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1.
羊肚菌的研究与利用   总被引:17,自引:2,他引:15  
本文对羊肚菌生态生物学特性、营养成分与功效及其开发利用现状与前景作了阐述。  相似文献   

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竹荪的研究与利用   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
本文对竹荪生态生物学特性、营养成分与功效及其开发利用现状与前景作了阐述。  相似文献   

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在生态学形成和发展过程中,生态学的分科,有过三次大的分化。从形成初期起一直到现在,生态学的主要分科依据是生物类型与生物栖息地的类型。如动物生态、植物生态、微生物生态、湖沼生态、陆地生态和海洋生态等等。这实际上也清楚表明生态学源于生物学和自然地理学。只要生物学与自然地理学存在,上述生态学分支也将生存并发展下去。本世纪30年代以来,生态学的研究逐步受到人们的重视。许多生态学家注重于研究生态系统各层次的结构与功能。美国著名的生态  相似文献   

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庞瑾秋 《四川动物》2004,23(1):62-63
本文阐述了在中学生物学教学中进行生态意识教育的重要性,介绍了中学生物学教材中可以渗透、拓展生态意识教育的内容以及实施生态意识教育的方法、途径。  相似文献   

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《生命科学》2013,(12):1295-1295
项目名称 植物细胞生物学 植物光信号调控 离子长途转运及再分配 动植物关系及其生态功能 进化生态学与进化博弈论 树木根系生物学  相似文献   

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野生蜜蜂及其传粉作用的研究现状   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
传粉是维持与提升生物多样性的重要生态过程。膜翅目蜜蜂总科昆虫是自然界中最重要的传粉者,但对野生蜜蜂的研究一直以来非常薄弱,如野生蜜蜂类群的资源调查、种类的准确鉴别、营巢生物学与传粉生物学研究等方面。目前,生物多样性与保护生物学方面的工作越来越多地涉及野生蜜蜂与植物的相互关系,地方植物区系与农林作物的传粉生物学基础研究与应用项目也引起重视。本文综述了国内外野生蜜蜂的研究现状,期望从分类学、营巢生物学与传粉生物学等方面推动野生蜜蜂传粉在农林业生产实践中的应用。  相似文献   

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红壤退化过程与生态位的研究   总被引:14,自引:2,他引:12  
应用生态位概念研究红壤退化和改良过程中的生物学特征及其与生态环境条件的关系,把红壤的生物学循环作为重点,分析红壤生态位的演化特点,探索红壤生态系统退化和重建的若干规律和描述方法,以求建立有关红壤退化评价的方法和指标体系  相似文献   

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紫柏山亚高山草甸群落的种间关联和相关分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用方差比率法、x2检验、Jaccard关联指数以及Pearson相关系数和Spearman秩相关系数研究了秦岭紫柏山亚高山草甸群落20个主要物种的种间关联与相关性.结果表明:种对间呈显著和极显著关联(相关)的种对较少,x2检验、Pearson相关系数检验和Spearman秩相关系数检验的正负关联(相关)比分别为0.85、0.61和1.02,群落总体上接近无关联,处于相对稳定状态;Spearman秩相关星座图将20个物种划分为4个生态种组,各生态种组内的物种具有相似的生态要求和资源利用方式,不同生态种组间呈现明显的演替转化趋势;种对间呈正关联或者正相关,主要是由于具有相近的生物学特性,对生境具有相似的生态适应性;种对间呈负关联或者负相关,主要由于彼此间具有不同的生物学特性,对生境具有不同的生态适应性和相互分离的生态位所致.  相似文献   

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稀有植物香果树的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对香果树(Emmenopterys henryi Oliv.)的生物学特性、生态适应性、群落结构、遗传多样性、繁殖、病害、应用与保护等领域的研究进行了综述与展望,为进一步加强香果树的研究工作提供参考。  相似文献   

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冷血脊椎动物冷适应研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
环境温度是制约冷血脊椎动物分布、生存、繁殖、迁徙等活动最重要的生态因子之一.冷血脊椎动物在多种多样栖息环境中形成多种耐寒策略.本文重点从冷血脊椎动物冷适应行为生态、生理、冷冻诱导基因表达与抗冻物质获得、低温与性别决定等方面对国内外研究进展进行综述,以探讨低温生物学在冷血脊椎动物的发展趋势.  相似文献   

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On the origin of the Hirudinea and the demise of the Oligochaeta   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
The phylogenetic relationships of the Clitellata were investigated with a data set of published and new complete 18S rRNA gene sequences of 51 species representing 41 families. Sequences were aligned on the basis of a secondary structure model and analysed with maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood. In contrast to the latter method, parsimony did not recover the monophyly of Clitellata. However, a close scrutiny of the data suggested a spurious attraction between some polychaetes and clitellates. As a rule, molecular trees are closely aligned with morphology-based phylogenies. Acanthobdellida and Euhirudinea were reconciled in their traditional Hirudinea clade and were included in the Oligochaeta with the Branchiobdellida via the Lumbriculidae as a possible link between the two assemblages. While the 18S gene yielded a meaningful historical signal for determining relationships within clitellates, the exact position of Hirudinea and Branchiobdellida within oligochaetes remained unresolved. The lack of phylogenetic signal is interpreted as evidence for a rapid radiation of these taxa. The placement of Clitellata within the Polychaeta remained unresolved. The biological reality of polytomies within annelids is suggested and supports the hypothesis of an extremely ancient radiation of polychaetes and emergence of clitellates.  相似文献   

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Data on the ontogeny of the posterior haptor of monogeneans were obtained from more than 150 publications and summarised. These data were plotted into diagrams showing evolutionary capacity levels based on the theory of a progressive evolution of marginal hooks, anchors and other attachment components of the posterior haptor in the Monogenea (Malmberg, 1986). 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hooks are assumed to be the most primitive monogenean haptoral condition. Thus the diagrams were founded on a 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hook evolutionary capacity level, and the evolutionary capacity levels of anchors and other haptoral attachement components were arranged according to haptoral ontogenetical sequences. In the final plotting diagram data on hosts, type of spermatozoa, oncomiracidial ciliation, sensilla pattern and protonephridial systems were also included. In this way a number of correlations were revealed. Thus, for example, the number of 5 + 5 marginal hooks correlates with the most primitive monogenean type of spermatozoon and with few sensillae, many ciliated cells and a simple protonephridial system in the oncomiracidium. On the basis of the reviewed data it is concluded that the ancient monogeneans with 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hooks were divided into two main lines, one retaining unhinged marginal hooks and the other evolving hinged marginal hooks. Both main lines have recent representatives at different marginal hook evolutionary capacity levels, i.e. monogeneans retaining a haptor with only marginal hooks. For the main line with hinged marginal hooks the name Articulon-choinea n. subclass is proposed. Members with 8 + 8 hinged marginal hooks only are here called Proanchorea n. superord. Monogeneans with unhinged marginal hooks only are here called Ananchorea n. superord. and three new families are erected for its recent members: Anonchohapteridae n. fam., Acolpentronidae n. fam. and Anacanthoridae n. fam. (with 7 + 7, 8 + 8 and 9 + 9 unhinged marginal hooks, respectively). Except for the families of Articulonchoinea (e.g. Acanthocotylidae, Gyrodactylidae, Tetraonchoididae) Bychowsky's (1957) division of the Monogenea into the Oligonchoinea and Polyonchoinea fits the proposed scheme, i.e. monogeneans with unhinged marginal hooks form one old group, the Oligonchoinea, which have 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hooks, and the other group form the Polyonchoinea, which (with the exception of the Hexabothriidae) has a greater number (7 + 7, 8 + 8 or 9 + 9) of unhinged marginal hooks. It is proposed that both these names, Oligonchoinea (sensu mihi) and Polyonchoinea (sensu mihi), will be retained on one side and Articulonchoinea placed on the other side, which reflects the early monogenean evolution. Except for the members of Ananchorea [Polyonchoinea], all members of the Oligonchoinea and Polyonchoinea have anchors, which imply that they are further evolved, i.e. have passed the 5 + 5 marginal hook evolutionary capacity level (Malmberg, 1986). There are two main types of anchors in the Monogenea: haptoral anchors, with anlages appearing in the haptor, and peduncular anchors, with anlages in the peduncle. There are two types of haptoral anchors: peripheral haptoral anchors, ontogenetically the oldest, and central haptoral anchors. Peduncular anchors, in turn, are ontogenetically younger than peripheral haptoral anchors. There may be two pairs of peduncular anchors: medial peduncular anchors, ontogentically the oldest, and lateral peduncular anchors. Only peduncular (not haptoral) anchors have anchor bars. Monogeneans with haptoral anchors are here called Mediohaptanchorea n. superord. and Laterohaptanchorea n. superord. or haptanchoreans. All oligonchoineans and the oldest polyonchoineans are haptanchoreans. Certain members of Calceostomatidae [Polyonchoinea] are the only monogeneans with both (peripheral) haptoral and peduncular anchors (one pair). These monogeneans are here called Mixanchorea n. superord. Polyonchoineans with peduncular anchors and unhinged marginal hooks are here called the Pedunculanchorea n. superord. The most primitive pedunculanchoreans have only one pair of peduncular anchors with an anchor bar, while the most advanced have both medial and lateral peduncular anchors; each pair having an anchor bar. Certain families of the Articulonchoinea, the Anchorea n. superord., also have peduncular anchors (parallel evolution): only one family, the Sundanonchidae n. fam., has both medial and lateral peduncular anchors, each anchor pair with an anchor bar. Evolutionary lines from different monogenean evolutionary capacity levels are discussed and a new system of classification for the Monogenea is proposed.In agreeing to publish this article, I recognise that its contents are controversial and contrary to generally accepted views on monogenean systematics and evolution. I have anticipated a reaction to the article by inviting senior workers in the field to comment upon it: their views will be reported in a future issue of this journal. EditorIn agreeing to publish this article, I recognise that its contents are controversial and contrary to generally accepted views on monogenean systematics and evolution. I have anticipated a reaction to the article by inviting senior workers in the field to comment upon it: their views will be reported in a future issue of this journal. Editor  相似文献   

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