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1.
根据GenBank收录的sikSAD基因序列, 采用反转录PCR技术从新疆雪莲(Sasussured involucrata Kar. et Kir)中克隆了sikSAD基因, 并构建了pYES2-sikSAD大肠杆菌/酵母穿梭表达载体, 通过电击法转化酿酒酵母288C菌株, 并利用PCR和SDS-PAGE对转化酿酒酵母进行鉴定, 最后通过低温胁迫和酒精胁迫进行抗性初步分析及方差分析。结果表明: 低温胁迫实验中, 转sikSAD基因酿酒酵母在低温条件下仍能存活, 并且在温度恢复到28 °C时能迅速生长, 生长状态良好, 不饱和脂肪酸油酸的含量有明显的变化。酒精胁迫实验中, 其能耐受一定浓度的酒精, 并且耐受能力比非转基因酿酒酵母提高了十几个百分点。可见, 在低温胁迫和高浓度酒精条件下, 转新疆雪莲sikSAD基因酿酒酵母表现出了优良的活性和生长优势, 显示出较强的抗性特征, 用分子手段改造酿酒酵母, 为工业生产提供高质量的酿酒酵母奠定实验基础。  相似文献   

2.
增强酿酒酵母对单萜的耐受性对于利用其生产单萜和利用含有单萜的生物质均具有重要意义.深入了解酿酒酵母应对单萜胁迫机理有助于构建一株较高单萜耐受性的酵母菌株,该菌株将有助于更高效率的单萜生产效率.研究表明,单萜会破坏酿酒酵母体内的氧化还原平衡,造成活性氧积累并进而导致菌体死亡.为了应对单萜诱发氧胁迫造成的损伤,酿酒酵母需要系统提升其抗氧化能力.本文归纳了酿酒酵母耐受多种典型单萜化合物胁迫机制的研究进展,并从酿酒酵母自身抗氧化机制方面,介绍了酿酒酵母应对氧胁迫的策略,并提出了进一步研究的方向.  相似文献   

3.
在燃料乙醇发酵生产过程中,酿酒酵母经常会受到高浓度乙醇的胁迫,导致乙醇转化率和产量降低。面对高浓度乙醇的胁迫,酿酒酵母也具有应对胁迫的应激机制。在对这种应激机制进行了解的基础上,如能提高酿酒酵母对乙醇的耐受性,对于燃料乙醇生产具有重要意义。在高浓度乙醇胁迫下,酿酒酵母细胞会产生一系列保护性物质,如海藻糖、热激蛋白、脯氨酸等,这些物质能够提高酿酒酵母细胞对乙醇的耐受性。海藻糖作为一种重要的碳源、能量贮藏物质,不仅能稳定细胞膜、蛋白质和核酸等大分子物质,还可增强酿酒酵母对高浓度乙醇的耐受性。此外,酿酒酵母还可以产生大量的热激蛋白,增强酿酒酵母的抗逆性。从海藻糖和热激蛋白在乙醇胁迫下对酿酒酵母细胞保护作用的研究方面进行了综述,并对存在的问题进行了讨论与展望。  相似文献   

4.
利用木质纤维素生产燃料乙醇的过程中,前期预处理所产生的抑制剂会影响酵母的正常生长和后续的发酵过程。为减小抑制剂的影响所采取的一些脱毒策略往往造成糖的损失和生产成本的增加,这在实际生产与经济上是不可行的。因此,具有强的抑制剂耐受性的酿酒酵母菌株对于提高纤维素乙醇产率是十分重要的。近十年来,对于酿酒酵母胁迫耐受机制的研究取得了一些重要的进展,着重介绍目前酿酒酵母对抑制剂耐受机制的研究现状,包括一些关键性基因的表达及代谢通路过程分析等。同时也介绍一些应对抑制剂提高酵母发酵能力的措施。  相似文献   

5.
玉米是我国重要的粮食、饲料及生物能源作物,低磷胁迫严重影响其品质和产量。近年来,随着高通量测序技术的成熟及组学的发展,关于玉米耐受低磷胁迫的分子机制研究取得了一定进展。主要从玉米耐受磷胁迫相关基因的发掘、组学在研究玉米耐受低磷胁迫中的应用及QTL定位3个方面对玉米耐受低磷胁迫分子机制的研究进展进行了综述,以期为筛选、培育磷高效玉米种质提供理论参考。  相似文献   

6.
酿酒酵母X330高浓度发酵时耐酒精性能的初步研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
在完全合成培养基条件下,就渗透压保护剂和营养物质对一株产高浓度酒精的酿酒酵母X330高浓度发酵时耐酒精性能的影响进行了初步研究。结果表明,与渗透压相比,营养缺乏对酿酒酵母高浓度发酵时酒精耐受性能可能起着更为关键和重要的作用。发酵培养基中各营养元素对耐酒精性能的影响不同,由高到低的顺序是酵母抽提物>蛋白胨>硫酸镁>维生素C=磷酸二氢钾>氯化钙=硫酸铵。渗透压保护剂(甘氨酸和脯氨酸)能有效提高菌体酒精耐受性能。当甘氨酸添加浓度为20mmol/L或脯氨酸添加浓度为10mmol/L时,发酵终点酒精浓度最高,菌体于30℃在18%(V/V)酒精冲击下的存活率最大,且均高于对照组(未添加甘氨酸且未添加脯氨酸)水平,但甘氨酸的促进作用强于脯氨酸。  相似文献   

7.
【目的】构建自我精细调控表达应激转录调控基因MSN2的酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)基因工程菌株,提高其对糠醛的耐受能力。【方法】以酿酒酵母BY4742基因组DNA为模板,采用PCR技术扩增获得ADH7启动子、CYC1终止子以及MSN2编码框序列,以pUG6质粒为载体构建含ADH7p-MSN2-CYC1t表达盒的重组表达质粒pUG6-AM。通过醋酸锂法,将线性化后的质粒pUG6-AM转入酿酒酵母BY4742,筛选阳性转化子,初步分析其对糠醛的耐受能力,采用荧光定量PCR技术检测MSN2基因及其调控代表基因的转录变化。【结果】构建了在ADH7启动子控制下表达MSN2的酿酒酵母基因工程菌株AM01,该菌株对糠醛耐受能力明显增强,MSN2基因的转录得到了自我精细调控,并提高了其调控基因的转录水平。【结论】以糠醛诱导表达基因的启动子精细调控应激转录调控基因MSN2的转录表达,既可提高酿酒酵母工程菌株对糠醛的耐受能力,又能避免其持续高效表达带来的副作用。  相似文献   

8.
【目的】利用转录组测序研究硫酸锌添加提高絮凝酿酒酵母SPSC01乙酸胁迫耐性的分子机理。【方法】在10.0 g/L乙酸胁迫条件下,添加0.03 g/L硫酸锌,取对数期酿酒酵母细胞,与不添加硫酸锌的对照组细胞进行比较转录组分析。【结果】添加硫酸锌的实验组与对照组相比较,50个基因转录水平上调,162个基因转录水平下调,这些转录水平变化明显的基因涉及糖代谢、甲硫氨酸合成、维生素合成等多条代谢途径,此外,转录水平变化的基因还包括抗氧化酶基因等关键胁迫响应基因。【结论】硫酸锌添加可改变酿酒酵母全局基因转录水平,提高抗氧化酶及其他胁迫耐性相关基因的表达,影响细胞氧化还原平衡和能量代谢,通过对多基因转录的调控提高酿酒酵母乙酸耐受性。  相似文献   

9.
酿酒酵母乙酸耐性分子机制的功能基因组进展   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
提高工业酿酒酵母对高浓度代谢产物及原料中的毒性底物等环境胁迫因素的耐受性,对提高工业生产效率具有重要的意义。乙酸是纤维素原料水解产生的主要毒性副产物之一,其对酵母细胞的生长和代谢都具有较强的抑制作用,因此,对酿酒酵母乙酸耐性分子机制的研究可为选育优良菌种提供理论依据。近年来,通过细胞全局基因表达分析和代谢组分析,以及对单基因敲除的所有突变体的表型组研究,对酿酒酵母乙酸耐性的分子机制有了更多新的认识,揭示了很多新的与乙酸毒性适应性反应和乙酸耐性提高相关的基因。综述了近年来酿酒酵母乙酸耐性的基因组规模的研究进展,以及在此基础上构建乙酸耐性提高的工业酵母菌的代谢工程操作。结合本课题组的研究,对金属离子锌在酿酒酵母乙酸耐性中的作用进行了深入分析。未来对酿酒酵母乙酸耐性分子机理的认识及改造将深入到翻译后修饰和合成生物学等新的水平,所获得的认知,将为选育可高效进行纤维素原料生物转化、高效生产生物燃料和生物基化学品的工业酿酒酵母的菌株奠定理论基础。  相似文献   

10.
旨在构建优良的高温耐受酿酒酵母菌株,并探究其高温耐受机制。通过CRISPR/Cas9技术在絮凝性工业酿酒酵母KF-7中敲除ASP3(编码L-天冬酰胺酶II)并进一步高表达CRZ1(编码具有锌指结构的转录因子Crz1p),通过比较转录组解析重组菌株的高温耐受机制。结果显示,在44℃高温条件下,ASP3敲除菌株KAS11利用98.36 g/L葡萄糖产生43.68 g/L乙醇。在KAS11基础上高表达CRZ1后,菌株KASCR7发酵105.37 g/L葡萄糖产48.02 g/L乙醇。与KF-7相比,两个重组菌株的乙醇产量分别提升了4.77%和15.18%。比较转录组分析结果表明,在高温胁迫下,重组菌株的核糖体生物合成及翻译相关基因受到抑制,而热休克蛋白基因以及NAD+、NADH、嘌呤、甘油、脯氨酸等合成相关基因受到诱导,这些响应可能共同导致重组菌株的高温耐受性提升。研究结果可为构建高温耐受酿酒酵母菌株提供优良菌株资源和理论基础。  相似文献   

11.
Alcoholic fermentation from grains with a noncooking system was successfully carried out for the first time on an industrial scale. The results were compared with those with a conventional high-temperature cooking system and a low-temperature cooking one and it was found that:

(1) The fermentation efficiency is equal or superior to that of the high-temperature cooking system.

(2) Mashing at a concentration high enough to obtain an average 14.2% final alcohol concentration can be very easily done on an industrial scale.

(3) The need for heavy fuel oil for the mashing process is eliminated.

(4) The noncooking system allows much energy saving in industrial production of alcohol from starchy materials.  相似文献   

12.
Alcohol oxidases (Alcohol: O2 Oxidoreductase; EC 1.1.3.x) are flavoenzymes that catalyze the oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds with a concomitant release of hydrogen peroxide. Based on substrate specificity, alcohol oxidases may be categorized broadly into four different groups namely, (a) short chain alcohol oxidase (SCAO), (b) long chain alcohol oxidase (LCAO), (c) aromatic alcohol oxidase (AAO), and (d) secondary alcohol oxidase (SAO). The sources reported for these enzymes are mostly limited to bacteria, yeast, fungi, plant, insect, and mollusks. However, the quantum of reports for each category of enzymes considerably varies across these sources. The enzymes belonging to SCAO and LCAO are intracellular in nature, whereas AAO and SAO are mostly secreted to the medium. SCAO and LCAO are invariably reported as multimeric proteins with very high holoenzyme molecular masses, but the molecular characteristics of these enzymes are yet to be clearly elucidated. One of the striking features of the alcohol oxidases that make them distinct from the widely known alcohol dehydrogenase is the avidly bound cofactor to the redox center of these enzymes that obviate the need to supplement cofactor during the catalytic reaction. These flavin-based redox enzymes have gained enormous importance in the development of various industrial processes and products primarily for developing biosensors and production of various industrially useful carbonyl compounds. The present review provides an overview on alcohol oxidases from different categories focusing research on these oxidases during the last decade along with their potential industrial applications.  相似文献   

13.
Environmental pollution and consumption of alcohol evoke various immunomodulations promoting the progress of different pathologies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of alcohol consumption intensity on the immune system functions of humans living in ecologically different regions, i.e. in a district polluted with industrial siftings (Trakai, n = 270) and in a relatively clean district (Sirvintos, n = 250). In the Trakai cohort 96% and in Sirvintos group 89% of persons consumed alcohol. With regard to alcohol consumption habits the immunohaematological indices were investigated in the following four groups: abstinents, light alcohol users, moderate alcohol users and alcohol abusers. We determined the compensatory mechanisms of immune system functions of moderate alcohol users and alcohol abusers in comparison with abstinents in the relatively clean Sirvintos district. In the Trakai district polluted with industrial siftings such compensatory reactions where not found. Thus, damage to the immune system functions is not only an endogenous risk factor for many diseases, but also an indicator of organism injury. This investigation stated, that immunity disturbance in humans depends on alcohol consumption intensity and place of residence.  相似文献   

14.
工业酵母抗逆机理研究进展   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
工业酵母利用木质纤维素等生物质资源发酵生产醇、酮、醛、酸等各种化合物,是解决人类面临的不可再生资源和能源危机的重要途径,这激发了人们对木质纤维素水解液为原料和环保节能型浓醪发酵技术的极度关注。然而高浓度底物、产物、渗透压、木质纤维素水解液中抑制性物质、发酵过程温度的提高均会抑制微生物生长代谢及发酵性能,这是发酵行业"瓶颈"问题。本文简述了渗透压、温度及抑制性物质对酵母细胞生长的危害,并从胞内稳态平衡、分子水平等方面着重叙述工业酵母对渗透压、温度及抑制性物质的抗逆机制研究进展。  相似文献   

15.
Nicotinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenases are enzymes that contain non-dissociable NAD(P)(H) in the active site. The suitability of a nicotinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase as coenzyme-independent alternative to classic alcohol dehydrogenases for enantioselective synthetic applications was studied. To this end the NADH-containing nicotinoprotein, np-ADH, from Rhodococcus erythropolis DSM 1069 was used as a model enzyme in different types of conversion: asymmetric synthesis, kinetic resolution and racemization. The enzyme was found to catalyze the asymmetric reduction of ketones using cheap reductants, such as ethanol, with high stereoselectivity, but the reaction was too slow to obtain good yields. Kinetic resolutions of racemic alcohols failed due to dismutation of the aldehyde that was used as cosubstrate. Racemization of a secondary alcohol via the corresponding ketone could not be achieved, which was due to an unidentified side reaction. This evaluation shows that, for developing biotransformations of industrial interest using nicotinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenases, the attention should be focused on enzymes with a higher reactivity towards prochiral ketones and secondary alcohols.  相似文献   

16.
为了赋予工业酿酒酵母对淀粉和纤维素的降解活性,提高酿酒酵母对粗木薯粉进行酒精发酵时的酒精产率;另一方面,为了解决工业酿酒酵母不适于使用营养缺陷型筛选标记对转化子进行筛选的问题,以及避免引入抗药性标记基因带来的安全性问题,构建了以抗铜蛋白基因CUP1为筛选标记的酿酒酵母整合型多基因表达载体.以载体pYES2-PMF-rDNA为基础,以新的筛选标记基因CUP1替换原有的尿嘧啶Ura-基因,得到载体pYES2M.再顺序插入葡聚糖内切酶基因eg3、葡萄糖淀糖酶基因gal和β-葡萄糖苷酶基因bgl1,构建得到以CUP1为筛选标记的酵母整合型三价表达载体pYES2M-eg3-ga1 -bgl1,其中每个基因都具有独立而完整的表达盒,包括启动子、信号肽和终止子,从而实现多基因单表达载体一次转化.  相似文献   

17.
A new technology for obtaining ethanol through the fermentation of synthesis gas, which is produced from lignocellulose by special bacteria-acidogenes is discussed in the review. The technology has a set of fundamental advantages compared to traditional methods of fermentation of sugars: versatility and high yield of alcohol. In 2012–2013, in the United States and China, industrial plants using this technology will be commissioned.  相似文献   

18.
19.
来源于Pyrococcusfuriosus的耐高温α-淀粉酶是一种重要的酒精工业用酶,在植物中表达耐高温α-淀粉酶可以大大降低用植物秸秆生产酒精的成本。选择衣藻叶绿体基因组同源片段clpP-trnL-petB-chlL-rpl23-rpl2和壮观霉素抗性基因,构建了来源于Pyrococcusfuriosus的耐高温α-淀粉酶基因的衣藻叶绿体表达载体p64A。通过基因枪将其导入衣藻叶绿体中,经壮观霉素抗性(100mg/L)筛选,获得了9个抗性衣藻转化子。转化子经过抗性继代筛选后,经PCR、Southernblot检测分析及暗培养,证实耐高温α-淀粉酶基因已整合到衣藻叶绿体基因组中并得到表达。酶活性检测表明,转基因衣藻表达产物具有耐高温α-淀粉酶活性,每克鲜重衣藻最高达77.5u。实验结果证明在植物叶绿体中表达工业酶制剂是可行的。  相似文献   

20.
A number of peroxidases, such as lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase have proved to be useful for industrial applications. Some studies on the effects of temperature and pH stability have been carried out. It is known that veratryl alcohol increases their stability in the range 28-50 degrees C and is oxidized, leading to veratryl aldehyde formation. Similar results with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the presence of cofactors were found, but the oxidation of veratryl alcohol in the absence of cofactors was extremely labile at acid pH and inactivated in a few minutes. Considering the growing industrial application of HRP, knowledge of its stability and denaturation kinetics is required. In this study, horseradish peroxidase pool (HRP-VI) and its isoenzymes HRP-VIII (acid) and HRP-IX (basic) have been shown to catalyze the oxidation of veratryl alcohol to veratryl aldehyde in the presence of hydrogen peroxide at pH 5.8 in the 35-45 degrees C range and in the absence of any cofactors. Heat and pH denaturation experiments in the presence and absence of veratryl alcohol incubation were conducted with HRP-VI and HRP-IX isoenzymes. HRP-IX was the most active isoenzyme acting on veratryl alcohol but HRP-VI was the most stable for the temperature range tested. At 35 degrees C the HRP pool presented decay constant (Kd) values of 5.5 x 10(-2) h(-1) and 1.4 10(-2) h(-1) in the absence and presence of veratryl alcohol, respectively, with an effective ratio of 3.9. These results present a new feature of peroxidases that opens one more interesting application of HRP to industrial processes.  相似文献   

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