微生物介导的新城疫病毒疫苗的研制现状

新城疫病毒引起的新城疫是一种禽类急性接触性传染病,采用疫苗防治该病是当前研究的热点领域之一。HN/F蛋白是2种有效的疫苗候选分子,乳酸乳球菌、鼠伤寒沙门菌、单增李斯特菌、根癌农杆菌、鸡痘病毒、牛痘病毒、鸽痘病毒、禽红白血病病毒、禽副粘病毒3型、传染性法氏囊病病毒和传染性气管炎病毒等微生物经过改造后可成为理想的疫苗载体。本文综述了重组乳酸乳球菌(rLL-HN)、重组鼠伤寒沙门菌(rSt-F和rSt-HN)、重组单增李斯特菌(rLm-F)、重组根癌农杆菌(rAt-F)、重组鸡痘病毒(rFPV-HN、rFPV-F-gB和rFPV-F-HN-gB)、重组牛痘病毒(rVV-F)、重组鸽痘病毒(rPPV-F)、重组禽红白血病病毒(rAEV-HN)、重组禽副粘病毒3型(rAPMV-F)、重组传染性法氏囊病病毒(rIBDV-HN)和重组传染性气管炎病毒(rIBV-HN)等疫苗的构建及其免疫机制的研制现状。     

载体介导的布鲁菌外膜蛋白疫苗研制现状

布鲁菌引起的布鲁菌病是严重危害人畜健康的传染性疾病,采用疫苗防治是当前研究的热点领域之一。外膜蛋白(OMP)是一种有效的疫苗候选分子,本文综述了鼠伤寒沙门菌、卡介苗、根癌农杆菌、大肠杆菌、毕赤酵母、禽流感病毒、山羊痘病毒和牛痘病毒等载体介导的布鲁菌OMP疫苗的研制现状。     

微生物介导的疟原虫Pfs25和Pvs25疫苗研制现状

恶性疟原虫和间日疟原虫可分别引起恶性疟和间日疟。采用疫苗防治疟疾是当前研究的热点领域之一。Pfs25和Pvs25抗原是2种疟疾传播阻断期的疫苗候选分子,本文简要综述了根癌农杆菌、酵母菌、腺病毒、牛痘病毒和杆状病毒等微生物介导的疟原虫Pfs25和Pvs25疫苗的研制现状。     

表达乙型脑炎病毒E蛋白重组减毒沙门菌活载体疫苗株的构建

目的:构建表达乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)E蛋白的口服重组减毒鼠伤寒沙门菌活载体疫苗株。方法:克隆JEV E基因,将其插入表达载体pYA3341中,构建重组质粒pYA3341-E,将重组质粒电转入鼠伤寒沙门菌疫苗株X4550(缺失asd、cya、crp基因),获得重组疫苗菌株X4550(pYA3341-E);鉴定重组菌E蛋白的表达,测定重组菌的稳定性、生长曲线、安全性,以及小鼠的免疫试验和血清中和试验。结果:酶切鉴定和序列测定证实重组质粒构建成功;SDS-PAGE检测有目的蛋白条带;Western印迹证实表达的E蛋白能与猪抗JEV阳性血清特异性结合;重组菌株在体外营养选择压力下,可稳定地携带重组质粒传代繁殖,在体内可较稳定地定居于肠系膜淋巴结和脾脏;小鼠口服试验证实重组菌无毒性作用,安全可靠;小鼠口服重组菌免疫,ELISA检测产生了抗JEV抗体;中和试验表明产生的抗体具有中和活性。结论:构建了能稳定表达JEV E蛋白的口服减毒鼠伤寒沙门菌疫苗株X4550(pYA3341-E),为研究乙型脑炎口服基因工程疫苗奠定基础。     

减毒鼠伤寒沙门菌三型分泌表达系统的构建及其特性

为开发新型重组减毒鼠伤寒沙门菌口服活疫苗载体,本研究以pYA3493质粒为基础,用鼠伤寒沙门菌sopE_(Nt100)基因及其启动子替代原有的P_(trc)启动子,构建沙门菌三型分泌表达载体pYA-sopE_(Nt100);再将质粒pYA-sopE_(Nt100)电转入沙门菌ΔcrpΔasd SL1344,构建减毒鼠伤寒沙门菌ΔcrpΔasd SL1344(p YA-sop E_(Nt100))三型分泌表达系统,研究其生物学特性,进一步将报告基因egfp克隆入sop E基因下游,构建重组菌株ΔcrpΔasd SL1344(p YA-sop E_(Nt100)-egfp),感染Vero细胞,用Western blotting分析该系统递呈外源抗原的能力。PCR、酶切及测序结果表明,减毒鼠伤寒沙门菌ΔcrpΔasd SL1344(p YA-sop E_(Nt100))三型分泌表达系统构建成功;生物学特性鉴定结果表明,其血清型与亲本株Δcrp SL1344及野生株SL1344保持一致;其生化特性与亲本株基本相近,但与野毒株相比发生明显变化;生长速度也更为缓慢;重组菌株ΔcrpΔasd SL1344(p YA-sop E_(Nt100))的LD50较野生株SL1344降低了7.0×104倍;Western blotting结果发现,重组菌培养上清中能检测到Sop E_(Nt100)-egfp融合蛋白(37 k Da);重组菌株感染Vero细胞后,可以同时检测到Sop E_(Nt100)-egfp融合蛋白(37 k Da)和EGFP蛋白(27 k Da)。以上结果证实,本研究成功构建了新型减毒鼠伤寒沙门菌ΔcrpΔasd(p YA-sop E_(Nt100))三型分泌表达系统,其能够有效递呈外源抗原,该重组菌株有潜力作为安全、稳定、高效表达外源基因的口服重组活疫苗载体。     

鼠伤寒沙门菌rtsB基因缺失株的构建及其生物学特性

【背景】鼠伤寒沙门菌(Salmonella typhimurium)是一种重要的人畜共患病原菌,严重危害养殖业及人类健康。调控蛋白在病原菌的生存及感染过程中发挥重要作用。【目的】构建鼠伤寒沙门菌调控基因rtsB缺失株和互补株,分析调控蛋白RstB对鼠伤寒沙门菌生物学特性和致病性的影响。【方法】利用Red同源重组的方法构建鼠伤寒沙门菌SAT52的rtsB基因缺失株,并利用互补质粒构建互补株。然后比较分析野生株SAT52、缺失株?rtsB和互补株C?rtsB的生长特性、运动性、生物被膜形成能力、黏附入侵能力、胞内存活能力及致病性的差异。【结果】缺失rtsB基因不影响SAT52的生长速度,但导致运动能力增强,生物被膜形成能力减弱。细胞感染试验结果表明,rtsB基因有助于鼠伤寒沙门菌对Hela细胞的黏附入侵及RAW264.7细胞内的存活。动物试验结果表明rtsB基因缺失显著降低鼠伤寒沙门菌的致病力。【结论】rtsB基因在鼠伤寒沙门菌感染过程中发挥重要作用,可为阐释鼠伤寒沙门菌的致病机制提供参考。     

疫苗

920931生物技术在研制动物皮苗中的应用〔英〕/Redm。-nd,M J.…了Genet。Eng.Bioteehnol。-1991,11(1)一14一21〔译自DBA,1991,10 (15),91一08572〕 本文综述了应用生物技术生产动物疫苗。讨论的题目有:工程疫苗(即经修饰的减毒重组活疫苗或重组的载体活疫苗如痘苗病毒载体或鼠伤寒沙门菌载体),亚单位重组疫苗(原核系统如大肠杆菌表达的蛋白)、和真核系统(如酿酒酵母菌表达的乙型肝炎病毒、CHO细胞表达的单纯疙疹病毒、携带首落银纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒载体的草地夜蛾昆虫细胞表达的流感病毒或人轮状病毒)表达的蛋白;合成肤疫苗;疫苗配…     

肺炎克氏杆菌固氮基因在稻根联合固氮菌粪产碱菌中的转移和表达

pRD1是带有肺炎克氏杆菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)固氮基因的重组质粒,它可以通过细菌间的接合转移到大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)、苜蓿根瘤菌(Rhizobium meliloti)、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(Salmonella typhimurium)、草生欧文氏菌(Erwinea herbicola)、奇异变形菌(Proteus mirabilis)、粘质沙雷氏菌(Serratiamarcescens)、荧光假单孢菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)和棕色固氮菌(Aztobacter vinelandii)中,所带的固氮基因能在其中的一些菌株中表达。 本文报道pRD1质粒在稻根联合固氮菌粪产碱菌(Alcaligenes faecalis)A-15中转移和表达的情况。     

人类免疫缺陷病毒重组载体疫苗的研究进展

重组载体疫苗是目前人类免疫缺陷病毒疫苗的研究热点,近几年来不仅在病毒载体和细菌载体选用的种类方面有了新的突破,而且对载体疫苗的组合免疫策略和最佳免疫的选用方面已有全新的认识。本文就用于该病毒重组疫苗的病毒载体(包括痘病毒、α病毒、仙台病毒、甲型流感病毒、腺病毒、狂犬病病毒、疱疹性口炎病毒和单纯疱疹病毒载体)以及细菌载体(包括卡介苗、李斯特单胞茵、沙门茵和布氏杆菌载体)等的研究进展进行综述。     

假定调控蛋白STM14_3514可降低鼠伤寒沙门菌对上皮细胞的侵袭力

【目的】研究鼠伤寒沙门菌致病岛1(SPI-1)内部的假定调控蛋白STM14_3514的功能及其作用机制。【方法】以鼠伤寒沙门菌模式菌株ATCC 14028为亲本株,构建了STM14_3514基因的缺失突变体及互补菌株,通过小鼠实验、细胞侵袭实验、Western blot及实时荧光定量PCR(q RT-PCR)等实验技术,深入研究了STM14_3514基因对鼠伤寒沙门菌致病过程的影响。【结果】STM14_3514突变提高了细菌对小鼠的致病能力,突变体在小鼠肠道、肝和脾中的定殖能力均增强;细胞实验揭示,突变体致病力提升主要由于STM14_3514突变能显著增强细菌对上皮细胞的侵袭力(2倍,P0.05)。q RT-PCR及Western blot分析表明,STM14_3514显著抑制SPI-1内部主要调控因子hil A及侵袭相关基因的表达。此外,STM14_3514对hil A的抑制由Hil C介导。【结论】STM14_3514是鼠伤寒沙门菌SPI-1内部的负调控因子,能通过Hil C抑制hil A及SPI-1其他入侵基因的表达,该基因的生物学意义可能与细菌进入细胞后对SPI-1的负调控相关。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.