysztoria一新种,七星岩杰氏涡虫Gieysztoria qixingyanensis Wang et Rong,sp.nov.,模式标本由刘旭坤于2014年8月6日采自广东省肇庆市七星岩风景区(23°04'32″N,112°28'46″E)。对2个涡虫新种的形态特征作了详细描述,并分别与小达氏涡虫属和杰氏涡虫属近似物种进行了比较。所有标本保存于中国科学院国家动物博物馆。     

丽杰氏涡虫和中国小达氏涡虫的神经系统

利用乙酰胆碱脂酶分布定位的组织化学方法,描述了丽杰氏涡虫和中国小达氏涡虫的神经系统。结果显示:1.中国小达氏涡虫神经结构由一对脑神经节、10条纵神经索、一对咽侧神经节、一条围咽神经环和多条斜向的横神经等分支组成,腹纵神经索最粗,对生殖系统的控制已经呈现分工,无梯状结构;2.丽杰氏涡虫神经由一对脑神经节和8条纵神经索构成,有明显的梯状结构。经比较,表明这二种涡虫神经结构有明显差异。     

小达氏涡虫属一新种(扁形动物门,单肠目,达氏科)

报道中国小达氏涡虫属1新种:湖南小达氏涡虫Microdalyellia humanensis nov.sp.,模式标本采集于湖南新宁县莨山镇黄背村(26°44′N,110°84′E),对新种涡虫的形态特征作了详细描述,所有标本保存在深圳大学生命科学学院.     

达氏科中国一新纪录属一新种(扁形动物门,单肠目,达氏亚目)

报道了单肠目达氏亚目达氏科涡虫中国1新纪录属,杰氏涡虫属及1新种:深圳杰氏涡虫Gieysztoria shenzhensis sp.nov..对其形态特征作了详细描述,并与近似种进行了比较.     

杰氏涡虫属一新种(扁形动物门,单肠目,达氏科)

报道单肠目达氏科杰氏涡虫属1新种,武夷山杰氏涡虫Gieysztoria wuyishanensis Wang et Lai,sp.nov.,隶属于杰氏涡虫属异刺群钩刺亚群,该亚群涡虫在中国属首次报道.标本由张宇于2005年5月6日采自福建省南平市武夷山九曲溪(27°45′N,118°1′E)的溪边水草间,水温18℃,pH7.8.详细描述了新种形态特征,所有标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所.     

中国涡虫一新纪录科达氏涡虫属一新种(单肠目,达氏科)

记述了中国涡虫纲单肠目1新纪录科达氏科达氏涡虫属1新种,即中国达氏涡虫Dalyellia sinensis sp.nov..新种的主要鉴别特征是:表皮下有许多单细胞绿藻Chlorella sp.,体表呈绿色;体长2 200 μm,体中部宽475μm,几丁质阴茎长178 μm,柄2根,柄长100μm,柄宽13～15 μm,两柄间距188 μm,分支2条,呈心形排列,阴茎上有几丁质刺22根,分支末端的刺长是基部刺长的1/5.标本保存在深圳大学生命科学学院形态学研究室.     

达氏科中国一新纪录属及三新种(扁形动物门,单肠目,达氏亚目)

报道淡水扁形动物中国1新纪录属--小达氏涡虫属及3新种:木鱼小达氏涡虫Microdalyellia muyuensissp.nov.,神农架小达氏涡虫M.shennongjiae sp nov.,中国小达氏涡虫M sinensis sp.nov..前2种标本采于湖北省神农架木鱼镇的溪流,后1种采于广东汕头市郊区小河;对3新种涡虫的形态特征作了详细描述和比较,并与近似种进行了比较.     

小达氏涡虫属(扁形动物门,单肠目,达氏科)亚洲一新纪录种

本文报道了采自江西省九江市武宁县花棚村池塘的中国淡水扁彤动物单肠目达氏科小达氏涡虫属1新纪录种,即褐小达氏涡虫Microdalyellia fusca Fuhrmann,1894;详细描述了涡虫的形态特征,介绍了整装片标本的制作方法;同时比较了中国标本与产自德国的模式标本间的异同,其关键分类性状骨质阴茎的大体形态一致,但阴茎长度及其未端各分支的大小存在明显差异,推测是地理分布产生的品系间差别.所有标本保存在深圳大学生命科学学院.     

Two new species of the genus Gieysztoria (Rhabdocoela: Dalyelliidae) from China

Two new turbellarian species, Gieysztoria shantouensis Zhang, Li Wang, sp. nov. and G. huizhouensis Zhang, Wu Wang, sp. nov. are described, which were collected from ditches in Shantou and Dongjiang River, Huizhou of Guangdong Province, respectively. G. macrovariata(Weise, 1942) was firstly recorded in China. All specimens examined were deposited in National Zoological Museum, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.     

日本北海道虻类雌性外生殖器形态(双翅目：虻科)(英文)

【目的】利用日本北海道虻类评估和验证外生殖器在分类学上的意义。【方法】将虻类成虫标本浸渍在生理盐水中并置于双目显微镜下通过针和镊子在培养皿中进行解剖并绘图,观察第9背板、第10背板、尾叶、第8腹板、受精囊、受精囊管及生殖叉器的形态特征。【结果】在日本北海道共记录了虻科(Tabanidae) 3亚科7属38种。我们观察并描述了3亚科其中的6属24种的雌性外生殖器的主要特征。亚科之间存在明显差异;然而在一般情况下属之间很难建立一种方法来确定共同点;种之间只有在斑虻属Chrysops中有相似之处,其他属中则比较多样化。因此,亚科鉴定根据第9背板、第8腹板及受精囊足以进行区分,属及种鉴定需要结合第9背板、第10背板、尾叶、第8腹板、受精囊、受精囊管及生殖叉器各自的特征组合在一起才能区分开来。我们也制作了虻类外生殖器的检索表。【结论】和许多其他昆虫一样,外生殖器是虻科的重要分类特征,对于促进分类学和系统学的发展具有重要意义。本研究首次对分布在日本北海道的虻科雌性外生殖器进行了系统研究。     

Climate warming and reproduction in Chinese alligators

The Chinese alligator Alligator sinensis is a critically endangered species endemic to China, and one of the most endangered crocodilian species in the world. Like many other reptiles, important aspects of alligator biology such as foraging, timing of hibernation, breeding and the sex ratio of offspring are all affected by temperature variation. We examined the effects of long-term temperature change on oviposition dates and clutch sizes of the Chinese alligator in a semi-natural facility in southern China. Our study focused on two captive generations including an old breeding generation captured from the wild and a generation composed of their F1 offspring. Median oviposition date shifted to earlier in the year and mean clutch size was larger for both generations as the monthly mean air temperature in April increased over the 19 years of data collection. We observed a mean advance in oviposition date of 10 days for the old breeding generation from 1987 to 2005 and 8 days for both generations from 1991 to 2005. Correspondingly, clutch sizes for the two generations also increased during this period. There were no differences in median oviposition dates and clutch sizes between the two generations from 1991 to 2005. Our results suggest that Chinese alligators have responded to increasing global temperatures. Our findings also suggest that recent increasing global temperatures have the potential to have a substantial effect on Chinese alligator populations in the wild, thus prompting an urgent need for field monitoring of the effects of global warming on this endangered alligator species.     

Growth,maturation and survival in a laboratory-reared Rhabdocoelid Turbellarian,Macrostomum orthostylum (BRAUN 1885)

Growth, maturation and survival of a free living turbellarian Macrostomum orthostylum (BRAUN), from a brackish water fish-farm, were studied in the laboratory under a constant temperature of 24 °C. The worms tolerated a wide range of salinity (1 to 30‰). Maximum growth (total length) of 1000 μm was attained in 56 days with a mean growth rate of 15.7 μm d^-1. Minimum maturation time (7 days) and highest longevity (112 days) were recorded in 9%. salinity. Survival period was considerably longer at lower salinities (1 to 10‰) and showed negative relationship with higher salinities (11 to 30‰).     

Species specificity in photoperiodic control of nymphal development in four species of cricket from north-west China

Photoperiodic regulation of nymphal development was examined in four species of cricket collected in the Xinjiang‐Uygur Autonomy Region, China (approximately 43°N, 81–89°E). Fifty percent of individuals of Modicogryllus frontalis reared at 28°C reached adulthood in approximately 80 days in conditions of 11 h light : 13 h dark (LD 11:13) to 14:10, and in approximately 95 days under LD 15:9 to 16:8. Melanogryllus desertus started adult emergence earliest under LD 16:8 at 28°C, but some individuals required much longer to mature, and thus two peaks of adult emergence occurred at approximately 60 and 160 days after hatching. More individuals hatched during the late peak in LD 18:6 than in LD 16:8. The mean nymphal period was approximately 100 days in LD 11:13 to 14:10. Both species showed short‐day type photoperiodic responses, but Mo. frontalis developed faster than did Me. desertus. The latter occupied a wider range of habitat conditions and was more variable in life cycle than the former. Modicogryllus burdigalensis started adult emergence earliest in LD 16:8 at 28°C in the six photoperiods tested, most adults emerging within 60 days. The mean nymphal period was 80 days in LD 15:9, 135 days in LD 14:10 and 80–100 days in LD 11:13 to 13:11, showing an intermediate type of photoperiodic response. Acheta domesticus was a long‐day type species, and the proportion of delayed individuals increased with decreasing photoperiod. In the dry climate of Xinjiang‐Uygur, nymphal overwintering seems to be successful in all of the four different patterns of nymphal development.     

Argyrotaenia sphaleropa (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in citrus in the State of Paraná, Brazil

Argyrotaenia sphaleropa (Meyrick) is associated with various fruit species in South America. This tortricid was first detected in citrus, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, in Brazil, in commercial groves in northern Paraná, during the 1994/95-crop season. The aim of this work was to study the biology of this lepidopteran under laboratory conditions (28 +/- 2 degrees C, 70 +/-10% UR, 14h photofase) using the citrus cultivar Pêra. Larvae obtained from egg masses collected in a commercial citrus grove in Rolandia, PR, were individually placed on citrus terminal leaves inside glass shell vials (8.5 x 2.5 cm) until adulthood. A male and a female moth were then transferred to acrylic cages (13 x 10 cm) containing inside a bouquet made with new citrus flush to serve as oviposition substrate. Adults were fed daily with a 10% honey solution. The biological parameters evaluated were duration of development of egg, larval and pupal stages; pupae weight; duration of pre-oviposition and oviposition periods, fecundity and longevity. The length of the egg to adult stage was around 36 days. The pre-oviposition period was almost two days, the oviposition period approximately ten days and the embryonary period around six days. Adult longevity was almost 15 days for females and nine days for males, and the lifetime fecundity was slightly over 180 eggs.     

雄全异株植物瘿椒树(省沽油科)的传粉生物学

从开花动态、传粉昆虫、花的形态结构、繁育系统、花粉活力和柱头可授性等方面研究了我国特有珍稀植物瘿椒树(Tapiscia sinensis Oliv.)的传粉生物学特性。瘿椒树是典型的雄全异株植物,两性花中含有功能性花粉,且自交亲和,但雄花花粉活力和萌发力是两性花的10倍以上。雄株和两性植株具有相同开花物候期,花期均为5月下旬至6月上旬,单花期为4-5天,雄花和两性花的5枚花药开裂的不同步性明显延长了散粉时间。两性花雌蕊先熟,柱头可授性较长。具有适应风媒和虫媒传粉的花部特征。传粉昆虫主要为蜜蜂科(Apidae)和食蚜蝇科(Syrphidae)昆虫,访花高峰期为8:30-10:30。维持瘿椒树雄全异株的可能机制是:雄株总体上增加了异交花粉的数量和质量;两性花的雄蕊为该物种提供了繁殖保障,同时为传粉者提供了报酬。     

中国尾蛱蝶属雄性外生殖器比较形态学研究(鳞翅目,蛱蝶科,螯蛱蝶亚科)

对中国尾蛱蝶属Polyura9个种的雄性外生殖器进行了比较形态学研究,结果表明,雄性外生殖器种间存在明显差异,可作为种类鉴别依据;并根据雄性外生殖器特征编制了中国尾蛱蝶属的种检索表。     

Slow genital and genetic but rapid non-genital and ecological differentiation in a pair of spider species (Araneae,Pholcidae)

Like most animals with internal fertilization, spiders tend to have species-specific genitalia, allowing closely related species to be identified by their reproductive morphology more easily than by non-genital characters. This implies that genitalia evolve on average more rapidly than non-genital morphological traits. Here we describe two putative species of Pholcidae from Taiwan (Pholcus pingtung, n. sp.; Pholcus chengpoi, n. sp.) that differ conspicuously in their microhabitat (rocks vs. leaves), coloration, color pattern, and body proportions, but have almost indistinguishable genitalia and cytochrome oxidase I (co1) sequences. The two species have identical yet highly unusual male cheliceral modifications, strongly arguing for sister species. Despite the almost identical genitalia and co1 sequences, we treat the two ‘morphs’ as species for three reasons: (1) they are easily distinguished by several characters; no intermediate specimens were found; (2) subtle yet consistent differences in genital (uncus) shape support the idea of reproductively isolated entities beyond the more conspicuous non-genital differences; (3) each locality provided both types of microhabitat but only one of the two species, arguing against environmental plasticity or polymorphism. We conclude that probably a very recent expansion into a novel microhabitat has led to speciation and rapid ecological and non-genital differentiation, with insufficient time to accumulate significant genital and genetic differences.