共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
骆驼蓬全草醇粗提物分为石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、水溶性5部分,提取得率分别为4.6%、1.7%、0.3%、4.8%、7.6%.分别配成2.0g·L-1至0.1g·L-1一系列梯度浓度,采用浸叶法进行小麦蚜虫的杀灭活性试验,48h后,结果表明,浓度越高,活性越大,其中在2.0g·L-1处理时水部分和氯仿部分活性非常明显,小麦蚜虫校正死亡率可达95.46%、90.83%.另外化学成分系统预试结果表明茎叶含有丰富的生物碱,黄酮,酚性成分等. 相似文献
2.
分别采用点滴法、三角瓶熏蒸法和小叶碟添加法测定了藁本(Ligusticum sinense Oliv.)提取物对粘虫(Mythimna separata Walker)和小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella L.)幼虫的触杀、熏蒸和拒食活性,同时也测定了对黄粉虫(Tenebrio molitor L.)蛹的生长发育有抑制作用,并对其致毒症状、作用方式进行了初步探讨。结果表明,不同溶剂提取物中,丙酮冷浸提取物对粘虫毒杀活性较高;其丙酮提取物对粘虫和小菜蛾3龄幼虫均具有较高触杀及熏蒸活性,24h触杀LD50分别为0.062 3mg干样/头和0.150 2mg干样/头;12h熏蒸LC530分别为24.3422 mg干样/L和10.601 5mg干样/L;对黄粉虫(Tenebrio molitor L)蛹的生长发育有抑制作用,ID50为6.5157mg干样/头;粘虫中毒后先后表现出兴奋、痉挛、麻痹等症状,最后死亡;对黄粉虫蛹生长发育的抑制作用类似于保幼激素活性。 相似文献
3.
14种菊科植物提取物对菜青虫的杀虫活性 总被引:27,自引:1,他引:27
用胜红蓟、黄花蒿、青蒿、艾蒿、鬼针草、三叶鬼针草、鱼眼草、小鱼眼草、紫茎泽兰、千里光、希签草、万寿菊、肿柄菊、苍耳等14种菊科植物的石油醚、氯仿、丙酮、乙醇、甲醇和水提取物对菜青虫5龄幼虫的生测结果表明,黄花蒿、青蒿、艾蒿、鱼眼草、小鱼眼草、紫茎泽兰、万寿菊等7种菊科植物甲醇和乙醇提取物具有较高的杀虫活性。此结果为进一步从菊科植物中提取,分离和筛选高活性杀虫活性成分奠定了基础。 相似文献
4.
苍耳等48种植物提取物的杀虫活性 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:3
采用浸虫法测定了48种植物的丙酮提取物对小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella L.)的杀虫活性,并研究了苍耳(Xanthium sibiricum Patrin.)不同溶剂提取物对小菜蛾和棉蚜(Aphis gossypii Glover)的触杀作用以及苍耳丙酮提取物不同溶剂萃取物对小菜蛾的触杀作用。结果表明,在供试的48种植物中,500g·L^-1黄花蒿(Artemisia annua L)、泽漆(Euphorbia helioscopia L.)、夏至草[Lagopsis supina(Steph.ex Willd.)Ik.-Gal.ex Knorr.]、苍耳及律草[Humulus scandens(Lour.)Merr.]的丙酮提取物对小菜蛾的杀虫活性较强。在苍耳的不同溶剂提取物中,苍耳丙酮提取物的杀虫活性最强,乙醇和乙酸乙酯提取物的杀虫活性次之。另外,50g·L^-1苍耳丙酮提取物的氯仿萃取物对小菜蛾的杀虫活性最强,24h和48h的校正死亡率分别为88.33%和91.67%。 相似文献
5.
初步调查隆中风景区蕨类植物的分布,发现该区共有蕨类植物91种,隶属于27科49属,以水龙骨科最多,有18种,其次为鳞毛蕨科,有10种。通过筛选,初步确定14个植物种具有杀虫杀菌价值和开发利用潜力。 相似文献
6.
探讨酵母菌杀菌系统(即30株杀菌酵母菌)对38株真菌或细菌的杀菌活性。结果显示杀菌酵母菌不仅对念珠菌、新型隐球菌和烟曲霉菌等真菌有杀菌活性,而且对其不相关的葡萄球菌、肠杆菌科、绿脓杆菌、不动杆菌和副溶血性弧菌也有杀菌活性,提示该系统具有广泛的杀菌活性,特别是K36。 相似文献
7.
紫茎泽兰提取物对四种储粮害虫的杀虫活性 总被引:26,自引:0,他引:26
紫茎泽兰提取物对米象、玉米象、绿豆象和蚕豆象等 4种储粮害虫成虫具有强烈的熏杀活性 ,用 4 4.4 4mg L的浓度熏蒸处理 4 8小时后 ,每种成虫死亡率均达到 1 0 0 .0 0 %。熏蒸毒力测定结果表明 ,紫茎泽兰提取物对上述 4种成虫 2 4小时的LC50 分别为 1 4 .65,1 2 .80 ,2 5.0 7和 1 2 .2 0mg L ,4 8小时的LC50 分别为 1 1 .79,9.67,1 3 .2 9和 9.76mg L。 相似文献
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研究了13种卫矛科植物根皮的39种提取物对3龄粘虫幼虫(Mythimna sepamte Walker)的杀虫活性。胃毒处理表明6种植物有麻醉活性,7种植物有毒杀活性,触杀处理表明仅2种植物的3种提取物有触杀活性。对玉米象(Sitophiuls zeamais Motschulsky)的种群抑制处理表明,13种植物的36种提取物对玉米象种群有一定程度的抑制作用,但总体上低于文献报道的苦皮藤乙醚提取物的活性。 相似文献
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11.
Screening for Endophytic Fungi with Antitumour and Antifungal Activities from Chinese Medicinal Plants 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Haiyan Li Chen Qing Yanli Zhang Zhiwei Zhao 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2005,21(8-9):1515-1519
Summary One hundred and thirty endophytic fungi isolated from 12 Chinese traditional medicinal plants collected at Yuanmou county
and Dawei Mountain, Yunnan province, southwest China, were tested for antitumour and antifungal activities by MTT assay on
human gastric tumour cell line BGC-823 and the growth inhibition test against 7 phytopathogenic fungi. The results showed
that fermentation broths from 9.2% of the isolates exhibited antitumour activity and 30% exhibited antifungal activity, moreover,
some of them exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activity. The active isolates were identified to 32 taxa. The results indicate
that the endophytic fungi of Chinese traditional medicinal plants are promising sources of novel bioactive compounds. 相似文献
12.
安徽产大戟属药用植物资源及其生物活性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对安徽产大戟属药用植物的资源状况及其生物活性进行了综述。安徽产大戟属药用植物约有9种,具有抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗氧化等生物活性,有些具有一定的毒性。 相似文献
13.
Yoshio Tsujisaka Mieko Iwai Juichiro Fukumoto Yoshifumi Okamoto 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(4):837-842
It was recognized that Geotrichum candidum Link which was selected as the efficient lipase producer formed lipase only in the presence of substrate or its relating compounds such as oils or fatty acids in a cultivation medium. From the experimental results obtained by the cultivation of the microorganism and also by using of washed cells, it seemed that lipase was formed inducibly. It is likely that the produced lipase is localized around the cell wall and membrane and it is released from the cells after a certain period from the inducible synthesis. 相似文献
14.
Zakaria A.M. Baka 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(16):1988-2002
This study was carried out to evaluate the antifungal potential of water and ethanol extracts from aerial parts of five wild medicinal plants collected from Sinai Peninsula, Egypt, and the extracts were tested in vitro and in vivo against Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight disease of tomato. The five wild medicinal plants used for the study were Asclepias sinaica, Farsetia aegyptia, Hypericum sinaicum, Phagnalon sinaicum and Salvia aegyptiaca. Ethanol extracts were more effective on the pathogen than water extracts at all concentrations used. Water and ethanol extracts of all plants tested reduced mycelial growth and inhibited spore germination of the pathogen with varying degrees. Water and ethanolic extracts also reduced the disease infection with pathogen comparing with control in detached leaves technique. In all experiments, extracts of A. sinaica and F. aegyptia were most effective on the pathogen than other plant extracts. In plot experiment, the water and ethanolic extracts of A. sinaica and F. aegyptia gave the most reduction of late blight disease severity comparing with control. Also, data indicated that after the application of plant extracts, there was an increase in fruit yield of tomato corresponding with the reduction of disease severity . Scanning electron microscopy revealed a negative alteration of pathogen hyphae treated with A. sinaica extract at 20%. This concentration of the same plant extract also reflected in dramatic changes in the cyto-morphology of pathogen hyphae as observed by transmission electron microscopy. These changes resulted in an increase in vacuolisation and lipid contents with consequent reduction of cytoplasm with alteration of cell wall and plasmalemma. The overall results suggested that the use of these Egyptian wild medicinal plant extracts was promising, effective and environment-friendly management measure against Phytophthora blight of tomato and thus, may be used in the production of organically grown vegetables. 相似文献
15.
Hania Hamrouni Khadija Ben Othman Hasnia Benmoussa Sourour Idoudi Hanen Najjaa Mohamed Neffati Walid Elfalleh 《化学与生物多样性》2023,20(8):e202300265
Phytochemical screening of aqueous extract from six medicinal wild plants grown in South-eastern of Tunisia: Atriplex halimus, Teucrium polium, Moricandia arvensis, Deverra tortuoa, Haplophyllum tuberculatum and Polygonum equisetiforme were evaluated. Both decoction and ultrasound assisted extraction were used. Antioxidant, antibacterial proprieties, and phenolic profiling, using LC-ESI-MS method, were assessed. Total polyphenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins contents ranged from 7.47±0.19 to 22.25±0.49 mg GAE/g Dw, 5.47±0.06 to 7.55±0.07 mg RE/g Dw, and 0.33±0.02 to 19.43±0.64 mg TAE/g Dw, respectively. Moreover, the reducing power and DPPH tests showed that P. equisetiforme (EC50: 12.50±0.50 μg/ml; DPPH⋅+: 213.49±4.24 mg TEAC/g DW), T. polium (EC50: 25.00±1.00 μg/ml; DPPH⋅+: 181.39±9.47 mg TEAC/g DW) as well as H. tuberculatum (EC50: 56.25±0.25 μg/ml; DPPH⋅+: 177.83±5.85 mg TEAC/g DW) extracts were the most effective natural antioxidants. For anti-bacterial activity, the ultrasonic extract of H. tuberculatum showed the highest activity against both P. aeruginosa (13.50±0.71 mm) and S. aureus (13.00±0.00 mm) at 10 mg/ml. Furthermore 24 phenolic compounds were identified, with predominance of quinic acid, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, trans-ferulic acid, catechin (+), trans-cinnamic and silymarin. These results were further consolidated by to heatmap clustering with P. equisetiforme, H. tuberculatum, T. polium as the main antioxidant and antibacterial sources which supports their domestication and industrial use. 相似文献
16.
《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(12):2751-2754
Inhibition by medicinal plant extracts of a recombinant sortase was evaluated for antibacterial drug discovery. The coding region of sortase, a transpeptidase that cleaves surface proteins of Gram-positive bacteria, was amplified by PCR from the chromosome of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538p with the exception of an N-terminal membrane anchor sequence, expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified by metal chelate affinity chromatography. The purified sortase had maximum activity at pH 7.5 and was stable at 20-45°C for the cleavage of a synthetic fluorophore substrate. The enzyme inhibitory activity in medicinal plants was also evaluated for antibacterial drug discovery. Among 80 medicinal plants tested, Cocculus trilobus, Fritillaria verticillata, Liriope platyphylla, and Rhus verniciflua had strong inhibitory activity. The extract with the greatest activity was the ethyl acetate fraction derived from the rhizome of Cocculus trilobus (IC50=1.52 μg/ml). 相似文献
17.
The main objectives of this study were to investigate the intra-specific and inter-specific phytochemical diversity and classification of nine important medicinal plant species from Tabuk region (KSA), namely (Pulicaria undulata L., Pulicaria incisa Lam., Artemisia herba-alba Asso., Artemisia monosperma Delile, Artemisia judaica L. and Achillea fragrantissima Forssk. from Asteraceae family, Ducrosia flabellifolia Boiss. from Apiaceae family, Thymus vulgaris L. and Lavandula coronopifolia Poir. from Lamiaceae family); to evaluate the antibacterial potentials of the plant extracts, and to inspect the possible associations between phytochemical diversity and contents of different phytochemical classes with the antibacterial activities of plant extracts. GC/MS technique was used to identify phytochemicals in the plant extracts. The standard disk diffusion technique was used to conduct the antibiotic susceptibility against four pathogenic bacterial species (two Gram positive: Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and two Gram negative species: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. A total of 160 different phytochemicals belonging to 30 compound classes were separated and identified. A. fragrantissima had the highest phytochemical diversity and P. incisa had the lowest one. Phytochemical beta diversity was 6.2362. Ethanol outperformed other extraction solvents in terms of antibacterial activity, while Pulicaria undulata and T. vulgaris ranked highest among plants in this regard. Gram positive bacterial species were more sensitive to plant extracts compared to Gram negative species. Phytochemical diversity and antibacterial activity of plant extracts against E. coli and P. aeruginosa were positively correlative, terpenoid and benzene & substituted derivative contents exhibited significant (p<0.05) positive correlations with the antibacterial activity against E. coli, terpenoid contents also showed positive correlation with activity against P. aeruginosa; benzene & derivative showed positive correlation with activity against the rest of bacterial species, 相似文献
18.
In this study, extracts from 50 Taiwanese folk medicinal plants were examined and screened for anti-Helicobacter pylori activity. Ninety-five percent ethanol was used for herbal extraction. Paederia scandens (Lour.) Merr. (PSM), Plumbago zeylanica L. (PZL), Anisomeles indica (L.) O. Kuntze (AIOK), Bombax malabaricum DC. (BMDC) and Alpinia speciosa (J. C. Wendl.) K. Schum. (ASKS) and Bombax malabaricum DC. (BMDC) all demonstrated strong anti-H. pylori activities. The minimum inhibitory concentration values of the anti-H. pylori activity given by the five ethanol herb extracts ranged from 0.64 to 10.24 mg ml(-1). Twenty-six herbs, including Artemisia argvi Levl. et Vant (AALEV), Phyla nodiflora (Linn.) Greene (PNG) and others, showed moderate anti-H. pylori activity. The additional 19 herbs, including Areca catechu Linn. (ACL), Euphorbia hirta Linn. (EHL) and Gnaphalium adnatum Wall. ex DC. (GAWEDC), possessed lower anti-H. pylori effects. About half of the Taiwanese folk medicinal plants tested, demonstrated to possess higher anti-H. pylori activity. 相似文献
19.
Most species of the genus Laggera are often used in traditional and folk medicines for the treatment of jaundice, inflammation, leukemia, removing phlegm, bronchitis and bacterial diseases. The essential oils obtained from Laggera plants are rich sources of oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Among oxygenated monoterpenes, aromatic ether 2,5‐dimethoxy‐p‐cymene is the most abundant and dominant compound of many essential oils of the Laggera species. Till today, to the best of our knowledge, chemical compounds of the essential oils and/or extracts of only eight Laggera species were reported from different countries. Thus, this review presents the chemical compositions and biological activities of the essential oils of these plants studied in thirteen countries. In addition, it discusses the reported ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological information as well as biological activities of the extracts and some of the isolated compounds of Laggera plants species. 相似文献
20.
Zakaria A.M. Baka 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(8):736-743
Six medicinal plants such as Amaranthus spinosus, Barbeya oleoides, Clutia lanceolata, Lavandula pubescens, Maerua oblongifolia and Withania somnifera collected from different locations in the southwestern part of Saudi Arabia were tested for antifungal activities against five plant pathogenic fungi causing serious diseases of vegetable crops. These fungi were Alternaria brassicae, Alternaria solani, Botrytis fabae, Fusarium solani and Phytophthora infestans. Aqueous plant extracts reduced mycelial growth and inhibited spore germination of all fungi tested. It is clear that the aqueous extract of Lavandula pubescens leaves was the best for controlling all phytopathogenic fungi under study. These results suggested that medicinal plant extracts play an important role in controlling the phytopathogenic fungi. 相似文献