花生幼苗下胚轴质膜Ca2+-ATP酶及其对低温胁迫的反应

经６％－１２％ＤｅｘｔｒａｎＴ７０密度梯度离心,获得了纯度较高的７ｄ龄花生幼苗下胚轴质膜制剂,质膜Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ在反应系统不存在Ｍｇ＾２＋时,可正常表现水解ＡＴＰ的活性,但此活性明显低于Ｍｇ＾２＋激活的ＡＴＰａｓｅ,Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ不受Ｎａ３ＶＯ４抑制,不被Ｋ＾＋激活,而被Ｃｌ＾－抑制,Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ的最适,ｐＨ不同于Ｍｇ＾２＋激活的ＡＴＰａｓｅ,低温胁迫显著提高质膜Ｃ     

水分胁迫下钙螯合剂与CPZ抑制剂对棉花根和下胚轴两种ATPase…

水分胁迫下棉花根和下胚轴质膜Ｈ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ和Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力,表现Ｋｍ值以及Ｖｍａｘ降低。－０．３ＭＰａ和－１．１ＭＰａ胁迫下质膜ＡＴ－Ｐａｓｅ活力随时间延长分别呈“Ｖ”字形变化和下降趋势。钙螯合剂、ＣａＭ抑制剂对棉花根和下胚轴质膜ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性有明显的抑制效应,抑制程度为－１．１ＭＰａ大于－０．３ＭＰａ大于对照。     

抗寒锻炼对冬小麦幼苗质膜Ca^2＋—ATPase的稳定作用

通过氯化铈（ＣｅＣｌ３）沉淀的电镜细胞化学方法,观察了抗寒锻炼对冬小麦（ＴｒｉｔｉｃｕｍａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍＬ．）幼苗质膜Ｃａ２＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ的稳定作用,主要结果是：（１）正常温度（２０℃）下生长的冬小麦幼苗（未经抗寒锻炼）,其质膜上有很强的Ｃａ２＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性反应;当经过－９℃３ｈ的低温处理后,质膜的Ｃａ２＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性明显降低;在处理１２ｈ后,质膜的Ｃａ２＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性进一步降低;当处理时间延长到２４ｈ,质膜的Ｃａ２＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ完全失活,同时细胞的超微结构受到破坏。（２）冬小麦幼苗在２℃低温下锻炼１５ｄ后,其质膜的Ｃａ２＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性高于未经抗寒锻炼的小麦幼苗。抗寒锻炼后的小麦幼苗在－９℃处理３ｈ后,质膜的Ｃａ２＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性与低温处理前相比无明显降低;经低温处理１２ｈ,质膜仍保持较高的Ｃａ２＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性,较同样低温处理（－９℃,１２ｈ）但未经抗寒锻炼的幼苗高;当－９℃低温处理２４ｈ后,质膜上仍可观察到Ｃａ２＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ的活性反应,而且细胞的超微结构也未受到破坏。结果表明,抗寒锻炼可提高冬小麦幼苗质膜Ｃａ２＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ在低温下的稳定性     

小麦根液泡膜上存在两种类型ATPase

采用Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ ４Ｂ柱层析的方法在小麦根液泡膜中分离出两种ＡＴＰａｓｅ,一种需Ｍｇ＾２＋存在于表现催化活性,受质子通道抑制剂ＤＣＣＤ（二环已基碳二亚胺）的抑制和Ｃｌ＾－的激活,为需Ｍｇ＾２＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ,另一种不需Ｍｇ＾２＋就可表现出催化活性,受Ｃａ＾２＋的强烈激活,不受ＤＣＣＤ的抑制和Ｃｌ＾－激活,可能前者与转运质子有关,后者与Ｃａ＾２＋的转运有关。     

大豆液泡膜H~+-ATPase泵质子活性的研究

研究了大豆液泡膜Ｈ＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ泵质子特性。液泡膜Ｈ＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ泵质子活性受ＮＥＭ、ＮＢＤ－Ｃｌ、ＤＣＣＤ和ＮＯ３－的抑制。泵质子活性由二价阳离子启动,其有效性依次为Ｆｅ２＋＞Ｍｇ２＋＞Ｍｎ２＋,它以ＡＴＰ为最适底物,ＡＤＰ为竞争性抑制剂;最适ｐＨ为７．０,最适温度为５０°Ｃ。     

增强UV—B辐射对蚕豆叶片微粒体膜一些性质的影响

温室条件下,用０,８．６５ｋＪｍ＾－２ｄ＾－１及１１．２ｋＪｍ＾－２ｄ＾－１不同剂量的ＵＶ－Ｂ辐射处理蚕豆幼苗。Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ及Ｍｇ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ的活性在辐射处理期间下降。在处理２１ｄ,Ｔ１和Ｔ２微粒体膜的ＭＤＡ含量明显高于对照,同时ＩＵＦＡ急剧下降,且呈明显的剂量效应。     

低温,高pH胁迫对水稻幼苗根系质膜,液泡膜ATP酶活性的影响

以耐冷性不同的两个水稻品种为材料,比较研究了幼苗根系质膜、液泡膜ＡＴＰ酶对低温（８℃）及高ｐＨ（８．０）胁迫的反应。结果表明：水稻根细胞质膜和液泡膜上均存在Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶,但活性远低于Ｈ＾＋－ＡＴＰ酶。耐冷品种武育粳３号经低温（８℃）处理２ｄ,根系质膜和液泡膜Ｈ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶、Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶海性均明显升高,至冷处理１２ｄ,Ｈ＾＋－ＡＴＰ酶、Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性有所下降,但仍与对照     

盐胁迫下无花果细胞质和液泡膜H^＋—ATPase活性对脯氨酸积累 …

盐胁迫降低无花果振荡培养细胞培养液ＰＨ添加质膜Ｈ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性抑制剂Ｎａ３ＶＯ４则抑制盐诱导的培养液ＰＨ下降,表明盐诱导培养液Ｈ下降主要是细胞质膜Ｈ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性增加的结果。ＮａＣｌ处理提高活体细胞质膜Ｈ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性,而降低膜微囊Ｈ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性,培养液中添加Ｎａ３ＶＯ４ ５０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ完全抑制盐胁迫下无花果细胞游离脯氨酸只累,但添加更高浓度Ｎａ３ＶＯ４,则提高     

玉米素对叶绿体耦联因子Mg^2＋—ATPase活力的调节

用２μｇ／ｍｌ玉米素溶液预处理叶绿体或在光活化前于活化液中加入２μｇ／ｍｌ玉米素溶液,观察到玉米素能促进叶绿体膜上耦联因子ＤＴＴ光活化Ｍｇ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ及Ｍｇ＾２＋－ＧＴＰａｓｅ的活力,且对ＧＴＰａｓｅ的促进比例常较ＡＴＰａｓｅ的大些。玉米素对ＯＧ活化可溶性ＣＦ１Ｍｇ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力同样表现出促进作用。用玉米素预处理ＣＦ１－β亚基（含微量ＣＦ１－α亚基）也观察到它促进ＣＦ１－β亚基催     

神经节苷脂（Gangliosides）对人红细胞膜Ca^2＋—Mg^2＋ATPase的影响

神经节苷脂（Ｇａｎｇｌｉｏｓｉｄｅｓ）是红细胞膜Ｃａ＾２＋－Ｍｇ２＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ的一种激活剂,这种激活作用也是依赖于Ｃａ＾２＋存在。在２００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ Ｃａ＾２＋存在的反应体系中,１００μｇ／ｍＬ Ｇａｎｇｌｉｏｓｉｄｅｓ对Ｃａ＾２＋－Ｍｇ＾２＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ的激活作用最大,为基本酶活性的１５０％以上。实验还发现ＣａＭ拮抗剂三氟嗪（ＴＥＰ）、粉防已碱（Ｔｅｔ）等也同样抑制Ｇａｎｇｌｉｏｓｉｄｅｓ的     

HIGH AND LOW DENSITY WATER AND RESTING,ACTIVE AND TRANSFORMED CELLS

Resting and active states of cells are described in terms of the expectation, derived from experiments with aqueous polymers, that they contain two modified forms of water: high density, reactive, fluid water and low density, inert, viscous water. Low density water predominates in a resting cell and is converted to high density water in an active cell. It is proposed that switching from one state to another is an integral part of cellular function. When this ability is lost cells are transformed either to a state of rigor or to a hyperactive state in which they no longer depend upon external signals.     

SPHINGOLIPIDS AND PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN MICROSOMES AND MYELIN FROM NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL BRAINS

—Myelin and microsomes were separated from human cerebral white matter and cortex respectively using the technique of 15% caesium chloride and their sphingolipid and phospholipid contents estimated. Normal brains as well as cerebral material from cases of metachromatic leucodystrophy, Krabbe's disease and Tay-Sachs’disease were studied. Gangliosides were not present in normal myelin but were found in microsomes and in myelin from the pathological material. The ratio of cerebroside to sulphatide in myelin was 4 to 1 in normal, 1 to 20 in metachromatic and 7 to 1 in Krabbe's disease. The results in the human material are briefly discussed.