芦荟汁对白菜发酵过程中亚硝酸盐及总酸含量的影响

本试验探讨了大白菜在无盐及有盐腌制发酵过程中,添加不同浓度的芦荟汁对亚硝酸盐含量变化的影响。结果发现,芦荟汁对无盐及有盐腌制发酵过程中NO2的形成有明显的抑制作用,添加物的浓度增大,抑制的效果增强。同时添加芦荟和Vc对抑制亚硝酸盐的生成有协同增效作用。通过测定发酵过程中总酸的变化,发现添加一定量的芦荟汁利于发酵作用的进行。     

甘肃浆水传统发酵过程中亚硝酸盐含量动态变化分析

以甘肃浆水传统酿造工艺为依托,分析了浆水中亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、硝酸还原酶、p H、还原糖和总酸等理化指标的动态变化,以及乳酸菌菌群的变化规律,并探讨了乳酸菌对亚硝酸盐的降解作用。结果表明:该浆水产品发酵72 h后亚硝酸盐含量为2.76 mg/kg,低于国家标准(GB 2714-2003)规定的亚硝酸盐要求;明确了浆水发酵过程中还原糖、p H、总酸及乳酸菌总数的变化规律;证明了乳酸菌在浆水发酵过程中可以降低亚硝酸盐的含量。     

清香型白酒中乳酸菌和酵母菌的相互作用

【目的】探究清香型白酒中不同乳酸菌和酵母菌的相互作用,了解不同菌株的发酵性能,为更深入地认识白酒发酵机理、实现发酵过程优化提供理论基础。【方法】利用程序控温和固态发酵模拟清香型白酒酿造环境,测定纯培养和共培养中菌株的理化指标、活菌数以及主要代谢产物的变化。【结果】Saccharomyces cerevisiae YJ1糖消耗快产乙醇和酯类物质多,Lactobacillus plantarum JMRS4糖消耗快产酸较多。共培养中乳酸菌对Saccharomyces cerevisiae YJ1的生长和产乙醇抑制较大,对Candida aaseri MJ7产乙醇几乎无影响。乳酸菌对Pichia kudriavzevii MJ14的生物量和乙醇代谢抑制作用较小,还对其产己酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯和异戊醇等代谢产物有促进作用;而反过来Pichia kudriavzevii MJ14对3株乳酸菌产乳酸均有抑制作用,对产乙酸则有促进作用。【结论】建立了一种固态培养方法,结合清香型白酒发酵温度变化规律,有效模拟了实际发酵环境。Pichia kudriavzevii MJ14在与乳酸菌共培养中受到的抑制较小并能有效抑制乳酸菌产乳酸,Saccharomyces cerevisiae YJ1能代谢产生多种风味物质,对清香型白酒酿造有重要意义。     

短乳杆菌与植物乳杆菌的发酵特性

【背景】目前对于酸菜发酵的研究主要关注点是植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum),有关短乳杆菌(Lactobacillus brevis)在酸菜方面的研究报道很少。【目的】为了挖掘短乳杆菌的发酵性能并开发酸菜发酵剂,将2株短乳杆菌分别与1株植物乳杆菌进行组合并发酵酸菜,分析短乳杆菌对酸菜发酵品质的影响。【方法】分别测定短乳杆菌与植物乳杆菌的单菌株生长产酸性能、耐酸性及亚硝酸盐降解力,并将两菌种组合后发酵酸菜,分析1-7d内酸度、乳酸菌活菌数、亚硝酸盐含量及酸菜质构特性的变化趋势。【结果】相较于短乳杆菌Lb-9-2,短乳杆菌Lb-5-3的生长和产酸速率较慢、酸耐受力较弱,但其亚硝酸盐降解力较强。两株短乳杆菌分别与植物乳杆菌Lp-9-1组合后产酸力显著增强,并在3 d时达到最低pH值(约3.10);植物乳杆菌Lp-9-1的添加使酸菜中总体乳酸菌生长延迟,在5 d时达到最高活菌数;组合菌种的样品中亚硝酸盐含量在1-7 d内变化较为平缓,前5天内两个组合之间差异不显著;接种乳酸菌会降低酸菜硬度和弹性,发酵3d时Lb-5-3/Lp-9-1组合的硬度最大,感官评价得分最高。【...     

薏苡仁多菌发酵液的菌种优选及其抑制黑色素生成的作用研究

以薏苡仁作为发酵基质,确定利于提高发酵液体外活性的较优乳酸菌种,并分析优势乳酸菌种薏苡仁发酵液对斑马鱼胚体黑色素生成的抑制作用。通过比较分析乳酸乳球菌（Lactococcus lactis）、嗜热链球菌（Streptococcus thermophilus）和保加利亚乳杆菌（Lactobacillus bulgaricus）3种单一乳酸菌和三者复合乳酸菌的薏苡仁发酵液的还原糖、总酚、游离氨基酸、蛋白、总酸和乳酸含量等理化指标及体外羟自由基清除能力和酪氨酸酶活抑制率确定较优发酵菌种,采用高通量测序测定发酵过程中微生物菌群结构;利用斑马鱼模型研究发酵液对黑色素生成的抑制作用。研究结果表明,采用乳酸乳球菌、嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌3种乳酸菌复合发酵比单一乳酸菌发酵更具优势。使用以上菌种复合发酵薏苡仁过程中,乳酸乳球菌和嗜热链球菌为发酵前期优势菌群,发酵中后期则以保加利亚乳杆菌为优势菌群。经复合乳酸菌发酵后,薏苡仁发酵液的羟自由基清除率和酪氨酸酶活抑制率分别提高了20.82%和87.26%;斑马鱼模型实验结果表明,薏苡仁发酵液可以显著减少斑马鱼体表黑色素分布,当使用含量为2.0%时,对黑色素生成抑制率达到59.45%。研究结果为利用薏苡仁多菌发酵液开发为具美白肌肤性能的功能性新原料提供了科学数据支撑,并希望进一步推进薏苡产业的升级。     

减压处理对泡菜乳酸菌及风味物质的影响

以市售苦瓜为原料,研究了减压处理对泡菜自然发酵过程中乳酸菌的数量、总酸、乳酸、多糖及亚硝酸盐含量影响的变化规律。研究表明:减压处理可以促进泡菜发酵过程乳酸菌的增殖及乳酸含量的快速积累,并可以有效地降低泡菜中亚硝酸盐的含量,对泡菜多糖的保留有一定的作用。在0.04MPa(真空度)下,发酵终止时,乳酸菌活菌数仍可达到4.1×10~7个/mL,此时泡菜中的总酸含量为24.79mg/mL,其中乳酸含量为2.33%。     

调控乳酸菌酸胁迫抗性研究进展

作为工业化的细胞工厂,乳酸菌广泛应用于食品、农业和医药等行业。酸胁迫是乳酸菌在发酵生产以及作为益生菌在人体胃肠道系统中广泛存在的一种环境胁迫,严重影响乳酸菌的生理功能。近年来,随着系统生物学和代谢工程等技术的发展,为进一步揭示乳酸菌酸胁迫抗性机制并提高其耐酸性能带来了可能。本文综述了乳酸菌酸胁迫研究进展,介绍了乳酸菌应对酸胁迫的生理机制,并提出了提升乳酸菌酸胁迫抗性的策略。     

乳酸菌混合生长降解亚硝酸盐能力的研究

通过对植物乳杆菌和肠膜明串珠菌混合发酵降解亚硝酸盐能力的研究得出乳酸菌混菌发酵能显著降低发酵液中亚硝酸盐含量的结论.此外,研究还发现菌粉活化12 h后降解效果最佳.该研究为发酵蔬菜用乳酸菌发酵剂的开发及其产品安全性研究提供理论指导.     

食淀粉乳杆菌可促进酵母乙醇产量

正微生物生长在复杂的菌群环境中,人工合成菌群进行蔗糖乙醇发酵就是模拟真实的菌群环境。蔗糖乙醇发酵过程容易被乳酸菌污染,长时间发酵便形成稳定的菌群,一般认为乳酸菌可能与酵母竞争营养物质,其代谢产物对酵母细胞有抑制作用,因此对生产过程不利。     

醋酸杆菌AS1.41的醋酸发酵动力学特性

用分批培养的方法研究了醋酸发酵过程的动力学特性。醋酸杆菌AS 1.41的醋酸发酵过程属“非生长偶联型”,发酵初期菌体迅速增殖,发酵中期为醋酸生成的高峰期。高浓度的底物和产物对菌体生长及其产酸活性有抑制作用。在乙醇浓度2—4g/100ml和醋酸浓度小于3g/100ml范围内,发酵反应效率最佳,最大菌体比生长速率可达0.127h^-1,最大醋酸比生成速率为0.12g醋酸/h·OD。在工业常用的初始底物浓度范围内,底物抑制效应主要表现在对菌体生长的影响上。高浓度醋酸的存在显著抑制该菌的产酸能     

Homofermentative production of optically pure <Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">l</Emphasis>-lactic acid from sucrose and mixed sugars by batch fermentation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Enterococcus faecalis</Emphasis> RKY1

In the present study, lactic acid fermentation was carried out by batch culture of Enterococcus faecalis RKY1 using sucrose and mixed sugars as the major substrate. Maximum lactic acid productivity (5.2 g/L/h) was recorded when 50 and 100 g/L of sucrose were used as a carbon source. Sucrose concentration higher than 150 g/L resulted in the decrease of lactic acid productivity due to inhibition by high substrate concentration, but lactic acid productivity was remained > 3.0 g/L/h until the sucrose used for lactic acid fermentation increased up to 150 g/L. L-Lactic acid content of the total lactic acid produced from sucrose and mixed sugars was higher than 98%. When the fermentation media contained sucrose, the kinetic parameters showing specific rates such as μ, qS, and qP were relatively lower than those of fermentation using glucose as a sole carbon source, which might be due to additional time requirement to induce invertase enzyme for utilization of sucrose. There was no carbon catabolite repression observed when the sugar mixtures containing sucrose, glucose, and/ or fructose were used as a carbon source for lactic acid fermentation by E. faecalis RKY1.     

Antagonism Between Osmophilic Lactic Acid Bacteria and Yeasts in Brine Fermentation of Soy Sauce

Brine fermentation by osmophilic lactic acid bacteria and yeasts for long periods of time is essential to produce a good quality of shoyu (Japanese fermented soy sauce). It is well known that lactic acid fermentation by osmophilic lactic acid bacteria results in the depression of alcoholic fermentation by osmophilic yeasts, but the nature of the interaction between osmophilic lactic acid bacteria and yeasts in brine fermentation of shoyu has not been revealed. The inhibitory effect of osmophilic lactic acid bacteria on the growth of osmophilic yeasts was investigated. It was recognized that osmophilic shoyu yeasts such as Saccharomyces rouxii and Torulopsis versatilis were inhibited by a metabolite produced by osmophilic lactic acid bacteria (belonging to Pediococcus halophilus) in brine fermentation of shoyu. The primary inhibitor was considered to be acetic acid, although lactic acid was slightly inhibitory.     

Characterization of ethanol fermentation waste and its application to lactic acid production by Lactobacillus paracasei

In this study, an ethanol fermentation waste (EFW) was characterized for use as an alternative to yeast extract for bulk fermentation processes. EFW generated from a commercial plant in which ethanol is produced from cassava/rice/wheat/barley starch mixtures using Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used for lactic acid production by Lactobacillus paracasei. The effects of temperature, pH, and duration on the autolysis of an ethanol fermentation broth (EFB) were also investigated. The distilled EFW (DEFW) contained significant amounts of soluble proteins (2.91 g/l), nitrogen (0.47 g/l), and amino acids (24.1 mg/l). The autolysis of the EFB under optimum conditions released twice as much amino acids than in the DEFW. Batch fermentation in the DEFW increased the final lactic acid concentration, overall lactic acid productivity, and lactic acid yield on glucose by 17, 41, and 14 %, respectively, in comparison with those from comparable fermentation in a lactobacillus growth medium (LGM) that contained 2 g/l yeast extract. Furthermore, the overall lactic acid productivity in the autolyzed then distilled EFW (ADEFW) was 80 and 27 % higher than in the LGM and DEFW, respectively.     

电渗析发酵法生产乳酸的研究

在乳酸发酵过程中,所生成的乳酸对进一步发酵有抑制作用。采用电渗析法从发酵液中及时地分离出产物乳酸,使乳酸的生产量提高到86.4g/L,是不控制pH值发酵时的4倍多。结果表明:电渗析法能有效地消除产物乳酸的抑制作用,提高了乳酸生产率,且简化了提取工艺。     

Direct fermentation of potato starch wastewater to lactic acid by Rhizopus oryzae and Rhizopus arrhizus

The biochemical kinetic of direct fermentation for lactic acid production by fungal species of Rhizopus arrhizus 3,6017 and Rhizopus oryzae 2,062 was studied with respect to growth pH, temperature and substrate. The direct fermentation was characterized by starch hydrolysis, accumulation of reducing sugar, and production of lactic acid and fungal biomass. Starch hydrolysis, reducing sugar accumulation, biomass formation and lactic acid production were affected with the variations in pH, temperature, and starch source and concentration. A growth condition with starch concentration approximately 20 g/l at pH 6.0 and 30°C was favourable for both starch saccharification and lactic acid fermentation, resulting in lactic acid yield of 0.87–0.97 g/g starch associated with 1.5–2.0 g/l fungal biomass produced in 36 h fermentation. R. arrhizus 3,6017 had a higher capacity to produce lactic acid, while R. oryzae 2,062 produced more fungal biomass under similar conditions.     

植物纤维的水解与SSF过程的数学模型

采用一种植物纤维木糖渣为原料,对纤维素酶水解及同时糖化和发酵（SSF）过程进行了研究,研究结果表明,在纤维素含量为42g.L^-1,纤维素酶的加入量为280FPIU.L^-1,乳酸菌用量为0．5g.L^-1时,乳酸对纤维素的转化率可达80％,并从反应机理及动力学角度出发,建立了纤维素酸水解与SSF过程的数学模型。     

关于蔬菜腌渍发酵亚硝酸盐问题的探讨

综述多篇文献,探讨分析认为:蔬菜自然发酵过程中“亚硝峰”出现的时间应在环境pH 4.0左右;“亚硝峰”前应有亚硝酸盐大量被酶降解;对各因素影响蔬菜腌渍发酵亚硝酸盐消长的原因进行分析。在此基础上构想了理想的蔬菜腌渍发酵工艺。     

Novel Method of Lactic Acid Production by Electrodialysis Fermentation

In lactic acid fermentation by Lactobacillus delbrueckii, the produced lactic acid affected the lactic acid productivity. Therefore, for the purpose of alleviating this inhibitory effect, an electrodialysis fermentation method which can continuously remove produced lactic acid from the fermentation broth was applied to this fermentation process. As a result, the continuation of fermentation activity was obtained, and the productivity was three times higher than in non-pH-controlled fermentation. In electrodialysis fermentation, the amount of produced lactic acid was 82.2 g/liter, which was about 5.5 times greater than that produced in non-pH-controlled fermentation. It was concluded that these good results were obtained on account of alleviating the lactic acid inhibitory effect by electrodialysis fermentation. However, the fouling of anion-exchange membranes by cells was observed in electrodialysis fermentation.     

Application of metabolically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae to extractive lactic acid fermentation

In this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae OC-2T T165R, metabolically engineered to produce optically pure L(+)-lactic acid, was used to develop a high performance extractive fermentation process. Since the transgenic yeast could produce lactic acid efficiently even at lower than pH 3.5, high extractive efficiency was achieved when tri-n-decylamine (TDA), a tertiary amine, was used as the extractant. Separation of microorganisms by means of a hollow fiber module could not only improve the total amount of lactic acid produced but also increase the lactic acid concentration in the solvent. Moreover, pH had a significant effect on extractive fermentation. The highest rate of recovery of lactic acid could be obtained on pH-uncontrolled fermentation (pH 2.5); however, the lowest amount of lactic acid was produced. Taking into account the trade-off between the fermentation and extraction efficiencies, the optimum pH value was considered to be 3.5, with which the largest amount of lactic acid was produced and the highest lactic acid concentration in the solvent was obtained. The results show promise for the use of the transgenic yeast for extractive fermentation.     

Regulation of Lactobacillus plantarum contamination on the carbohydrate and energy related metabolisms of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during bioethanol fermentation

During the industrial bioethanol fermentation, Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells are often stressed by bacterial contaminants, especially lactic acid bacteria. Generally, lactic acid bacteria contamination can inhibit S. cerevisiae cell growth through secreting lactic acid and competing with yeast cells for micronutrients and living space. However, whether are there still any other influences of lactic acid bacteria on yeast or not? In this study, Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 was co-cultivated with S. cerevisiae S288c to mimic the L. plantarum contamination in industrial bioethanol fermentation. The contaminative L. plantarum-associated expression changes of genes involved in carbohydrate and energy related metabolisms in S. cerevisiae cells were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to evaluate the influence of L. plantarum on carbon source utilization and energy related metabolism in yeast cells during bioethanol fermentation. Contaminative L. plantarum influenced the expression of most of genes which are responsible for encoding key enzymes involved in glucose related metabolisms in S. cerevisiae. Specific for, contaminated L. plantarum inhibited EMP pathway but promoted TCA cycle, glyoxylate cycle, HMP, glycerol synthesis pathway, and redox pathway in S. cerevisiae cells. In the presence of L. plantarum, the carbon flux in S. cerevisiae cells was redistributed from fermentation to respiratory and more reducing power was produced to deal with the excess NADH. Moreover, L. plantarum contamination might confer higher ethanol tolerance to yeast cells through promoting accumulation of glycerol. These results also highlighted our knowledge about relationship between contaminative lactic acid bacteria and S. cerevisiae during bioethanol fermentation.