气相色谱与触角电位检测器联用技术及其应用

介绍了气相色谱与触角电位检测器联用技术的工作原理、优点及其在昆虫性信息素或其它信息物质鉴定方面的应用。根据作者应用此技术进行赤松毛虫和桑尺蛾性信息素研究的经验 ,重点介绍了气相色谱与触角电位联用技术在实践操作中应注意的问题     

改进蝇类昆虫触角电位技术的尝试

本文通过对美洲斑潜蝇触角的扫描电镜观察及触角电位的测定 ,提出对蝇类昆虫触角电位测定技术的改进方法 :将触角芒切断 ,露出血淋巴 ,记录电极与触角芒的断面相接 ,参照电极通过头孔插入脑血腔形成回路。     

昆虫触角电位(EAG)及其与气谱联用(GC-EAD)技术

昆虫触角电位(EAG)和气相色谱-触角电位(GC-EAD)是昆虫化学生态学中最重要的电生理技术,在研究昆虫对信息化学物质的感受机理、筛选活性信息素成分或植物次生物质等方面发挥关键作用。本文介绍这两种技术的基本原理、操作步骤和应用实例等,并对使用中应该注意的事项进行了详尽讨论。     

昆虫触角转录组研究进展

昆虫通过信息交流感受内外坏境的变化,影响着昆虫定位、搜索食物源、寻找产卵地点和选择配偶等行为。在昆虫中,触角分布着较多的嗅觉感受器,可以感知挥发性分子、气味和激素,是昆虫重要的嗅觉器官,参与信息交流。综述和展望昆虫触角转录组的研究进展,有利于促进害虫管理、害虫防治和社会性昆虫级型分化与劳动分工的研究,也能为昆虫触角后续研究和昆虫触角仿生的应用提供参考。     

昆虫触角类型的纸制模型

昆虫触角类型是识别昆虫的重要依据,也是中师生物学教学中的重点内容。昆虫的触角比较细小,结构不易看清,类型不易区别。为此本人在教学过程中,用普通白纸制作了昆虫触角类型模型,制作简单,学生容易接受。     

蝗虫触角感受器及其生态学意义

蝗虫触角感受器及其生态学意义陈湖海康乐（中国科学院动物研究所北京１０００８０）关键词蝗虫触角感受器形态分布生态学触角是昆虫感觉系统的重要组成部分,行使着嗅觉、触觉、味觉及感受气流、ＣＯ２、湿度和温度等功能,左右着其选择食物、取食、躲避危险、寻觅配偶及...     

昆虫的触角感器

在自然界里 ,昆虫家庭日趋庞大 ,已占到动物物种的 2 / 3以上。昆虫在亿万年的进化过程中具备了自己独特的适应环境的能力。择食、取食、觅偶、交配、繁殖、栖息、防御、迁移等等 ,这些适应性行为比其他动物更依赖于环境化学、物理因子的调节 ,昆虫触角是接受外来化学信号的主要器官。随着分子生物学的崛起 ,利用昆虫自身的生理生化微观特性探索其宏观行为的奥妙 ,已作为害虫防治中的新方向 ,其中触角感器的研究倍受重视 ,而且已取得显著进展。1　历史回顾与发展1 880年 Hauser首先开始评论昆虫嗅觉这个主题 ,他详细描述了直翅目、脉翅目、…     

草地螟触角化学感受器的电镜观察

应用扫描电镜对草地螟成虫触角的外部形态结构进行观察的结果表明 :成虫触角存在着 5种感觉器 ,即毛形感器、刺形感器、腔锥感器、锥形感器和耳形感器 ,其中以毛形感器数目最多 ,刺形感器分为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型。并对草地螟触角两性差异及与其它相近昆虫的差异进行了讨论。     

蜚蠊目(六足总纲,昆虫纲)八种昆虫触角感受器的扫描电镜观察

获得蜚蠊目昆虫触角感受器外部形态的资料,为蟑螂的系统学研究积累一些新的基础资料.使用KYKYAMRAY 1000B型扫描电镜蜚蠊目8种昆虫触角感受器进行观察和拍照,然后进行比较分析.观察结果表明,蜚蠊目昆虫的触角均分布有毛形感器、刺形感器和锥形感器.蜚蠊目昆虫触角感受器的外部形态在科、属水平表现的差异程度与昆虫的分类地位相符合.触角感受器的形态结构也许能成为鉴别蜚蠊目科和属的有用特征.     

用激光共聚焦扫描技术研究昆虫触角叶的雌雄异构性

【目的】本研究探讨用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜对昆虫触角叶内结构的扫描技术。【方法】选取鳞翅目斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura, 蜚蠊目美洲大蠊Periplaneta americana和鞘翅目松墨天牛Monochamus alternatus, 仔细解剖得到昆虫完整脑组织, 经过Lucifer yellow染色、戊二醛固定、梯度酒精脱水和透明等一系列处理后, 用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜对昆虫触角叶结构进行分层扫描。【结果】结果显示: 经该方法处理后在激发光488 nm下能清晰扫描出昆虫触角内典型结构神经纤维球, 并且可清晰看到这3种昆虫雄性触角叶结构内的扩大型神经纤维球复合体(macroglomerular complex, MGC), 而在相应雌性昆虫体内都没有此复合体。另外通过5 μm分层扫描得到斜纹夜蛾、美洲大蠊和松墨天牛的触角叶平均厚度分别为130, 235和115 μm, 神经纤维球数量分别为35, 59和39个。【结论】激光共聚焦扫描技术是获得昆虫触角叶内部结构的一个可行方法。     

CRISPR基因编辑技术虚拟仿真教学软件的构建及应用

CRISPR基因编辑技术逐渐成为一个强有力的分子技术,已越来越广泛地应用于科学研究和临床试验。在高校教学实践中,为了解决该实验原理复杂、操作难度大、周期长、成本高等问题,构建了CRISPR基因编辑仿真教学软件。该软件包括原理演示和实训操作2个模块。原理部分通过3D技术呈现出每个分子的结构,并以动画的形式演绎CRISPR-Cas9的分子机制。实训操作部分模拟了整个实验的操作过程,学生可以通过互动的形式在电脑上反复学习和操作。该交互式虚拟实验能激发学生的学习兴趣,显著提高实验教学质量。     

High density cell culture by membrane-based cell recycle

Enhancement of productivity of a bioprocess necessitates continuous operation of bioreactors with high biomass concentrations than are possible in conventional batch, fedbatch or continuous modes of culture. Membrane-based cell recycle has been effectively used to maintain high cell concentrations in bioreactors. This review compares membranebased cell recycle operation with other such high density cell culture systems as immobilized cell reactors and reactors with cell recycle by centrifugation or gravity sedimentation. A theoretical of production of primary and secondary metabolites in membrane-based recycle systems is presented. Operation of this type of system is discussed with examples from aerobic and anaerobic fermentations.     

Short-scar face lift with extended SMAS platysma dissection and lifting and limited skin undermining

In the past 8 years, short-scar cervicofacial rhytidectomy has been used with great success and a high level of patient satisfaction. The operation involves limited incisions in the sideburn and preauricular areas, extending just around the fold of the ear lobule. Extensive undermining of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS)/platysma is performed, and lifting of the face and neck is performed mainly at this level. Skin undermining is kept to a minimum, eliminating the need for extended incisions to reduce dog-ears. The preservation of fibrous bands between the skin and the SMAS/platysma unit is an important factor in making such an operation practical and is the reason why the skin incisions can be kept short. Dissection of large areas of skin and separation of the skin from the underlying SMAS necessitate larger incisions. The operation is safe, speedy, less traumatic, and well tolerated among patients at high risk, such as smokers. The risks of complications are also reduced with this operation.     

Optimization of glucose isomerase reactor: optimum operating temperature mode

The optimum temperature operation mode required to achieve high fructose productivity is studied for immobilized glucose isomerase (GI) packed bed reactor. In this study, the reactor design equation based on reversible Michaelis-Menten kinetics assumes both thermal enzyme deactivation and substrate protection. The optimization problem is formulated as a discretized constrained nonlinear programming problem (NLP). The formulation is expressed in terms of maximization of fructose productivity as the objective function subject to reactor design equation, kinetic parameter equations, substrate protection factor equation and feasibility constraints. The constraints are discretized along the reactor operating period by employing piecewise polynomial approximations. Approximately 7% improvement in terms of fructose productivity is achieved when running the reactor at the optimum decreasing temperature operation mode as compared to the constant optimum isothermal operation.     

Integrated Material Flow Analysis and Process Modeling to Increase Energy and Water Efficiency of Industrial Cooling Water Systems

Cooling water systems (CWS) are one of the main energy and water using operations in industry. Existing CWS in operation provide high improvement potentials in environmental and economic performance through optimized operation and system control. Industry often fails to realize these potentials, given that the efficiency measures as well as their technical, economic, and ecological impact are mostly unknown because of the lack of appropriate approaches. This article presents a holistic approach to the systematic identification and assessment of efficiency measures that support industry in improving the operation and system control of large‐scale CWS consisting of one or multiple cooling towers, heat exchangers, and pumps. Based on material flow analysis coupled with process modeling, a material and energy flow model of CWS is developed. The model enables the investigation of different adjustments in operation of CWS in order to identify and assess specific efficiency measures. The approach is applied to a CWS of a real manufacturing facility. The results show, first, high validity of the approach as compared to a real system. Second, the effectiveness of the approach, given that the model allows fast and simple identification and assessment of efficiency measures that save up to 16% energy and 24% water in the presented case study.     

Water molecules migration at the oil-paper interface during heating: a large-scale distributed computing study

In view of the small molecular model established in the field of high voltage insulation, the actual operation of transformer cannot be fully reflected at micro-level. Therefore, this paper aims to improve the performance of computing environment and expand molecular scale. Firstly, two servers were connected through a high-speed communication network as the initial cluster architecture. Secondly, spatial decomposition and load balancing algorithms were used to improve the operation efficiency of cluster. Meanwhile, the oil-paper composite media model of 10⁵ atoms could be established based on this cluster, but it consumed a lot of time. Therefore, we analysed the relationship between operation efficiency and four characteristic quantities such as central processing unit performance, number of cores, simulation time and number of nodes. Then the highest point of cluster operating efficiency was found through continuous optimisation. It can be summarised that the calculating speed of cluster is nearly 10 times faster than that of the large server. Meanwhile, according to the results based on this cluster, it can be concluded that water molecules would migrate towards the oil during heating. When the initial moisture content in paper is high, the high water region would appear at the oil-paper interface.     

Biological treatment of high strength wastewater by fed-batch operation

Biological treatment systems for high strength wastewaters are usually operated in continuous mode such as activated sludge systems. When operated at steady-state, continuous systems result in constant effluent standards. However, in the presence of shock loadings and/or toxic compounds in feed wastewater, system performance drops quite significantly as a result of partial loss of microbial activity. In fed-batch operation, wastewater is fed to the aeration tank with a flow rate determined by effluent standards. In this type of operation, wastewater can be fed to biological oxidation unit intermittently or continuously with a low flow rate without any effluent removal. Feed flow rate is adjusted by measuring COD concentration in the effluent. As a result of intermittent addition of wastewater high COD concentrations and toxic compounds are diluted in large volume of aeration tank and inhibition effects of those compounds are reduced. As a result, biological oxidation of these compounds take place at a much higher rate. In order to show the aforementioned advantage of fed-batch operation, a high strength synthetic wastewater consisting of diluted molasses, urea, KH₂PO₄ and MgSO₄ was treated in an biological aeration tank by fed-batch operation. Organisms used were an active and dominant culture of Zooglea ramigera commonly encountered in activated sludge operations. COD removal kinetics was found to be first order and the rate constant was determined.     

SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS

Since it would appear that diagnosis of patent ductus arteriosus can be made accurately in a high percentage of cases, and as the surgical treatment of this lesion is highly successful with a low mortality and morbidity rate, operation is advisable for all patients with this lesion except those who are 35 years of age or older and who have no progressive cardiac hypertrophy and no incapacitation due to the fistula. The optimum age for operation is three years. The vast majority of the patients have a ductus that can be divided, and division has advantages over ligation.In cases in which patent ductus arteriosus is complicated by subacute bacterial endocarditis, operation should be done following intensive penicillin therapy.     

Bioremediation of HMX-Contaminated Soil Using Soil Slurry Reactors

Soil in some parts of the Iowa Army Ammunition Plant in Burlington, Iowa, was contaminated with cyclotetramethyleneter-anitramine, commonly known as high melting explosive (HMX). A laboratory treat-ability study was conducted to find out the ability of the native soil bacteria present in the contaminated site to degrade HMX. The results indicated that the HMX can be removed effectively from soil by native soil bacteria through a co-metabolic process. Molasses, identified as an effective co-substrate, is inexpensive, and this factor makes the treatment system cost-effective. The successful operation of aerobic-anoxic soil slurry reactors in batch mode with HMX-contaminated soil showed that the technology can be scaled up for field demonstration. The HMX concentration in the contaminated soil was decreased by 97% in 4 months of reactor operation. The advantage of the slurry reactor is its simplicity of operation. The method needs only mixing and the addition of molasses as co-substrate.     

改良腹腔镜下子宫悬吊术加圆韧带缩短术治疗子宫脱垂的临床观察

目的:研究改良腹腔镜下子宫悬吊术加圆韧带缩短术治疗子宫脱垂的临床效果。方法:将从2014年1月至2015年8月在我院妇科接受手术治疗的子宫脱垂患者60例作为研究对象,其中接受改良腹腔镜辅助下实施子宫悬吊术联合圆韧带缩短术者30例纳入观察组,接受阴式子宫切除术者30例纳入对照组,观察并对比两组治疗前后的盆腔器官脱垂定量(POP-Q)分度情况、手术相关指标及手术并发症。结果:与治疗前比,治疗后两组的POP-Q分度均显著改善(P0.05)。观察组的手术时间、术中出血量以及术后留院时长分别显著少于对照组(P0.05)。观察组的手术并发症总发生率是10.00%,显著低于对照组的33.33%(P0.05)。结论:在改良腹腔镜辅助下实施子宫悬吊术联合圆韧带缩短术对子宫脱垂患者的疗效显著,且有利于患者尽快康复,安全性高,值得临床推广应用。