PP333及CCC对香椿试管苗增殖及生根移栽的影响

以MS+6-BA0.2mg·L-1+GA1.0mg·L-1为增殖基本培养基,分别附加不同浓度的PP333及CCC,其中10mg·L-1PP333及70mg·L-1CCC对香椿试管苗增殖生长有促进作用,尤以10mg·L-1PP333效果最好,同时可减轻玻璃化及愈伤组织发生;以1/2MS+IBA1.0mg·L-1为生根基本培养基,分别附加0.1mg·L-1PP333及10mg·L-1CCC,对试管苗生根壮苗有促进作用,而10mg·L-1CCC最适宜,小苗移栽成活率高.     

PP333及矮壮素对地被菊试管苗生根的影响(简报)

以1／2MS+NAA0.1mg·L-1为基本培养基,附加0.1mg·L-1的PP333,对地被菊试管苗有促进生根、抑制小苗节间伸长、延缓生长的作用,由此长成的小苗健壮,茎粗叶茂,移栽成活率高。     

PP_(333)对怀地黄试管苗形态及生理特性的影响

研究PP333对怀地黄试管苗生长及一些生理指标的影响。通过单因子实验、比色法和愈创木酚法探讨PP333对试管苗的影响。结果表明,不同浓度PP333均促进试管苗芽的萌发,使根系粗壮,根数增加,低浓度PP333(0.01、0.05mg·L-1)促进试管苗茎的伸长生长,高浓度(0.1、2mg·L-1)抑制茎、叶生长,PP333浓度为2mg·L-1时壮苗效果最佳。PP333处理使试管苗生长中期叶片可溶性蛋白含量、POD活力提高。适宜浓度的PP333可以改变试管苗的生理特性,达到培育壮苗的目的。     

虎杖的组织培养与快速繁殖

以虎杖茎段、叶柄、叶片为外植体探讨了愈伤组织诱导、分化和植株再生的条件,筛选出茎段生长培养基为1/2MS+BA1.0mg·L-1+KT0.5mg·L-1+NAA0.2mg·L-1,茎段、叶柄和叶片外植体愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS+BA1.0～2.0mg·L-1+KT0.2～0.5mg·L-1+NAA0.2～0.5mg·L-1或MS+BA2.0～3.0mg·L-1+KT0.2～0.5mg·L-1+2,4-D0.5mg·L-1;丛生芽诱导培养基为MS+BA2.0mg·L-1+KT0.5mg·L-1+IBA0.2mg·L-1+LH1000;不定根及根状茎诱导培养基为1/2MS+IBA0.2mg·L-1.     

重瓣大岩桐的快速繁殖及其产业化技术程序

建立了重瓣大岩桐产业化快繁的工艺流程和各程序的最佳培养基及培养方式。重瓣大岩桐可在MS +6 BA 0 .5～2 .0mg·L-1+NAA 0 .1～ 0 .2mg·L-1的培养基上诱导丛芽和快速繁殖 ,增殖倍数达 6 .87;1/ 2MS +IBA 1.0mg·L-1+AC0 .5g·L-1诱导生根的生根率达 95 % ;珍珠岩加腐质土作移栽介质的成活率达 90 %以上。用自来水、食用白砂糖和食用琼脂作替代物的培养基对增殖倍数的影响差异不显著 ;结合液体静置培养 ,能有效地降低组培苗的成本 ;通过壮苗培养可提高组培苗的商品质量     

马铃薯叶片高效再生体系的建立

以4个马铃薯栽培品种为试材,进行了叶片离体再生研究,结果表明:东农303、鄂1号叶片愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA2.5mg·L-1+NAA0.2mg·L-1;费乌瑞它为MS+6-BA2.0mg·L-1+NAA0.1mg·L-1;夏波帝为MS+6-BA2.0mg·L-1+NAA0.2mg·L-1,愈伤组织的诱导率均可达100%.诱导不定芽分化的最佳培养基分别是:费乌瑞它、鄂1号为MS+6-BA2.5mg·L-1+GA35.0mg·L-1;东农303为MS+6-BA1.0mg·L-1+IAA0.1mg·L-1+GA32.5mg·L-1;夏波帝为MS+6-BA2.5mg·L-1+IAA0.5mg·L-1+GA32.5mg·L-1,其不定芽分化率分别达94.3%、100%、100%和90%.     

利用丛生芽和愈伤组织微繁技术培养紫茎泽兰的研究

通过丛生芽直接增殖和愈伤组织再分化两条途径建立紫茎泽兰的无性系,可为进一步研究紫茎泽兰入侵的分子生态机制提供植物材料。结果表明:MS+BA2.0mg·L-1+NAA0.05mg·L-1为丛生芽增殖的最适培养基,MS+BA0.1mg·L-1+NAA0.1mg·L-1和MS+BA2.0mg·L-1+NAA0.2mg·L-1分别适于叶片愈伤组织的诱导和分化,而1/2MS+IAA0.1mg·L-1对生根最有利。     

秦岭野百合鳞片植株再生体系的建立

以鳞片为外植体,建立了秦岭野百合(LiliumbrowniiF.E.Brown)植株再生体系。结果表明愈伤组织诱导的最适培养基为MS+6-BA1.0mg·L-1+NAA0.1mg·L-1,最适继代培养基为MS+6-BA0.5mg·L-1+NAA0.1mg·L-1,幼苗根诱导的最适培养基为1/2MS+IBA0.3mg·L-1。随着培养时间的延长,生根率会不断提高,培养到30d,生根率可达100%。     

球花石楠离体培养及快速繁殖研究

取球花石楠的不同器官、不同部位的材料进行离体培养及快速繁殖研究。试验结果表明 ,根部萌蘖条和盆栽大苗的嫩茎为首选外植体 ,在MS + 6 BA 2mg·L- 1 +NAA 0 .5mg·L- 1的培养基上有较高的腋芽萌发率 ,增殖阶段以MS + 6 BA 4mg·L- 1 +NAA 0 .1mg·L- 1 培养基上的小苗最多 ,生长健壮 ,生根可在 1 /2MS +IBA 0 .2 5mg·L- 1 的培养基上进行。分析了生根较低的原因并提出改进措施。     

对生玉米离体培养再生体系的建立

以对生玉米的雌、雄幼穗为外植体,研究了不同质量浓度激素及其组合对愈伤组织诱导、再分化苗和试管苗生根的影响,建立了对生玉米离体培养再生体系。结果表明：长度为15-17 mm的雌、雄幼穗能够诱导出质量较好的愈伤组织,但只有来自于雄幼穗的愈伤组织才能再生成苗。适合愈伤组织诱导的培养基为Ms+1．5-2．0 mg·L-12,4-D+0．5 mg·L-16-BA+0．5 mg·L-1 NAA+500 mg·L-1脯氨酸+1000 mg·L-1水解酪蛋白+30 g·L-1蔗糖;适合愈伤组织再分化培养基为MS+1．5-2．0 mg·L-1 6-BA+0．1 mg·L-1 NAA+500 mg·L-1水解酪蛋白+30 g·L-1 蔗糖;适合试管苗生根培养基为1／2 MS+0．25-0．5 mg·L-1 IBA+20 g·L-1蔗糖。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Shapes of curves of pH-dependence of reactions

A simple case is considered in which the rate of a two-step reaction depends on pH because the intermediate formed in the first step has to gain (or lose) a proton before it can react in the second step, and in which the rate-determining step therefore changes with pH. The curves of reaction rate against pH are shown to be symmetrical, and the sharpest peak possible has a width at half its height of 1.53pH units, i.e. of 2log(3+2 radical2). Any particular curve for this situation proves to be identical with a curve that could be generated for the pH-dependence of a single-step reaction in which the rate is proportional to the concentration of a particular ionic form of a reactant. Curves for the latter situation, however, can have forms impossible for the former case in which the rate-determining step changes, but only if the protonations that activate and deactivate the reactant are co-operative. The peak can then become even sharper, and its width at half its height can fall to 1.14pH units, i.e. to 2log(2+ radical3).     

Overview of mechanisms of action of lycopene

Dietary intakes of tomatoes and tomato products containing lycopene have been shown to be associated with decreased risk of chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases in numerous studies. Serum and tissue lycopene levels have also been inversely related to the risk of lung and prostate cancers. Lycopene functions as a very potent antioxidant, and this is clearly a major important mechanism of lycopene action. In this regard, lycopene can trap singlet oxygen and reduce mutagenesis in the Ames test. However, evidence is accumulating for other mechanisms as well. Lycopene at physiological concentrations can inhibit human cancer cell growth by interfering with growth factor receptor signaling and cell cycle progression specifically in prostate cancer cells without evidence of toxic effects or apoptosis of cells. Studies using human and animal cells have identified a gene, connexin 43, whose expression is upregulated by lycopene and which allows direct intercellular gap junctional communication (GJC). GJC is deficient in many human tumors and its restoration or upregulation is associated with decreased proliferation. The combination of low concentrations of lycopene with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 exhibits a synergistic effect on cell proliferation and differentiation and an additive effect on cell cycle progression in the HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell line, suggesting some interaction at a nuclear or subcellular level. The combination of lycopene and lutein synergistically interact as antioxidants, and this may relate to specific positioning of different carotenoids in membranes. This review will focus on the growing body of evidence that carotenoids have unexpected biologic effects in experimental systems, some of which may contribute to their cancer preventive properties in models of carcinogenesis. Consideration of solubility in vitro, comparison with doses achieved in humans by dietary means, interactions with other phytochemicals, and other potential mechanisms such as stimulation of xenobiotic metabolism, inhibition of cholesterogenesis, modulation of cyclooxygenase pathways, and inhibition of inflammation will be considered. This review will point out areas for future research where more evidence is needed on the effects of lycopene on the etiology of chronic disease.