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1.
濒危植物矮牡丹的生态位研究   总被引:26,自引:2,他引:24       下载免费PDF全文
矮牡丹 (PaenoniasuffruticosaAndr .var .spontaneaRehd .)属毛茛科 (Ranunculaceae)芍药属植物[1] ,为我国特有种 ,仅分布于山西稷山马家沟、永济水峪口 ,陕西延安万花山、华阴二仙桥等地 ,其花具有一定的观赏价值 ,根作“丹皮”入药 ,既是宝贵的花卉种质资源 ,又是优良的药材资源 ;且为栽培牡丹的原始种之一[2 ] 。由于自然植被的破坏和 2 0世纪 60年代的大量采掘 ,致使矮牡丹分布范围日益缩小。目前已被列为国家三级保护植物。生态位的概念自Grinell的“生物在栖息地所占…  相似文献   

2.
牡丹品种朱砂垒(Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.cv.Zhushalei)在冬季室内催花过程7种内源激素含量变化不同。玉米素核苷(Z+AR)、生长素(IAA)和赤霉素(GA3)的含量在花生长发 处于较高水平;而脱落酸(AB)、异戊烯基腺苷(IP+IPA)、二氢玉米素核苷(DHZ+DHZR)、赤霉素(GA4)的含量低于上述3种内源激素。激素平衡方面,GAs/ABA、CTKs/AB  相似文献   

3.
Untilnow,allmachiningmethodsusedarephysicalorchemicalorphysicochemical.Thetechnologysystemofnaturalsciencecanbeclassifiedintothefollowingthreesubsidiarysystems:physics,chemistryandbiology.Thereforeabiologicalmachiningtechnologywillbeabrandnewbranchinma…  相似文献   

4.
Breeding technology of alloplasmic wheat   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
Thenucleiofcultivatedwheatcouldbetransferredintocytoplasmofheterogenicspeciesorgeneraviasubstitutionbackcrossandothertechniques,thusTriticinaeexhibitswidegeneticdiversityofcytoplasm.Thisdiversityhadboththeoreticandbreedingvalueandcouldbeusedinalloplas…  相似文献   

5.
Apoptosisorprogrammedcelldeath(PCD)isaprocessofcelldeletionwhichoccursinresponsetoanumberofcytotoxicandphysiologicallyrelevantstimuli.Thisprocessischaracterizedbyseveralearlymorphologicalterationsincludingplasmaandnuclearmembraneblebbing.Endogenousendo…  相似文献   

6.
Receptor,theprimarysiteofcellperceivingexternalsignals,controlsthecommunicationbetweencellsandenvironment[1].Acetylcholineisanimportantneurotransmitterinvolvedinthetransmissionofsignalsatjunctionsbetweennervesandbetweennerveandmuscle.Theactionofacetylch…  相似文献   

7.
Proteincrystalgrowthhasbeenofgreatimportanceinexploitationofstructuresofbiologicalmacromolecules.Themicrogravityenvironmentinspaceisanidealplacetostudythecomplicatedproteincrystallizationprocessandtogrowgoodqualityproteincrystals.Sincethe1980s,noticeabl…  相似文献   

8.
Apoptosisorprogrammedcelldeathhasrecentlybeenrecognizedasamodeofcelldeaththatcanbeactivatedinmanysystemsbyavarietyofchemicalandphysicalstimuli.Observationfromseverallaboratoriesindicatedthatmanyanticanceragentscaninduceapoptosisindifferenttypesofcell[…  相似文献   

9.
Itwasrecentlyevidencedthatmetabolicdisturbancesoffolicacidarecloselyrelatedtocardiovasculardiseasesandbirthdefects.5,10MTHFRisanimportantenzymeinthefolicacidmetabolicsystem.DecreaseinMTHFRactivitymayinducetheappearanceofhyperhomocysteinemia,whichmaycaus…  相似文献   

10.
ActaBotanicaSinicaistheofficialpublicationofBotanicalSocietyofChina .Foundedin 1952 ,ithasbecomeamonthlyjournal .Itpublishesoriginalpapers ,shortcommunicationsandreviewsonallaspectsofplantsciences .Thescopeofthisjournalextendsfrommodernplantsciencetoclassic…  相似文献   

11.
The taxonomical concept of the Paeonia suffruticosa complex i.e. Sect. Moutan Subsect. Vaginatae, has changed greatly since 1990. Six species and four subspecies have been described as new and two subspecies raised to specific level. Five species and two subspecies are recognized in the present revision, viz. P. suffruticosa subsp. suffruticosa and subsp. yinpingmudan, P. jishanensis, P. qiui, P. ostii, P. rockii subsp. rockii and subsp. taibaishanica. P. yananensis, P. ridleyi, P. spontanea, P. moutan subsp. atava, P. suffruticosa subsp. atava, P. rockii subsp. linyanshanii and P. ostii var. lishizhenii are treated as synonyms. P. papaveracea and P. baokangensis are proposed to be interspecific hybrids. A key to the recognized species and subspecies is provided. Biological features of the species are described and their distributions are mapped. The relationships between species are inferred and the origins of commonly cultivated tree peonies ( P. suffruticosa and P. ostii ) are discussed.  相似文献   

12.
矮牡丹与紫斑牡丹RAPD分析初报   总被引:55,自引:0,他引:55       下载免费PDF全文
用10个任意序列的寡核苷酸片段作为引物,将采自陕西、山西、甘肃等地矮牡丹与紫斑牡丹基因组DNA,在毛细管气浴式PCR热循环仪上随机扩增。在对所有引物扩增条件严格标准化的条件下,这些引物可产生清楚的、可重复的与扩增产物相应的琼脂糖凝胶电泳区带。这10个有效扩增的引物在矮牡丹平均每一个体中扩增出71条带,其中多态的带16条(22.5%),在紫斑牡丹平均每一个体中扩增出76条带,其中多态的带2l条(27.6%)。对每两个个体,每条多态带进行成对比较,累加后求分子标记差异的平均值。在矮牡丹3个居群间的平均差异是7.9,在紫斑牡丹4个居群间的平均差异是8.7,在矮牡丹与紫斑牡丹2个种间的平均差异是10.3。显然,若用来扩增的植物个体数目和引物数目增加,将会得到更满意的结果。初步结果表明濒危植物矮牡丹与紫斑牡丹种内低水平的DNA多态性。RAPD技术用于检测野生牡丹居群内与居群间的遗传变异是有用的与可行的;用于研究种间的进化和亲缘关系也有潜力。  相似文献   

13.
The endangered wild tree peony. Paeania jishanensis T. Hong & W. Z. Zhao (formerly P. suffruticosa Andr. ssp. spontanea (Rehd.) S.G. Haw & L. A. Lauener) is one of the most important ancestral stocks of cultivated tree peony, P. suffruticosa Andr. Study of the natural population atjishan, Shanxi Province revealed that the seed set was very low (2.1 seeds per carpel). The low seed set should not be attributed to viable pollen limitation because the plant produces a great quantity of pollen and 36–75% of pollen is TTC-tested viable. Stigmas became receptive almost one day after the flower opened, and receptivity lasted for several days. All the stigmas were sufficiently pollinated, and pollen germinated readily on the wet crest of stigmas irrespective of whether cross pollen or self pollen was used. Hand-pollination showed that this plant was self-incompatible. No seed was harvested after self-pollination, while cross-pollination yielded 2.4 seeds per carpel. Many pollen tubes were recorded in the stigma but extremely few in the ovary chamber. This phenomenon indicated diat the self-incompatible system was activated when pollen tubes reached the ovary wall.  相似文献   

14.
芍药属牡丹组分类新注   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
自我们近年发表一系列牡丹组分类文章以来, 国内外基本上赞同我们8个种的分类系统,但对一些问题仍有不同见解。本文进一步申述牡丹Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews 是一个独立的种而不是人工杂种, 以及银屏牡丹P. suffruticosa ssp. yinpingmudan是牡丹P. suffruticosa的野生类型而不是逸生的P. ostii的理由。上述论点也得到了分子树的支持。P. jishanensis T. Hong &; W. Z. Zhao是一个合法名称, 而P. spontanea (Rehder) T. Hong &; W. Z. Zhao则确实是一个多余名。太白山紫斑牡丹的学名应是P. rockii ssp. atava (Brühl) D. Y. Hong &; K. Y. Pan, 因此P. moutan Sims ssp. atava Brühl不应是可疑的分类群。本文还对Halda的6个组合和两个杂交种名作了处理。结果, 本文包括了5个新异名和一个新组合。  相似文献   

15.
芍药属牡丹组基于形态学证据的系统发育关系分析   总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1  
对芍药属牡丹组Paeonia L.sect.Moutan DC.(全部野生种)40个居群进行了基于形态学证据的系统学分析,试图建立组内种间的系统发育关系。利用PAUP (4.0)计算机程序分别构建了建立在25个形态学性状基础上的所有研究类群的距离树(UPGMA、NJ)和最大简约树(MP)。所得树的拓扑结构基本一致,差异只发生在距离树和简约树之间,在由形态和细胞学关系都很近的5个种(牡丹P.suffruticosa、矮牡丹P.jishanensis、卵叶牡丹P.qiui、紫斑牡丹P.rockii和凤丹P.o  相似文献   

16.
基于多基因序列和形态性状的牡丹组种间关系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
牡丹被认为是中国的国花,具有很高的医学、观赏和经济价值.野生牡丹被认为是栽培牡丹的野生祖先,因此弄清牡丹组的种间亲缘关系具有重要的理论和实践意义.由于受到信息量的限制,根据单基凼数据或形态数据往往无法对牡丹组的种间关系得到明确的结果.本研究用12份样品代表野生牡丹组(Paeonia section Moutan DC.,Paeoniaceae)8个种,利用包括核基因(Adh1A、Adh2和GPAT)和叶绿体基因(trnS-trnG和rps16-trnQ)的DNA序列以及形态性状的多套数据来探讨野牛牡丹的种间关系.合并分析得到具高支持率的牡丹组物种间的系统发育关系.结果表明,芍药属牡丹组8个野生种分为两个亚组,即肉质花盘亚组subseet.Delavayanae和革质花盘亚组subsect.Vaginatae.肉质花盘亚组包括滇牡丹P delavayi和大花黄牡丹P.ludlowii;革质花盘亚组包括其余6个种.革质花盘亚组中,四川牡丹P.decomposita ssp.decomposita和紫斑牡丹P. rockii ssp. rockii关系密切;卵叶牡丹P.qiui和矮牡丹P. jishanenMs关系密切;银屏牡丹P. suffruticosa ssp.yinpingmudan与风丹P. ostii关系 密切,并且后两个分支为姊妹群.  相似文献   

17.
牡丹一新种——中原牡丹,及银屏牡丹的订正   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
分子证据和新增加的形态证据显示,银屏牡丹Paeonia suffruticosa ssp.yinpingmudan作为新亚种发表时所依据的两份标本实为两个实体,产自安徽巢湖的(潘开玉和谢中稳9701,模式)实为凤丹户P.ostii的成员,而产自河南嵩县的(洪德元等H97010)实为一个新分类群。本文把P.suffruticosa ssp.yinpingmudan处理为P.ostii的异名,并依据河南的标本描述了一个新种——中原牡丹P.cathayana D.Y Hong&K.Y.Pan。中原牡丹与风丹和矮牡丹P.jishanensis近缘,区别在于前者下部叶有ll-15片小叶,花白色:后者小叶背面有毛,裂片多,萼片顶端圆钝,花白色。  相似文献   

18.
Andigena potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. andigena Hawkes) (2n = 4x = 48) are important, native-farmer-selected cultivars in the Andes, which form a primary gene pool for improving a worldwide grown potato (S. tuberosum subsp. tuberosum). To elucidate the origin of Andigena, 196 Andigena accessions were compared with 301 accessions of 33 closely related cultivated and wild species using several types of chloroplast DNA (ctDNA) markers and nuclear DNA (nDNA) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. Fourteen ctDNA types (haplotypes) and 115 RFLP bands were detected in Andigena, of which the main haplotypes and frequent RFLP bands were mostly shared with a cultivated diploid species, S. stenotomum Juz. et Buk. Principal component analysis of nDNA polymorphisms revealed a progressive and continuous variation from Peruvian wild species with C-type ctDNA to a group of wild species having S-type ctDNA in its variation range (S. bukasovii, S. canasense, S. candolleanum, and S. multidissectum), to cultivated diploid potatoes (S. phureja and S. stenotomum), and to cultivated tetraploid potatoes (Andigena and Chilean S. tuberosum subsp. tuberosum). These results suggest that the initial Andigena population arose with multiple origins exclusively from S. stenotomum. The overall evolutionary process toward the present-day Andigena was discussed.  相似文献   

19.
On the basis of botanical and ecological characters, pearl millet species have been separated into three subspecies:Pennisetum americanum subsp. americanum, cultivated form,P. americanum subsp. monodii, wild form andP. americanum subsp. stenostachyum, weedy form. It has been shown, by enzyme electrophoresis, that these three forms could be discriminated between by their respective enzyme composition even in agricultural areas where they co-exist. Morphological and enzyme analyses of two seed samples collected from monodii plants growing in an agricultural area has shown that the monodii form is not isolated from cultivated plants in its reproduction. The proportion of seeds descending from a cultivated pollen is estimated respectively at 31% and 19%. However, Brunken's typology is corroborated: both samples comprise the two distinct groups of monodii and stenostachyum. This dichotomy is due to the pollen population structure having generated the analysed seeds. Detailedin situ observations on sympatric wild and cultivated populations are essential to explain the absence of recombinant monodii × cultivated pollens and the preservation of monodii millets in spite of their invasion by cultivated pollens.  相似文献   

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