棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂的寄生对棉铃虫体内主要代谢物质的影响

寄生蜂是调节寄主害虫种群数量的一个重要因子.棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂Campoletis chorideae Uchida是棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera Hübner和烟青虫Helicoverpa assulta Guenée的主要寄生性天敌,对两种害虫的田间自然控制起着非常重要的作用.本文选取棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂-棉铃虫系统为研究对象,从齿唇姬蜂的寄生对棉铃虫体内主要代谢物质的影响等方面进行了研究.试验结果显示,棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂的寄生使棉铃虫幼虫组织中糖原含量发生了明显的变化,与未被寄生的同龄棉铃虫幼虫相比,被寄生幼虫组织中的糖原含量下降了近一倍,被寄生的棉铃虫幼虫血淋巴和虫体组织中蛋白质、脂肪的含量均显著下降.     

棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的室内寄生效果初探

重大入侵害虫草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith主要危害玉米、水稻等主粮作物,对我国粮食安全造成了极大的威胁,挖掘和利用本土天敌是其绿色防控的重要途径之一。本研究以田间获取的寄生于草地贪夜蛾幼虫的棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂Campoletis chlorideae Uchida为研究对象,对其寄生草地贪夜蛾幼虫的完整过程进行了系统地观察,测定了其寄生于不同龄期草地贪夜蛾幼虫的发育历期。同时,进行了以不同夜蛾科幼虫为寄主时棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂的发育历期和蛹重的差异性分析。结果显示,棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂能够成功寄生2~4龄草地贪夜蛾幼虫,并顺利化蛹。但寄生2龄幼虫的棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂蛹期为4.21±0.52 d,蛹重为6.86±1.27 mg,均显著低于寄生3龄和4龄幼虫。寄生草地贪夜蛾幼虫的棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂的发育历期和蛹重分别为7.35±0.44 d和11.37±0.36 mg,与寄生棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera Hübner和黏虫Mythimna separate Walker幼虫时无显著差异,但均显著高于寄生在斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura Fabricius幼虫时。研究表明,棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂对入侵害虫草地贪夜蛾具有良好的防控潜力,值得进一步研究和开发应用。     

取食蜂蜜对棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂体内主要代谢物质的影响

为揭示食物在齿唇姬蜂Campoletis chlorideae Uchida生命中所起的作用,测定分析饱食蜂蜜和只取食清水的齿唇姬蜂体内糖类、脂肪和蛋白质随日龄增加的变化趋势。结果显示,取食蜂蜜对齿唇姬蜂体内主要代谢物质影响显著。10%蜂蜜水和清水饲养的齿唇姬蜂的雌蜂和雄蜂在刚羽化时体内都含有较高水平的糖原、总糖、脂肪和蛋白质。但随着日龄的增加,用清水饲养的雌、雄蜂体内的糖原和总糖含量迅速下降并达到最低水平;而用蜂蜜水饲养的雌、雄蜂随日龄的增加体内的糖原含量没有显著变化,并且与清水饲养的雌、雄蜂相比,其体内总糖含量反而有所上升。用蜂蜜水饲养的齿唇姬蜂的寿命显著长于用清水饲养的齿唇姬蜂。由于蜂蜜中含有丰富的果糖,所以冷蒽酮反应测定显示,用蜂蜜水饲养的齿唇姬蜂体内果糖含量较高,但却不能在清水饲养的齿唇姬蜂体内测出。2种食物处理的齿唇姬蜂在羽化后体内脂肪含量均有下降;并且随日龄的增加,清水饲养的齿唇姬蜂体内脂肪含量的下降速度明显快于蜂蜜水饲养的齿唇姬蜂。取食蜂蜜水的齿唇姬蜂体内蛋白质含量随日龄无显著变化;而用清水饲养的齿唇姬蜂在羽化后体内蛋白质含量随日龄的增长迅速下降并达到最低水平。     

棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂嗅觉受体基因 CchlOrco 的克隆及组织表达谱分析

【目的】昆虫的嗅觉受体（olfactory receptors, ORs）一般以气味分子特异的ORs与共受体（ co-Receptor, Orco）通过形成异质二聚体在嗅觉感受中发挥关键作用,其中Orco由于具有序列的保守性而受到广泛的重视。本研究旨在克隆棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂 Campoletis chlorideae 的Orco基因,并对其组织表达谱进行分析。【方法】利用RT-PCR技术和转录组分析技术克隆棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂的Orco基因,并对其编码的氨基酸序列进行生物信息学分析;利用Real-time PCR技术对该基因在该蜂成虫不同组织中的表达量进行分析。【结果】获得了棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂 Orco 的全长cDNA序列,命名为 CchlOrco（GenBank登录号：KP255444）。序列分析表明, 该基因开放阅读框全长1 437 bp,编码478个氨基酸,预测该氨基酸序列具有7个跨膜区。CchlOrco 主要在成虫触角中表达,且在雄蜂触角中的表达量最高,是雌蜂触角中表达量的8.0倍,而在其他组织中表达量极低。【结论】本研究克隆了棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂 CchlOrco 序列全长,明确了其在成虫不同组织中的表达水平,为进一步研究该基因及其他嗅觉受体基因功能奠定了基础。     

棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂对植物挥发物和寄主性信息素腺体化合物的EAG反应

测试了棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂Campoletis chlorideae Uchida对58种植物挥发物和5种寄主性信息素腺体化合物的EAG反应。在100 μg的刺激剂量下,棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂对C₅～C₇脂肪醇的EAG反应最强,碳链延长或缩短都将导致反应的降低;对脂肪醛、酮、酸和酯都有一定的反应。棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂对萜烯的EAG反应很低,对氧化萜的反应普遍升高。3种芳香化合物均可激起棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂较强的EAG反应。剂量反应曲线表明,具有EAG活性的化合物激起的反应强度与化合物的剂量呈正相关,而2种萜烯——α-蒎烯和反式石竹烯,在测定的剂量范围内EAG活性都很低。棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂对寄主性信息素腺体化合物也有EAG反应,用100 μg和1 000 μg的寄主性信息素刺激,雄蜂的反应可比雌蜂的反应高出1倍。对植物挥发物在棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂寻找寄主中的作用进行了讨论。     

湖北红点唇瓢虫生物学特性研究

该虫在重庆一年发生4代,以2～4代成虫越冬。3月上旬气温达14℃以上成虫开始产卵。9月下旬气温达19℃以下停止产卵。在平均21.5℃和24.5℃时完成一代各需77～80天和37～55天。田间成虫于5月中旬、7月中旬、9月中旬和10月下旬出现4次高峰。捕食矢尖价、桑盾蚧、米兰白轮蚧和柿绒粉蚧。在益害比为1:100～400时,放虫后65天,矢尖蚧虫口下降87.42％～94.36％。发现幼虫寄生蜂6种。     

寄生柳丝叶蜂的卷唇姬蜂属一新种（膜翅目：姬蜂科）

报道寄生天水柳丝叶蜂Nematus sp．的姬蜂科1新种：突角卷唇姬蜂Aptesis corniculata Sheng,sp．nov.,模式标本存国家林业局森林病虫害防治总站。     

草地螟阿格姬蜂生物学特性初步研究

草地螟阿格姬蜂Agrypon flexorius Thunberg是草地螟Loxostege sticticalis L.老龄幼虫的优势寄生蜂,国内外对其研究报道较少。通过田间调查和室内试验,结果表明:雌雄蜂形态相似,雌蜂个体比雄峰略大。23℃下,草地螟阿格姬蜂经卵、幼虫、蛹发育到成虫,一个世代历期为30³7 d。田间寄生率为3.04%,自然平均雌雄性比为3.97∶1。羽化在寄主成虫出现一周后开始,第5天达到高峰。交尾时间一般537 d。田间寄生率为3.04%,自然平均雌雄性比为3.97∶1。羽化在寄主成虫出现一周后开始,第5天达到高峰。交尾时间一般5¹0 min。产卵时间一般为110 min。产卵时间一般为1²min,卵多产在草地螟头、胸部两侧。草地螟阿格姬蜂大多进行两性生殖,少数进行孤雌生殖。在雌蜂不产卵情况下,补充各种营养的成蜂寿命均在16℃时最长;22℃,补充蔗糖,雌蜂寿命平均为17.11 d。在雌蜂产卵情况下,20%蜂蜜水最适合繁殖。草地螟阿格姬蜂在草地螟4龄幼虫的寄生率最高,平均为40.23%。     

中国寄生叶蜂类的卷唇姬蜂

报道我国寄生叶蜂类的卷唇姬蜂属AptesisF?rster,1850的3种,其中含寄生玫瑰三节叶蜂ArgepaganaPanzer的中国1新记录:白基卷唇姬蜂Aptesisalbibasalis(Uchida,1930)。编制了卷唇姬蜂属中国已知种检索表。     

BIONOMIC OF CAMPOLETIS CHLORIDEAE (HYM:ICHNEUMONIDAE)AS A PARASITOID OF THE COTTON BOLLWORM HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA(LEP:NOCTUIDAE)*

Abstract The bionomics of Campoletis chlorideae and the regularity of its seasonal fluctuations were studied in Changsha district, Hunan province. Field investigation indicated that there were ten generations of C. chlorideae a year, of which seven occurred in cotton fields. Three peaks of cotton bollworm parasitization by C. chlorideae were observed, early May to late June, mid August to early September, mid September to mid October respectively. One peak occurred in tomato and tobacco fields, the other two in cotton fields. The parasitization rate ranged from 25. 1 % ‐63. 1 %. The total development time from egg to adult ranged from 13. O days at 32°C to 75. 5 days at 11. 6 °C. Each wasp could parasitize the 5–23 second instar larvae of tobacco caterpillar. C. chlorideae could parasitize the cotton bollworm, beet armyworm and tobacco caterpillar, but preferred the cotton bollworm larvae. C. chlorideae could parasitized 1st‐ 3rd instar larvae of the tobacco caterpillar, but seldom parasitzed 4th ‐ 6th instar larvae. Moreover, C. chlorideae preferred second instar larvae. Theoretical models for developmental speed, adult longevity and the influence of temperature were proposed. The overwintering of C. chlorideae Uchida was also discussed. Moreover, methods for utilization of C. chlorideae Uchida in crop protection were presented and the bionomics of Curyoletis chlorideae in both the Yangtze River Valley and Yellow River Valley were compared.     

EFFECTS OF GOSSYPOL ON GROWTH OF THE COTTON BOLLWORM AND DEVELOPMENT OF ITS PARASITOID CAMPOLETIS CHLORIDEAE*

Abstract The effects of gossypol, an important allelochemical in cotton, on growth of the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and development of its endoparasitoid Campoletis chlorideae (Uchida) in Huanghe River Valley were studied. Growth of H. armigera larvae was accelerated by adding 0.1% gossypol in the artificial diet, causing 10.75% reduction of the vulnerable period to C. chlorideae while the suppression activity of 0. 5 % gossypol to H. armigera larvae prolonged the vulnerable period by 28.15%. Negative effects of gossypol on the development of the parasitoid were demonstrated by using the artificial diet and cotton varieties WD-151 (glandless) and HG-BR-8 (glanded). Gossypol at 0.1% concentration in artificial diet did not remarkably increase the body weight of adult wasp, but significantly extended the egg-larval time and shortened the pupal time; 0. 5% gossypol and HG-BR-8 remarkably reduced the body weight of adult wasp, also significantly prolonged the egg-larval period and decreased the pupal period. Finally, the coordinate application of high gossypol resistant cotton varieties and C. chlorideae in H. armigera control is discussed.     

室内测定增效剂940对棉铃虫的增效作用

本以山东聊城,江苏徐州、泗阳和南京地区的棉铃虫为试虫,采用点滴法、浸溃法和喷雾法,于室内测定了增效剂940对拟除虫菊酯类的溴菊酯、氰戊菊酯、功夫菊酯和氯氰菊酯,有机磷类的久效磷、毒死蜱、辛硫磷、棉安磷,有机氯类的硫丹,复配剂辛灭(辛硫磷、灭多戚)乳油、灭杀毙(马拉硫磷、氰戊菊酯)、辛磷(辛硫磷、磷胺)乳油、功久(功夫菊酯、久效磷)乳油和甲辛(甲基对硫磷、辛硫磷)乳油的增效作用。结果表明：(1)940对上述药剂均有显或极显的增效作用,其增效谱很广;(2)940对上述四地区的棉铃虫均有显增效作用,其对抗性和敏感性棉铃虫同样有效;(3)940对棉铃虫3龄、4龄、5龄和6龄幼虫同样有增效;(4)无论在有机相中还是在水相中,940的增效性能均十分稳定;(5)以上性质表明了增效剂940在棉铃治理中具有巨大的潜能。     

棉铃虫幼虫中肠类胰蛋白酶基因的克隆及在大肠杆菌中的表达

根据昆虫类胰蛋白酶序列的保守性设计了一对引物,以棉铃虫（Helicoverpa armigera)幼虫中肠总RNA反转录出cDNA第一链作为模板,利用RT－PCR,分离出了一种棉铃虫类胰蛋白酶（HaT)基因的cDNA序列。分析表明该cDNA序列的开放阅读框为696bp,编码一个由231个氨基酸残基组成的多肽,推测的氨基酸序列具有His57,Asp102,Ser192组成的电荷中继网,决定胰蛋白酶底物专一性的Asp189,底物结合部位的Gly216和Gly226残基,及其它胰蛋白酶结构上的保守区域。氨基酸序列同源性比较表明：HaT同其它鳞翅目昆虫类胰蛋白酶有较高的同源性,同源性在44％－79％之间。为研究棉铃虫类胰蛋白酶基因（hat)编码产物的活性,将其插入原核表达载体pGEX4T-3和pET23b中,并在大肠杆菌中进行了诱导表达,结果表明,GST－HaT融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中进行了特异表达,非融合形式的表达产物HaT具有胰蛋白酶催化活性。     

BIONOMICS OF MICROPLITIS MEDIATOR (HYM: BRACONIDAE) PARASITIZING PSEUDALETIA SEPARATA (LEP: NOCTUIDAE)*

Abstract This paper deals with the bionomics of Microplitis mediator parasitizing Pseudaletia separata. There were some stings (ca. 3. 1%) in which female wasps oviposited more than one eggs and about 4. 6% stings that there was no egg laid into a host. A negative correlation existed between the host age and percentage of parasitization. When the host suffered more stings by the parasitoid wasps, the percentage of parasitization was higher. But there was no correlation between the parasitoid sex ratio and the host age or the frequency of stings by the parasitoids. The host age is not the major factor affecting the offspring sex ratio of the parasitoid. Some putative sex determinant factors in the parasitoid are discussed and the 2nd instar of the host is recommended as a suitable host age in which parasitization could be performed for the purpose of the parasitoid mass culture.     

A NO‐CHOICE WIND TUNNEL OLFACTOMETER SYSTEM FOR EVALUATING THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF PLANT VOLATILES TO ADULT HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA (HÜBNER) (LEPIDOPTERA:NOCTUIDAE) *

Abstract A bioassay system to evaluate adult cotton bollworm (CBW), Helicoverpa armigera, behavioral responses to plant volatiles was described. The system was comprised of a no‐choice olfactometer, a wind tunnel, and a wind tunnel room. The olfactometer was designed to provide for the testing and evaluation of volatiles from a variety of natural and synthetic sources. The behavioral responses in this system demonstrated that the volatiles of wilted leaves of Pterocarya stenoptera, Toona sinensis and Populus canadensis, the main materials of which poplar bundles were made, only could attract virgin females but not mated females and males. The volatiles emitted from fresh carrot and celery flowers did not exhibit significant attractiveness to both sexes of CBW. 0.1% phenylacetaldehyde showed significant attraction for virgin females and males. The biological significance of attraction of volatiles from these plants for CBW was discussed.