代谢组学在中药研究中的应用进展

代谢组学是功能基因组学和系统生物学研究不可或缺的重要组成部分,是通过考察生物体系受刺激或扰动前后代谢产物的动态变化,研究生物体系的代谢网络的一种技术。应用代谢组学高通量、整体性的研究思路来理解中药的作用过程,与中医药的整体、辩证观点是一致的。代谢组学已成为中药研发的一个重要途径和手段,为中药现代化在技术上提供巨大支持,有助于为中药现代化研究寻找更多有效的突破口。本文在前人综述的基础上,着重概括了中药代谢组学研究方法近3年来在中药有效物质基础和作用机制、药物作用模型的鉴别和确证、毒性研究和中药安全性评价等方面的应用情况,同时展望了代谢组学方法所面临的机遇和挑战。     

空间分辨代谢组学在疾病诊断研究中的应用进展

基于质谱成像技术发展而来的空间分辨代谢组学;能够直接对动植物组织或细胞中的代谢产物进行原位定性、定量;以及借力图像整体或局部特征对代谢物进行结构、含量、时空动态变化及其空间分布定位分析;识别潜在可靠的生物标志物。该技术具有高灵敏度、高分辨率、高可视化性以及无需标记等优点;已被越来越广泛地运用在临床疾病诊断与研究中。本文主要总结了近年来空间分辨代谢组学的技术发展;阐述其在肿瘤、神经精神疾病、糖尿病等疾病中的应用进展;旨在为空间分辨代谢组学在疾病诊断中的应用提供借鉴和参考。     

代谢组学在肿瘤药物靶点筛选中的应用进展

肿瘤是一种多因素参与造成机体各系统功能平衡紊乱的代谢性疾病,代谢重编程是恶性肿瘤的重要特征之一.研究"代谢指纹图谱"的代谢组学,通过揭示肿瘤或药物引起的宿主内源性代谢物的变化,为肿瘤药物靶点的筛选提供了可能.但目前对代谢组在肿瘤药物靶点筛选中的整体性综述并不多见,因此,本文在介绍了代谢组学筛选肿瘤药物靶点的流程的基础上...     

代谢组学在脊髓损伤疾病中的作用

脊髓损伤是一种灾难性疾病,由于其较高的死亡率和致残率给社会带来巨大的经济负担。目前尚无有效手段使受损神经功能完全恢复。快速、准确地评估脊髓损伤的严重程度和预后,有助于在早期为患者制定最佳的治疗和康复方案,临床意义重大。代谢组学迅速发展,可用于发现能评估脊髓损伤的潜在生物标志物,并通过研究代谢途径的改变进一步探索脊髓损伤的病理生理机制,为发现潜在的治疗靶点和药物开发提供理论基础。     

代谢组学在乳酸菌研究中的应用

代谢组学是系统生物学的重要分支,因其高效、高通量等特点而广泛应用于食品科学、药物学等研究领域。本文概述了代谢组学的分离和检测技术,综述了代谢组学在乳酸菌鉴定、发酵调控、肠道菌群研究等方面中的应用,对代谢组学在乳酸菌研究中潜在的问题和未来发展趋势进行了讨论,期望为代谢组学在食品工业微生物中的应用提供参考。     

代谢组学在疾病诊断中的应用

代谢组学（metabolomics）的出现是生命科学研究的必然。在20世纪90年代中期发展起来的代谢组学,是对某一生物或细胞中相对分子量小于1,000的小分子代谢产物进行定性和定量分析的一门新学科。代谢组作为系统生物学的重要组成部分,在临床医学领域具有广泛的应用前景。     

代谢组学在常见眼科疾病中的应用及展望

代谢组学(metabolomics)是继基因组学和蛋白质组学之后发展起来的一门新兴系统生物学分支学科。代谢组学主要是全面系统地、定性定量地研究生命体对外界刺激、生理病理变化以及基因突变等因素而产生的体内代谢物水平的多元动态变化,近年来被广泛用于临床疾病的研究。代谢组学研究终端代谢产物的变化规律,有着较高的灵敏度及准确性,为疾病研究提供了新的途径,目前也越来越多地应用于眼科疾病研究。本文主要围绕代谢组学的基本原理及代谢组学在常见眼科疾病中的应用及展望进行综述,有助于进一步梳理常见眼科疾病的防治策略,为眼科疾病的机制探索提供思路。     

代谢组学在植物逆境生物学中的研究进展

近年随着持续而又复杂环境的改变,自然界中生物和非生物胁迫频繁爆发,多种逆境胁迫严重影响了植物的正常生长和发育,尤其是农作物产量.逆境胁迫下植物体内代谢物的重塑是其基因与环境因素共同作用的结果,是植物体生理表型与体内生化水平的直接体现,逆境胁迫下代谢组的重塑很大程度上反映了植物体对逆境胁迫的响应和防御.代谢组学的兴起,为...     

生物组学在污染环境微生物修复研究中的应用

随着分子生物学、生物信息学和各种理化检测技术的发展,特别是人类基因组计划成功实施以来,基因组学研究取得了重大突破与进展。而包括转录组学、蛋白组学和代谢组学在内的后基因组学也相继出现,并被广泛应用在环境微生物学的各个研究领域。本文主要概述了当前基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学在污染环境生物修复研究中的最新研究进展,分析比较了各组学的优势与不足,同时结合本课题组的主要研究方向探讨了各生物组学在赤潮生消过程和有机污染物降解机理等研究中的应用。     

基于稳定同位素的代谢组学临床研究进展

基于稳定同位素示踪的代谢组学不仅能检测疾病发生发展及治疗过程中相关代谢物的变化,还可以对生物体系的代谢物进行定量分析并描述代谢特性。目前,稳定同位素示踪的代谢组学技术可在受试者体内直接追踪到代谢网络的单个原子,更有利于发现与疾病病因和诊断及药物疗效评估相关的生物标志物。现就稳定同位素示踪代谢组学在临床研究中的应用做简要概述,以期为将来更好地开展代谢组学在临床方面的研究提供重要依据。     

IgA antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis and metabolic syndrome

Chlamydia pneumoniae may trigger atherogenesis. Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) can also induce endothelial activation. However, its role in metabolic syndrome (METS), a proatherogenic entity, has remained unexplored. In this study the frequencies of IgA and IgG anti-CT antibodies were evaluated by immunoenzymatic assay in METS patients and healthy controls. The survey included 238 individuals (148 with METS). The mean age was 59.7 years. IgA anti-CT antibodies were found significantly more frequently in METS patients (16.9%) than in controls (5.6%) (P= 0.015). The role of such IgA response in METS should be further investigated.     

The link between the metabolic syndrome and cancer

Since the incidence of the metabolic syndrome is on the rise in the western world, its coherence to cancer is becoming more apparent. In this review we discuss the different potential factors involved in the increase of cancer in the metabolic syndrome including obesity, dyslipidemia and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) as well as inflammation and hypoxia. We especially focus on the insulin and IGF systems with their intracellular signaling cascades mediated by different receptor subtypes, and suggest that they may play major roles in this process. Understanding the mechanisms involved will be helpful in developing potential therapeutics.     

Uric Acid: The Oxidant-Antioxidant Paradox

Uric acid, despite being a major antioxidant in the human plasma, both correlates and predicts development of obesity, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, conditions associated with oxidative stress. While one explanation for this paradox could be that a rise in uric acid represents an attempted protective response by the host, we review the evidence that uric acid may function either as an antioxidant (primarily in plasma) or pro-oxidant (primarily within the cell). We suggest that it is the pro-oxidative effects of uric acid that occur in cardiovascular disease and may have a contributory role in the pathogenesis of these conditions.     

Evaluation of NMR spectral data of urine in conjunction with measured clinical chemistry and histopathology parameters to assess the effects of liver and kidney toxicants

Single low and high doses of several compounds with known renal toxic effects (para-aminophenol, puromycin aminonucleoside, sodium chromate, and hexachlorobutadiene,) or known liver toxic effects (galactosamine, allyl alcohol, and thioacetamide) were administered to male Wistar rats in groups of 4 or 8 for each compound. Predose urine samples (Day 0) and samples from post-dosing (Days 1–4) were collected for each rat and monitored by 1D ¹H NMR. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the NMR spectra was used to investigate differences between dose levels for each compound individually. The findings from PCA at both dose levels for each compound were examined in the context of the corresponding clinical chemistry and pathology data collected during the study. The PCA clustering of NMR spectra from rats dosed with each individual compound were shown to be associated with the measured levels of creatinine, BUN, AST, ALT and histopathology findings. Finally, scaled-to-maximum, aligned, and reduced trajectories (SMART) analysis was applied to compare the temporal metabolic trajectories obtained for each animal at each dose level of the administered compounds. By day 4, the SMART trajectories for allyl alcohol and hexachlorobutadiene had returned to predose levels indicating a recovery response, however, the high dose SMART trajectories for para-aminophenol, puromycin aminonucleoside, sodium chromate, and galactosamine did not appear to return to predose levels indicating a prolonged toxic effect.     

血浆游离DNA检测在心血管系统疾病诊断中的应用

心血管疾病发病率和病死率居高不下,寻求敏感性高的生物学指标帮助早期诊断和改善预后意义重大.血浆游离DNA(cell-free DNA,cfDNA)是一类存在于血浆、尿液及其他体液中游离于细胞之外的双链DNA片段.血浆cfDNA水平在心血管疾病的早期明显升高,提示其可能是心血管疾病的潜在生物标志物.为了更深入理解cfDN...     

Comparison of temporal changes in established cardiovascular biomarkers after acute coronary syndrome between Caucasian and Chinese patients with diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Background: Population means of conventional cardiovascular biomarkers are known to differ between ethnic groups. In this study we performed detailed comparisons in the temporal pattern of these biomarkers between Caucasian and Chinese diabetic patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Methods: We studied differences in temporal changes of established cardiovascular biomarkers, including high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol, cardiac Troponin T (TnT), NT-proBNP and C-reactive protein (CRP), in 48 Chinese and 48 clinically matched Caucasian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were admitted for ACS. Blood samples were collected at regular time intervals during 30?days to 1?year after the index ACS.

Results: In the >30?day post ACS period, mean serum levels of LDL (2.16 vs. 1.47?mmol/L; p-value <0.001), total cholesterol (4.08 vs. 3.11?mmol/L; p-value <0.001), TnT (11.0 vs. 7.76?ng/L; p-value 0.010) and CRP (2.0 vs. 0.78?mg/L; p-value <0.001) were systematically higher in Caucasian than in Chinese patients. HDL and NT-proBNP levels were similar.

Conclusions: Our study showed clinically relevant differences in levels of established cardiovascular biomarkers between Caucasian and Chinese post ACS patients. Further cross-ethnic studies are warranted to determine secondary prevention treatment biomarker targets in specific populations.