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三棱栎的花粉形态及其分类位置 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文就壳斗科三棱栎属Trigonobalanus Forman在我国的新分布——三棱栎T.doicha-ngensis 的花粉作了光学显微镜、扫描电镜及透射电镜观察。从花粉的形状、萌发孔类型及外壁结构看,三棱栎与本科其余各属均不同,在壳斗科中确属一个独特类型。 相似文献
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从系统学分类学的角度出发 ,对国产栎属 31个种的花粉进行了光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察。研究结果表明栎属的花粉萌发孔对该属的系统与分类无太大的参考价值 ;但栎属的花粉纹饰有颗粒状、聚颗粒状两种主要类型 ,具有重要的系统学分类学价值。花粉形态的研究结果支持将栎属植物划分为常绿类与落叶类的观点 ;栎属巴东栎组植物的花粉纹饰在种间存在分化 ,花粉形态的研究结果支持将巴东栎组至少划分为两个不同类群的观点 ;在佐以其他证据的情况下 ,栎属植物的花粉纹饰还具有重要的分类学价值 相似文献
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三棱栎(Trigonobalanusdoichangensis)是三棱栎属中唯一分布到中国的种类,而且问世较晚,1981年才由徐永椿教授等人在云南澜沧发现其在中国的踪迹。1984年,鉴于其分布范围狭窄,在系统演化研究上有一定的科学意义及经济价值较高等原因,即被国务院环境保护委员会列为国家二级保护植物。1999年8月,在国务院批准公布的《国家重点保护野生植物名录(第一批)》中,三棱栎亦榜上有名,保护级别为二级。在壳斗科中,三棱栎属建立较晚,是1962年才由福曼(Forman)在栎属中分出的一个小属,只有三个种:分布于我国云南南部… 相似文献
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本文应用光学显微镜与扫描电子显微镜观察了壳斗科所属栎亚科2属26种2变种的花粉形态,并以本科其它属一些代表种作对比,试图从孢粉学方面为栎亚科的系统分类提供依据。 花粉外壁纹饰在扫描电镜下可分三种类型,即水青冈型(含水青冈属),栎型(含栎属和三棱栎属),栗型(含栗属、锥属和柯属),花粉的类型与植物形态分类的三个亚科一致。 栎亚科的花粉外壁纹饰在扫描电镜下为颗粒聚集成的种种形状。栎属可区分为四种类型,即颗粒状、颗粒——蠕虫状、聚颗粒及芽孢状,其中类型一、二、三为常绿种类,类型四为落叶种类。花粉纹饰在常绿与落叶种类之间有较明显的差异,而青冈亚属和栎亚属之间却没有界线。因此,栎属仍以包含两个亚属为宜。三棱栎属花粉纹饰则介于栎属的类型二与三之间。 相似文献
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于云南西双版纳发现了壳斗科植物的原始类群——轮叶三棱栎(Trigonobalanus verticillata Forman)。轮叶三棱栎被认为是栎属(Quercus L.)和水青冈属(Fagus L.)植物的祖先之一,原纪录分布于印度尼西亚和马来西亚,后来在我国海南岛被发现,其分布格局的形成一直未能合理解释。本次在云南新发现轮叶三棱栎,不仅可以解释它在海南岛的分布,也为海南岛历史上可能曾经连接着越南北部和广西西南部的假设提供了科学支持,具有重要的科研价值和生物地理学意义。 相似文献
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从系统学分类学的角度出发,对国产栎属31个种的花粉进行了光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察。研究结果表明栎属的花粉萌发孔对该属的系统与分类无太大的参考价值;但栎属的花粉纹饰有颗粒状,聚粒状两种主要类型,具有重要的系统学分类学价值。花粉形态的研究结果支持将栎属植物划分为常绿类与落叶类的观点,栎属巴东栎组植物的花粉纹饰在种间存在分化,花粉形态的研究结果支持将巴东栎组至少划分为两个不同类群的观点;在佐以其他证据的情况下,栎属植物的花粉纹饰还具有重要的分类学价值。 相似文献
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本研究在光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜下观察了我国产栗属(Castanea Mill.)和三棱栎属(Trigonobalanus Forman)木材的解剖学特征。结果表明,在栗属中,木材为环孔材。锥栗(C.henryi Rehd.et Wils.)和板栗(C.mollissima B1.)早材比例小,晚材比例大:而茅栗(C.seguinii Dode)则相反。在三棱栎(Trigonobalanus doichangensis(A.Cam us)Forman)中,木材管孔沿径向溪流状排列,为辐射孔材。在栗属中,木材的导管分子多为单穿孔。在晚材导管分子中,偶见梯状穿孔板。而在三棱栎中,未见梯状穿孔板。此外,在两属木材中,尚存在某些其它的差异。 相似文献
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报道了中国栎属 ( Quercus L inn.) 9种植物的核型。结果如下 :帽斗栎 ( Q.guyavaelofia) :2 n=2 4 =2 2 m+2 sm,属于“1A”类型 ;富宁栎 ( Q.setulosa) :2 n=2 4 =2 0 m+4sm,属于“2 A”类型 ;炭栎 ( Q.utilis) :2 n=2 4 =2 4 m,属于“2 A”类型 ;乌冈栎 ( Q.phillyraeoides) :2 n=2 4 =2 0 m+4sm,属于“2 B”类型 ;匙叶栎 ( Q.dolicholepis) :2 n=2 4 =2 0 m+4sm,属于“2 B”类型 ;岩栎( Q.acrodonta) :2 n=2 4 =2 2 m+2 sm,属于“2 B”类型 ;麻栗坡栎 ( Q.marlipoensis) :2 n=2 4 =2 4 m,属于“1B”类型 ;锥连栎 ( Q.franchetii) :2 n=2 4 =2 2 m +2 sm ,属于“1B”类型 ;麻栎 ( Q.acutissima) :2 n=2 4 =2 0 m+4sm,属于“2 B”类型 .其中除麻栎外 ,另 8种的核型系首次报道。研究结果表明 ,上述核型在种间较相似 ,但以组为单位进行比较时 ,则有一定的价值 ,有可能为揭示栎属的系统演化提供新的证据。 相似文献
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The present paper describes the pollen morphology of Trigonobalanus doichangensis (A. Camus) Forman of Fagaceae. Comparative study on pollen grains was carried out by means of light microscope, scanning and transmission electron microscope. The pollen grains of T. doichangensis are subspheroidal or suboblate but in polar view they are subtriangular, and in equatorial view they are subcircular they are 27.3, 23.1-29.4)×27.3(25.2-29.4) μm in size and 3-colporate goniotreme. The exine is 2-layered, 2.4-4.2μm, thick in apocolpia. The sexine cosists of tectum, bacules and endonexine under TEM. On the basis of pollen shape, type of aperture and exine structure the pollen grains of T.doichangensis are distinguishable, from those of other genera in Fagaceae and it may belong toa new type of Fagaceae. 相似文献
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The present paper deals with the pollen morphology of 103 species belonging to sixgenera-Castanea, Castanopsis, Lithocarpus, Quercus, Fagus and Trigonobalanus in threesubfamilies-Castaneoideae, Quercoideae and Fagoideae. All pollen grains were examinedunder light microscope and scanning electron microscope, and those of some species were ex-amined under transmission electron microscope. The results may be summarised as follows:1. Pollen morphology of Fagaceae, seems to support division of the family into threesubfamilies. Fagoideae, Castaneoideae and Quercoideae.2. Four types of pollen grains are recognized in Fagaceae:1) Fagus-type (representative genus: Fagus): pollen granis are oblate-sphaeroidal,(31.5-39.9) x (35.7 46.2) μm in size, 3(-4)-colporate, peritreme or goniotreme, granulate-ornate under LM., granulate or verrucate under SEM.2) Trigonobalanus-type (T. doichangensis): pollen grains are suboblate-sphaeroidal,(23.1-29.4) ×(25.2-29.4) μm in size, 3-colporate, goniotreme, obscurely granulate-ornateunder LM, densely granulate or verrucate under SEM.3) Quercus-type (Quercus): pollen grains are subspheroidal-subprolate, (21-44.3)× (16.8-39.9) μm in size. 3-colporoidate (-3-colpate), peritreme, crassgranulate or finely-gra-nulate under LM, tuberculate verrucate or spinate under SEM.4) Castanea-type (including Castanea, Castanopsis, Lithocarpus): Pollen grains areprolate-supraprolate, (14.7-23.1)×(10.5-16.8)μm in size; 3-colporate, peritreme, obscu-rely ornate or subpsilate, under LM, rugulose, striate-rugulate or crass-striate under SEM.3. Pollen grains of Cyclobalanopsis age very similar to those of Quercus, and there-fore we support the treatment of Cyclobalanopsis as a subgenus of Quercus.4. On the basis of shape, type of aperture and exine structure, pollen of Trigonobalanusis distinguishable from those of the other genera in Fagaceae and it may be a new type of Fagaceae;5. On the basis of pollen morphology, morphological characters and geological stratification a scheme of phylogeny of Fagaceae is here presented. 相似文献
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采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及透射电镜,对分布于南美洲、澳大利亚、新西兰、新喀里多尼亚岛和新几内亚岛的南水青冈属Nothofagus26种2变种,包括33份花粉材料,进行了观察测定及超微结构分析研究。通过对花粉的形状、大小、萌发孔特征的比较分析,得出以下结果:南水青冈属花粉粒为扁球形至超扁球形;萌发孔具5~8短沟,稀为4沟或9沟,沟缘普遍加厚;表面具不同形状、大小和疏密的刺状纹饰,花粉外壁超微结构与壳斗科(狭义)其它属迥然不同。研究结果表明,该类群的花粉在形状、大小、沟的数目和沟缘加厚等特征上亦具较大差异,据此可划分为3种类型,即N .brassii型,N.menziesii型和N.fusca型。 相似文献
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The present paper describes the pollen morphology of 26 species and 2 varieties in Nothofagus from Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, New Guinea and South America. Pollen grains were all examined with light microscope (LM), scanning electron microscope ( SEM ) and transmission electron microscope(TEM). A comparative analysis of pollen exine ultrastructure was made for some species. The results are summarised as follows: Pollen grains are oblate to peroblate, 5~8-short-colpate, rarely 4- or 9-colpate; colpi generally thickened at margins; pollen surface spinulose. The exine ultrastructure of Nothofagus differs considerably from that of the other genera in the Fagaceae. The pollen grains of the species examined here show great differences in shape, size, colpal number and characteristics of colpi at margins and could be divided into three distinct types, i.e. N. brassii type; N. menziesii type and N. fusca type. 相似文献
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南水青冈属及壳斗科其他属花粉壁超微结构比较研究 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
对主要分布于南美和新西兰的南水青冈属Nothofagus 花粉外壁的超微结构进行了观察和研究,同时与壳斗科其他属花粉外壁的结构进行比较,结果表明,南水青冈属花粉外壁的厚度、结构、萌发孔类型以及花粉外壁表面的纹饰与壳斗科其他属花粉外壁的超微结构存在明显差别。主要表现为:南水青冈属花粉外壁的柱状层和内层发育差,为颗粒状;基层和覆盖层无分化结构;覆盖层上为刺状纹饰;萌发孔为5~8沟。壳斗科其他属花粉外壁的小柱发育好,形成明显的柱状层;覆盖层和基层常具一定的结构;花粉表面较光滑,或为波状、颗粒或瘤状纹饰;内层发育较好;多数花粉具3孔沟,少数为3沟或3拟孔沟。本研究认为南水青冈属花粉外壁的结构属于较原始类型,支持kuprianova等将南水青冈属独立为南壳斗科。 相似文献
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The genus Nothofagus is mainly distributed in South America and New Zealand.The present paper describes its pollen exine ultrastructure and compares the exine ultrastructure with that of the other genera of Fagaceae. The pollen grains were examined using ultrathin sectioning technique under transmission electron microscope. The study shows that thepollen exine ultrastructure of Nothofagus differs from that of the other genera of Fagaceae byits exine structure and thickness, type of aperture, and ornamentation. The pollen exine ofNothofagus is thin and possesses granular bacules, regular foot layer and tectum, spinulateornamentation, and the endexine is usually visible at poral area, and 5~8 colpate. The pollenexine of the other genera of Fagaceae possesses entire bacules, irregular foot layer and tectum, granulate and tuberculate ornamentation, thicker endexine, and is 3-colporate ( 3-colpateor 3-colporoidate). The pollen exine ultrastructure of Nothofagus may belong to primitivetype. The pollen exine ultrastructure data support Kuprianova’s opinion that Nothofagusshould be separated from Fagaceae and established as a monogenetic family, i.e. Nothofa-gaceae. 相似文献
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R. MELVILLE F.L.S. 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1982,85(2):75-88
The suggestion that Trigonobalanus excelsa reached Colombia by migration from south-east Asia via the Bering land-bridge is criticized. The distribution of Trigonobalanus can be more simply explained by the disruption and drift of the former Pacific continent and the peninsula of West Gondwanaland. All but the New Guinea species of Nothofagus remain on the drifted fragments of the Gondwana peninsula, the original home of the family. Drift accounts for the present disjunct distribution of related Nothofagus species in the Southern hemisphere, but topoclines in characters of the fructifications and of the leaves linking New Zealand, New Caledonia and New Guinea indicate the overland migration route into the Pacific continent. Diversification of the family occurred in Pacifica before that continent was disrupted in the late Jurassic. With the formation of Eurasia, a topocline in leaf characters developed in Fagus along the migration route from China to Western Europe. Absence of topoclines involving the Bering land-bridge indicate that this bridge played no significant part in the dispersal of the Fagaceae. Shedding of the fruits of Glossopteris before the development of an embryo draws attention to the primitive character of delay in fertilization found in Nothofagus. 相似文献
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