太湖洞庭山十种茶果间作茶园节肢动物群落组成的异同性

为揭示茶园间作果树对于节肢动物群落数量、空间格局的影响,2009年夏茶期间,于具有悠久茶-果间作历史、名茶洞庭碧螺春原产地的太湖东洞庭山选10种间作茶园,2010年春茶时节于西洞庭山选10种同类型间作茶园,调查果树的树丛之间、茶丛上层、茶丛中层、茶丛下层、地表和土壤层中各种节肢动物数量。发现:(1)两次调查结果具有较好的重现性;(2)每种供试茶园优势种害虫都是假眼小绿叶蝉Empoasca vitis Gthe和黑刺粉虱Aleurocanthus spiniferus(Quaintance)、其它主要害虫种类相同,东、西洞庭山优势种天敌相同;(3)10种茶园中茶丛上层、茶丛中层物种数多于其它层次;茶丛下层的个体数最大,主要是粉虱类和蚧类等小型同翅目昆虫;茶丛中层多样性指数稍高;(4)茶-桔、茶-板栗间作茶园物种较多;茶-腊梅间作茶园物种数、个体数较少。研究结果表明:茶园中合理地间作果树,可以增大生物多样性,即使在果树树丛之间、地表和土壤层中也拥有一定数量的节肢动物,间作明显地影响节肢动物群落的组成。     

三种信息化合物对叶蝉及其优势天敌的生态效应

【目的】为了探讨外源信息化合物对茶小绿叶蝉Empoasca vitis G?the其优势天敌时序动态的影响和对叶蝉的生态控制效应,本文研究了3种外源信息化合物对茶园小绿叶蝉和蜘蛛种群数量的影响。【方法】将用水杨酸(SA)、水杨酸甲酯(MeSA)、芳樟醇及添加有抗氧化剂和抗紫外线剂浸泡后的诱芯在田间悬挂1、3、7、14 d后,在距诱芯1、2、3 m处分别调查了茶小绿叶蝉和蜘蛛的个体数,以正己烷浸泡的诱芯作对照。【结果】不同处理均使叶蝉的种群数量下降,其中以水杨酸的抑制作用最明显,水杨酸甲酯次之;悬挂7 d后对叶蝉的数量影响最大,显著低于悬挂前。各处理均能增加蜘蛛种群数量,以水杨酸甲酯对蜘蛛的诱集作用最明显;悬挂3 d后蜘蛛数量增加最多;不同距离的诱芯对叶蝉和天敌密度影响差异均不明显。【结论】外源SA和MeSA能够降低田间茶小绿叶蝉的种群密度,并对天敌具有一定的诱集效果,研究结果为茶园叶蝉的防治与优势天敌的保护和利用提供了重要的依据。     

周边不同生境条件对茶园蜘蛛群落及叶蝉种群时空结构的影响

为利用天敌实施害虫生态控制,田间调查了周边不同生境条件对茶园蜘蛛及叶蝉种群结构的影响。结果表明:小乔木生境茶园(Ⅰ)和相思树生境茶园(Ⅲ)影响下茶园蜘蛛及叶蝉聚集程度较强,茶园Ⅰ叶蝉聚集数最多,为692头,但与其他生境茶园间差异不显著(P0.05);茶园Ⅲ蜘蛛聚集数量最多,为1155头,并与稻田生境茶园(Ⅱ)、生活区生境茶园(Ⅳ)的差异达到显著水平(P0.05);从蜘蛛功能群聚集情况来看,结网型蜘蛛相对较少,为295头;游猎型蜘蛛最多,为2957头;其中,茶园Ⅰ与茶园Ⅲ蜘蛛多样性指数和丰富度数值较大,对叶蝉的跟随效应明显,并与Ⅱ、Ⅳ茶园有显著差异(P0.05)。多元数据分析结果显示,茶园Ⅰ和茶园Ⅲ均能够明显提高蜘蛛群落聚集的时空分布水平;蜘蛛群落的聚集密度时空分布大小表现为:茶园Ⅰ茶园Ⅲ茶园Ⅳ茶园Ⅱ。由此可知周边生境结构植物丰富和相对稳定的茶园能通过和谐的生态过程影响蜘蛛和叶蝉的时空格局,提高蜘蛛对害虫叶蝉的自然控制能力。     

有机、无公害和普通茶园管理方式对节肢动物群落和主要害虫的影响

2002年7月～2003年7月对皖南一块有机茶园、一块无公害茶园和一块普通茶园茶丛内、茶丛上空及地表的昆虫、蜘蛛和螨类进行了调查.在有机茶园查得20732个体,属于131种70科,无公害茶园查得42547个体,属于97种50科,普通茶园中查得35242个体,属于89种50科.在有机、无公害和普通茶园中：①假眼小绿叶蝉个体数及其占总个体数百分率分别为5176头和25%、14049头和33%、17590头和50%;茶尺蠖个体数及其占总个体数百分率分别为340头和1.6%、13099头和30.8%、7154头和20.3%.②蜂类、步甲类、虎甲类、瓢虫类和隐翅甲类的总种数和总个体数分别是40种和2620头、33种和1898头、以及29种和1610头;③天敌与害虫种数之比依次为1：0.60、1：0.64和1：0.71,个体数之比依次为1：0.84、1：3.21和1：3.17;茶尺蠖与茶尺蠖绒茧蜂个体数量之比依次为3.4：1、18.8：1和17.0：1.有机茶园中蜘蛛与叶蝉数量相关显著（p＜0.05）.x^2测验表明,有机、无公害和普通茶园相互间物种的数量组成差异较大.结果表明,强烈的人为干预显著影响群落组成和主要害虫数量;茶园禁用农药且周围的非茶园生境中植物相丰富,将涵养天敌、减轻虫害.     

苦李山茱萸或板栗与茶间作增进昆虫多样性的效应

为探讨间作对于茶园昆虫群落多样性和群落结构的影响,遂于皖南山区石台县选苦李-茶、山茱萸-茶、板栗-茶间作茶园,邻近每类间作茶园、选择相同品种和同样立地条件的纯茶园作为对照,2007年1月-2009年1月,每月上旬调查这6块茶园昆虫、蜘蛛和捕食螨种数和个体数。结果表明:①与对照茶园相比,间作茶园昆虫的总物种数、总多样性指数稍大,间作茶园的天敌个体数稍多、益害生物的个体数量比值稍大;②间作对茶园昆虫的总个体数有影响。结果表明茶园间作可在一定程度上增加昆虫多样性。     

不同生境条件与管理方式对茶园蜘蛛群落结构及多样性的影响

蜘蛛在茶园的生态控制和生物防治中起到重要的作用,为了解不同生境条件和管理方式的茶园蜘蛛群落结构差异和多样性变化,于2011年3月份—2011年10月份,运用振落承接和过筛法对3种不同类型茶园的蜘蛛群落组成与多样性进行了调查。结果表明:(1)3种类型茶园蜘蛛群落组成:3种类型茶园蜘蛛群落在科、属、种的组成及个体数量上,均表现为有机茶园高,无公害茶园次之,普通茶园低,且在物种数和个体数存在显著差异。管巢蛛科和狼蛛科是3种类型茶园的优势类群,球蛛科、跳蛛科、狼蛛科、皿蛛科的物种优势度大于10%。(2)蜘蛛群落物种多样性的多重分析结果表明,有机茶园蜘蛛群落的个体数、物种数、物种多样性指数、物种丰富度指数和均匀度指数均高于无公害茶园和普通茶园,普通茶园最低,且达到显著水平(P0.05)。(3)多元数据分析结果表明,有机茶园蜘蛛群落组成与普通茶园差异较大,无公害茶园与普通茶园蜘蛛群落组成差异较小;3种类型茶园的茶丛蜘蛛群落个体数、物种数及物种多样性指数、丰富度指数和均匀度指数均高于地表,且表现为机茶园多,无公害茶园次之,普通茶园最少。蜘蛛的功能群采集发现,在3种茶园中结网蜘蛛少,而主要是游猎蜘蛛。(4)不使用化学农药的茶园,因其周边生境结构复杂(竹林、小灌木及杂草),植被丰富,形成植被缓冲带,改善了茶园小气候环境,增加了茶园土表覆盖度,可明显提高茶丛和地表游猎蜘蛛的物种数和个体数量。综合研究结果表明,在生态条件好、干扰少的有机茶园中的蜘蛛物种数量、群落多样性明显高于受损生态系统和人为干扰强的普通茶园。     

茶园间作不同绿肥对节肢动物群落结构和多样性的影响

【目的】研究在茶园中合理间作绿肥对茶园节肢动物群落结构和多样性的影响。【方法】本文在茶园中分别设间作铺地木兰+罗顿豆、圆叶决明+白三叶、白三叶+平托花生3种不同绿肥组合处理,并设不间作绿肥、常规除草的茶园为对照。【结果】间作不同绿肥均能提高茶园节肢动物群落的物种丰富度和群落多样性,提高茶园捕食性天敌昆虫、蜘蛛和寄生性天敌在茶园冠层群落的比率;不同处理茶园冠层节肢动物Shannon-wiener多样性指数(H)、Simpson指数(D)和均匀度指数变化趋势基本一致;茶冠层的节肢动物群落多样性指数在4类不同处理茶园间差异显著;间作绿肥增加了茶园的生物多样性,4类不同处理茶园茶冠层群落相似性系数在0.741~0.892之间,表明4类不同处理茶园冠层群落在物种组成上有较高的相似性。4类不同处理茶园害虫与天敌两类群功能团的丰盛度之间成显著的正相关,表明天敌对害虫的空间数量跟随效应强,主要表现为二者数量间的相互作用。灰色关联度分析表明在4类不同处理茶园中的群落节肢动物物种数/个体数、天敌物种数/害虫物种数、害虫丰富度与多样性指数和均匀度指数的关联系数较高,反应了群落的多样性和稳定性。【结论】间作增强了茶园群落的生物多样性,提高害虫天敌的种类和个体数,有利有效发挥天敌对有害生物的生态控制。     

茶园周边景观格局对茶小绿叶蝉种群遗传结构的影响

摘要: 【目的】研究不同茶园茶小绿叶蝉Empoasca onukii种群的遗传分化和基因流格局,探究其种群遗传结构差异和扩散特点及其与茶园景观格局的关系。【方法】以福建省安溪县为研究区域,在运用ArcMap10.5和R软件包raster分析研究区域景观组成和结构的基础上,选取周边景观格局不同的18个茶园采集茶小绿叶蝉(530个个体),基于23个微卫星位点对这些个体进行PCR扩增和基因型测定,采用ARLEQUIN 3.5.2, FSTAT 2.9.3和R软件包adegenet 2.0.0分析其遗传多样性和遗传分化情况;采用STRUCTURE 2.3.4和R软件包adegenet2.0.0中的DAPC程序分析其种群遗传分化;利用BAYESASS 3.0.4估算种群间最近几代的迁移率;同时利用景观遗传学的统计方法Mantel、距离矩阵多元回归模型(MRM)和一般线性模型(GLMM)将茶小绿叶蝉种群遗传分化与景观组成和景观结构的空间数据进行关联分析。【结果】供试18个茶小绿叶蝉种群的23个微卫星位点的等位基因数为9~52,等位基因丰富度(A_R)为3.686~4.397,基因多样性(D_IV)为0.676~0.734,期望杂合度(He)为0.659~0.729。聚类分析显示,有大量森林生境的西北部5个相邻样点的种群组成一个类群,有大量居民点和其他作物田分布的东北部的5个相邻样点的种群分为两个类群,而集约化种植模式明显的南部样点的种群也分成两个类群。两两种群间的Nei氏遗传距离为0.042~0.984,Provesti氏遗传距离为0.207~0.650,遗传分化指数F_ST为0.002~0.222。BAYESASS分析显示,种群间的现时基因流(Nm)相对较低,介于0.007~0.180,而在种群内部的基因流介于0.674~0.854。在此基础上,Mantel和距离矩阵多元回归模型分析显示,地理距离和采样点周围1 000 m范围内草地面积占比是与茶小绿叶蝉种群遗传分化有关的两个关键因子;一般线性模型分析进一步证实茶小绿叶蝉种群遗传分化与这两个关键因子线性关系显著,茶小绿叶蝉种群遗传多样性与采样点周围半径1 000 m范围内草地面积占比线性关系显著。【结论】结果说明研究区域内茶小绿叶蝉种群形成了明显的遗传分化结构和地理距离隔离格局,异地种群间现时基因交流受限明显,因此推测茶小绿叶蝉其自主扩散能力比较有限,不具有远距离迁飞的习性。茶园周围1 000 m范围内草地生境对茶小绿叶蝉种群的遗传多样性具有积极作用,茶园周边景观组成和尺度范围可能通过影响茶小绿叶蝉种群的扩散和定殖过程而与其种群遗传结构相关联。     

稻草覆盖对红壤丘陵茶园的生态调控效应

在红壤丘陵区幼龄茶园通过连续4年稻草覆盖的大田试验,研究了稻草覆盖对茶园的生态综合调控效应。结果表明,稻草覆盖改良了土壤理化性状,提高了茶树生长时期(3~10月)的土壤水分含量,特别是土壤表层(0~20 cm)的水分含量;缓冲了茶园土壤温度变化;抑制了茶园杂草的生长;增加了蜘蛛等天敌的数量,有效地控制了假眼小绿叶蝉和茶蚜虫等害虫数量,但茶尺蠖显著增加;有利于蚯蚓的生长,改善了茶园生态环境。     

5种茶园秋冬季天敌与假眼小绿叶蝉空间关系密切程度的差异

为了明确与假眼小绿叶蝉空间关系密切的天敌种类,为合理利用和保护天敌提供科学依据。运用地学统计学分析方法计算白毫早茶园、黄山大叶种茶园、农抗早茶园、平阳特早茶园和乌牛早茶园秋冬季假眼小绿叶蝉和其主要6种天敌地统计学半变异函数的变程。使用灰色系统分析方法对计算结果进行灰色关联度分析,并对分析结果进行标准化。以标准化后的密切指数大小评判天敌与假眼小绿叶蝉空间关系的密切程度。结果是：1）、黄山大叶种茶园和农抗早茶园与假眼小绿叶蝉空间关系密切的前3位天敌是粽管巢蛛、鳞纹肖蛸和斜纹猫蛛,但位次不同。2）、白毫早茶园前3位天敌是鳞纹肖蛸、斜纹猫蛛和锥腹肖蛸,前2种与黄山大叶种和农抗早茶园相同。3）、平阳特早茶园前3位天敌是鳞纹肖蛸、粽管巢蛛和草间小黑蛛,前2种与黄山大叶种和农抗早茶园相同。4）、乌牛早茶园前3位天敌是粽管巢蛛、草间小黑蛛和三突花蟹蛛,只有粽管巢蛛与黄山大叶种和农抗早茶园相同。根据5种茶园同种天敌密切指数之和以及同种天敌位次之和评判,与假眼小绿叶蝉空间关系密切的天敌均是鳞纹肖蛸、粽管巢蛛和斜纹猫蛛。天敌位次的变化主要是害虫和天敌数量之比的比值变化。害虫个体数与某种天敌个体数之比的比值越小,天敌与害虫的跟随关系则越密切。密切原因与食饵资源短缺有关。     

Probing behavior of the tea green leafhopper on different tea plant cultivars

The probing behaviors of the tea green leafhopper, Empoasca vitis (Gothe), on 9 tea cultivars were studied using video-text Direct Current-Electrical Penetration Graph, i.e., DC-EPG. The following 7 types of waveforms produced by the leafhopper stylet probing were determined: A, stylet pathway formation; S, salivation when stylets pierce into and stay in phloems; C, active ingestion before stylets reach phloems; E and F, passive ingestion in phloems; R, the insect resting with its stylet inserted into the leaf tissue and NP without probing. The 9 tested tea cultivars were categorized into 3 groups by the cluster analysis according to the number of probes per insect, waveform durations, or duration per probe of various waveforms on different tea cultivars. Waveforms S, E and F correlated to the main feeding activity of the leafhopper and may provide valuable information on predicting the resis-tance level of the tea plants to the leafhopper. The resistance level of the 9 tea cultivars to the leafhopper was ranked based on the durations of waveforms S, E and F, as well as the duration per probe including various waveforms. The ranking order of the resis-tance was: Longjingchangye > Hangdan > Zhenghedabaicha > Qianmei 601 > Hongyafoshuo > Zhongcha 102 > Zhongcha 302 > Longjing 43 > Anjibaicha, which corresponded to the resistance level determined by the population density (infestation) of the leaf-hopper on the 9 tea cultivars in the tea fields. Our study suggests that this simple and convenient DC-EPG technique might have great potential as a reliable tool to predict the resistance of tea cultivars to the tea leafhopper.     

Probing behavior of the tea green leafhopper on different tea plant cultivars

The probing behaviors of the tea green leafhopper, Empoasca vitis (Gothe), on 9 tea cultivars were studied using video-text Direct Current-Electrical Penetration Graph, i.e., DC-EPG. The following 7 types of waveforms produced by the leafhopper stylet probing were determined: A, stylet pathway formation; S, salivation when stylets pierce into and stay in phloems; C, active ingestion before stylets reach phloems; E and F, passive ingestion in phloems; R, the insect resting with its stylet inserted into the leaf tissue and NP without probing. The 9 tested tea cultivars were categorized into 3 groups by the cluster analysis according to the number of probes per insect, waveform durations, or duration per probe of various waveforms on different tea cultivars. Waveforms S, E and F correlated to the main feeding activity of the leafhopper and may provide valuable information on predicting the resis-tance level of the tea plants to the leafhopper. The resistance level of the 9 tea cultivars to the leafhopper was ranked based on the durations of waveforms S, E and F, as well as the duration per probe including various waveforms. The ranking order of the resis-tance was: Longjingchangye > Hangdan > Zhenghedabaicha > Qianmei 601 > Hongyafoshuo > Zhongcha 102 > Zhongcha 302 > Longjing 43 > Anjibaicha, which corresponded to the resistance level determined by the population density (infestation) of the leaf-hopper on the 9 tea cultivars in the tea fields. Our study suggests that this simple and convenient DC-EPG technique might have great potential as a reliable tool to predict the resistance of tea cultivars to the tea leafhopper.     

覆盖与间作对亚热带丘陵茶园地温时空变化的影响

研究了亚热带丘陵茶园连续4年进行稻草覆盖与白三叶草间作对茶园地温时空动态变化的影响.结果表明,茶园地温具有明显的时空动态变化特征和位相滞后现象,与茶树的年生长发育周期各阶段的最适温度非常吻合.稻草覆盖与白三叶草间作改变了土壤热量交换层（地表层）的性质,具有升温时降温和降温时增温、保温的双向动态调控作用,降低了日较差,增强了同一土层温度的稳定性,其调控效果为随着土壤深度增加而降低,13：00>19：00>7：00,降温大于增温和保温,降温幅度随气温的升高而增大,增温和保温随气温的下降而加强,间作白三叶草的降温效果大于稻草覆盖,保温效果则相反.茶园地温时空变化转换点得到调节,显著地降低了有害高温的出现次数,明显地降低了持续高温期的土壤温度,有效地缩短了极限高温时间.     

Effects of intercropping with persimmon on the rhizosphere environment of tea

The rhizosphere environment of tea (Camelllia sinensis Kuntze) intercropped with persimmon (Diospyros kaki) differs from monocultures of tea.A trial was conducted to determine the effects of intercropping with persimmon on root exudates and soil nutrient condition of tea.Amino acid exuded in intercropping was three times higher than that in monoculture.Phenol,phenol/amino acid ration,dissolved sugar,and total organic acid were also lower in intercropping.The value of pH in soil was higher,and soil nutrient condition of rhizosphere,especially available nutrient,was not as well in intercropping as that in tea grown alone.While soil nutrient of non-rhizosphere was better than that in monoculture,tea quality and soil nutrient condition were better in intercropping ecosystem.     

Behavioral responses for evaluating the attractiveness of specific tea shoot volatiles to the tea green leafhopper,Empoaca vitis

Abstract The tea green leafhopper, Empoasca vitis Göthe, is one of the most serious insect pests of tea plantations in mainland China. Over the past decades, this pest has been controlled mainly by spraying pesticides. Insecticide applications not only have become less effective in controlling damage, but even more seriously, have caused high levels of toxic residues in teas, which ultimately threatens human health. Therefore, we should seek a safer biological control approach. In the present study, key components of tea shoot volatiles were identified and behaviorally tested as potential leafhopper attractants. The following 13 volatile compounds were identified from aeration samples of tea shoots using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS): (E)‐2‐hexenal, (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol, (Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate, 2‐ethyl‐1‐hexanol, (E)‐ocimene, linalool, nonanol, (Z)‐butanoic acid, 3‐hexenyl ester, decanal, tetradecane, β‐caryophyllene, geraniol and hexadecane. In Y‐tube olfactometer tests, the following individual compounds were identified: (E)‐2‐hexenal, (E)‐ocimene, (Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate and linalool, as well as two synthetic mixtures (called blend 1 and blend 2) elicited significant taxis, with blend 2 being the most attractive. Blend 1 included linalool, (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol and (E)‐2‐hexenal at a 1 : 1 : 1 ratio, whereas blend 2 was a mixture of eight compounds at the same loading ratio: (E)‐2‐hexenal, (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol, (Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate, 2‐penten‐1‐ol, (E)‐2‐pentenal, pentanol, hexanol and 1‐penten‐3‐ol. In tea fields, the bud‐green sticky board traps baited with blend 2, (E)‐2‐hexenal or hexane captured adults and nymphs of the leafhoppers, with blend 2 being the most attractive, followed by (E)‐2‐hexenal and hexane. Placing sticky traps baited with blend 2 or (E)‐2‐hexenal in the tea fields significantly reduced leafhopper populations. Our results indicate that the bud‐green sticky traps baited with tea shoot volatiles can provide a new tool for monitoring and managing the tea leafhopper.     

Effects of intercropping with persimmon on the rhizosphere environment of tea

The rhizosphere environment of tea (Camellia sinensis Kuntze) intercropped with persimmon (Diospyros kaki) differs from monocultures of tea. A trial was conducted to determine the effects of intercropping with persimmon on root exudates and soil nutrient condition of tea. Amino acid exuded in intercropping was three times higher than that in monoculture. Phenol, phenol/amino acid ration, dissolved sugar, and total organic acid were also lower in intercropping. The value of pH in soil was higher, and soil nutrient condition of rhizosphere, especially available nutrient, was not as well in intercropping as that in tea grown alone. While soil nutrient of non-rhizosphere was better than that in monoculture, tea quality and soil nutrient condition were better in intercropping ecosystem. __________ Translated from Journal of Southwest China Normal University (Natural Science), 2005, 30(4): 715–718 [译自: 西南师范大学学报 (自然科学版), 2005, 30(4): 715–718]     

外源水杨酸甲酯(MeSA)处理茶树对茶园主要害虫及其天敌的影响

研究了4种豆科寄主植物及5个不同温度处理对西花蓟马生长发育的影响,并对各虫态的发育起点温度和有效积温进行了分析。结果表明:同一温度条件下,西花蓟马取食不同豆科寄主植物时,各虫态的发育历期差异显著,但不同温度下不同寄主处理间的差异性不同;西花蓟马的未成熟期取食四季豆叶片时发育最快,取食蚕豆叶片时发育最慢,两寄主间存在显著差异;取食同一寄主植物时,不同温度处理下,西花蓟马各虫态的发育历期差异显著,且随温度升高历期缩短,发育速率和温度之间为直线关系;西花蓟马各虫态在不同寄主植物上的发育起点温度和有效积温各不相同,未成熟期取食蚕豆叶片时发育起点温度最低为6.35℃,但需要的有效积温最高为331.36日度。     

不同颜色遮阳网遮光对丘陵茶园夏秋茶和春茶产量及主要生化成分的影响

为研究不同颜色遮阳网遮光对夏秋茶与春茶产量和品质的影响,在中国科学院桃源农业生态试验站以“碧香早”茶树为试验材料,选用不遮光和中度遮光（遮光率(50?4)%）的黑色、绿色、银灰色遮阳网开展遮光试验。结果表明：不同季节使用黑色遮阳网能显著增加氨基酸和咖啡碱含量,降低茶多酚含量和酚氨比,与对照茶园比较,夏季、秋季、春季茶叶氨基酸含量分别增加了14.22%、17.07%、6.23%,茶多酚含量分别降低了4.40%、6.43%、27.66%,咖啡碱含量分别增加了9.48%、8.10%、7.28%。夏秋季银灰色遮阳网效果最差,绿色遮阳网效果介于黑色和对照之间,春季三种颜色遮阳网效果均优于对照;茶树遮光后品质明显优于对照,夏秋茶经遮光可达到制高档茶的要求,春茶遮光可达到制名优茶的要求。     

不同茶园昆虫群落结构及动态

通过系统调查,测定了不同茶园昆虫群落结构特征.结果表明,福州茶区节肢动物有85种,其中害虫48种,天敌28种,其它9种.茶园昆虫群落特征参数随时间、茶园类型、茶树空间（部位）等不同而变化.每年以5-6月和9-10月昆虫群落丰富度（S）、样本数（N）、多样性指数（H）和优势度（D）最高.生物农药示范茶园S、H明显高于常规化学防治茶园的,同时,天敌种类及数量分别是化学防治茶园的1.28和2.50倍.