山葡萄籽中原花青素的提取

研究了提取溶剂、温度、时间、料液比4个因素对山葡萄籽中原花青素得率的影响。确定最佳提取工艺：以70％丙酮为提取荆,在60℃条件下,提取120min,料液比为1：7,原花青素的得率为2．31％     

超声集成双水相体系提取葡萄籽中的原花青素

采用响应面优化超声集成双水相体系提取葡萄籽中的原花青素最佳工艺条件.首先利用Plackett-Burmart(PB)实验设计对6个相关因素进行了筛选,结果表明,乙醇质量分数、硫酸铵质量分数和超声时间对葡萄籽中原花青素提取率影响较大.用最陡爬坡试验及Box-Benhnken设计进一步优化,利用Design-Expert软件进行二次回归分析,得出主要因素最佳条件为:按乙醇质量分数21.45％,硫酸铵质量分数23.46％配制双水相,在料液比1∶7,50℃温度下超声提取45.46 min,原花青素的提取率可达30.23％,分配系数可达11.5,提取率比优化前提高了6倍.     

落叶松树皮原花青素提取工艺的研究

本文考察了落叶松树皮原花青素的料液比、乙醇浓度、提取温度、超声时间对原花青素提取效果的影响。采用正交实验,对提取工艺进行了优化。结果表明各因素对原花青素的提取效果的影响程度为提取温度>提取时间>乙醇浓度>料液比。从而确定落叶松树皮中原花青素的最佳工艺条件为:提取温度为35℃,提取时间为0.5 h,乙醇浓度为50%,料液比为1∶15(g/mL)。     

树莓种子原花青素的提取分离工艺研究

本文对树莓种子原花青素的提取及分离的工艺条件进行了研究和探讨。结果表明:水对原花青素的提取效果较好。用10倍于树莓种子重量的水(pH 8)于80℃提取三次,每次90 min,原花青素的提取效果最佳。提取液浓缩后,用NKA树脂吸附,当上样液pH值为7时,以50%乙醇溶液洗脱,分离出的原花青素含量最高,达23.66%,且产品得率也最大,达11.0%。     

苹果渣中原花青素的提取分离条件的优化

采用单因素和正交试验优化了溶剂直接提取及微波辅助提取苹果渣中原花青素的提取条件。结果表明:溶剂直接提取苹果渣中原花青素的最佳提取条件为乙醇体积分数30%,料液比(g/mL)1∶12,浸提温度90℃,提取时间0.5h;微波辅助提取法提取苹果渣中原花青素的最佳提取条件为乙醇体积分数50%,料液比(g/mL)1∶9,微波功率为700W,提取时间3min。与溶剂直接提取法相比,微波辅助提取法能更省时、高效地提取苹果渣中的原花青素。     

山楂果中原花青素提取工艺研究

优选回流提取方法,以山楂果中原花青素含量为考察指标,研究提取溶剂种类、浓度、提取温度、料液比、提取时间、提取次数等因素对原花青素提取效果的影响。通过正交实验,确定山楂果中原花青素的最佳提取工艺条件为:提取溶剂70%乙醇,提取温度80℃,料液比1∶15,提取时间2 h,提取3次。     

山葡萄籽中原花青素的提取

研究了提取溶剂、温度、时间、料液比4个因素对山葡萄籽中原花青素得率的影响.确定最佳提取工艺以70%丙酮为提取剂,在60℃条件下,提取120 min,料液比为17,原花青素的得率为2.31%     

红松树皮中原花青素提取工艺研究

采用溶剂回流提取的方法,以红松树皮中原花青素的提取率为考察指标,考察了提取溶剂种类、溶剂浓度、提取温度、料液比、提取时间、提取次数等因素对原花青素提取效果的影响.通过正交实验,确定红松树皮中原花青素的最佳提取工艺条件为:提取溶剂60%乙醇,提取温度50℃,料液比1:7,提取时间60 min.     

离子液体超声辅助提取桑葚中原花青素

采用离子液体超声辅助提取桑葚中原花青素,在单因素实验基础上,采用响应面优化[Bmim]Cl(1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯)浓度、料液比、超声功率、超声时间对桑葚中原花青素得率的影响,利用扫描电镜分析了该技术提取效果较好的原因。结果表明,桑葚中原花青素的最佳提取工艺为:[Bmim]Cl浓度为0.73 mol/L、料液比1∶21(g/mL)、超声功率188 W、超声时间11 min,此条件下原花青素得率可达3.51%,与模型预测值接近。扫描电镜观察发现,离子液体超声对桑葚粉末微观结构破坏影响较大。     

超临界CO2萃取刺葡萄籽原花青素的工艺研究

刺葡萄(Vitis davidii Foex．)是属于葡萄属东亚种群的一个种,在湖南西部和南部的山区分布广泛,资源丰富,其果实酸甜、风味浓,但其果粒小,种子多,从种子中提取天然活性物质——原花青素的前景可能更为广阔。目前关于刺葡萄的研究报道少,为此本文以“紫秋”刺葡萄种子为原料,采用单因素试验和正交试验,探讨了超临界CO2萃取刺葡萄籽原花青素的工艺。研究结果表明,超临界CO2萃取刺葡萄籽原花青素的适宜工艺条件为:萃取压力30MPa,萃取温度55℃,料液比1:0．8,60％的乙醇为夹带剂,在此条件下,原花青素的产率为17．58 mg/100g,纯度可达89．7％。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.