内质网和细胞骨架在植物病毒细胞内转运中的作用

植物病毒的侵染循环是一个病毒.寄主互作过程.内质网和细胞骨架在病毒细胞内转运中起着重要调节作用,不仅协助病毒从复制位点转运到细胞边缘胞间连丝处,还可能介导多余病毒因子的降解.针对植物细胞内质网和细胞骨架在烟草花叶病毒等植物病毒细胞内转运过程中所起的作用进行了综述.     

植物微管骨架参与下胚轴伸长调节机制研究进展

微管作为细胞骨架的重要成员, 在植物生长发育过程中起重要作用。下胚轴作为研究细胞伸长的模式系统之一, 其伸长受到多种信号的调节。该文综述了微管骨架在响应环境和生长发育信号调节下胚轴伸长过程中的作用及机制, 旨在帮助读者深入理解微管骨架响应上游信号在植物下胚轴伸长中的作用机理。     

中国科学家在植物细胞骨架研究领域取得突破性进展

微管是细胞骨架的重要组成部分,为真核细胞生命活动所必需。与其它生物体类似,微管不仅在植物生长发育中起重要作用,而且参与响应外界环境信号。近期,中国科学家在解析植物微管精准切割及微管骨架动态重构调控机制的研究中取得突破性进展。     

PLD 的生化特性及在信号传导中的作用

磷脂酶 D(PLD)是一种分解磷脂的多功能酶,磷脂酶可激活调控许多重要的细胞生理功能,在信号转导、小泡运输、有丝分裂、激素作用的发挥、细胞骨架组装、防御反应以及种子萌发和衰老过程中都起重要作用．主要介绍了磷脂酶基因的生化特性及在植物信号转导中的作用．     

钙依赖蛋白激酶(CDPKs)在植物钙信号转导中的作用

CDPKs在植物钙信号转导中起重要作用。本文介绍了植物钙信号转导及CDPKs的结构与生化性质,在此基础上,重点总结了CDPKs在植物钙信号转导中的潜在调节作用,包括基因表达、代谢、离子和水分的跨膜运输、细胞骨架的动态变化、气孔运动和生长发育等,并提出了在CDPKs研究中已达成的共识和需要解决的问题。     

钙依赖蛋白激酶（CDPKs）在植物钙信号转导中的作用

CDPKs在植物钙信号转导中起重要作用。本文介绍了植物钙信号转导及CDPKs的结构与生化性质,在此基础上,重点总结了CDPKs在植物钙信号转导中的潜在调节作用,包括基因表达、代谢、离子和水分的跨膜运输、细胞骨架的动态变化、气孔运动和生长发育等,并提出了在CDPKs研究中已达成的共识和需要解决的问题。     

细胞骨架在植物抗锈病中的作用

锈菌是真菌中一个很大的类群,由锈菌侵染引起的病害可造成世界范围内大多数重要作物锈病的大流行和严重的产量损失。细胞骨架包括微管和微丝,在植物生命活动中担负着复杂的生理功能。越来越多的实验证明,细胞骨架在植物抗锈病中起着重要的作用。该文着重对国内外有关植物与锈菌相互作用过程中细胞骨架重组、活性氧积累、过敏性坏死反应发生、细胞骨架结合蛋白功能、细胞信号转导方面的研究进展进行综述,为深入了解植物抗锈性遗传机制并最终应用于植物锈病的防治奠定基础。     

气孔蒸腾中保卫细胞原生质的调控作用

气孔运动的机理一般公认为保卫细胞的渗透调节。作者所在研究小组近几年的工作表明：动物神经递质乙酰胆碱参与气孔运动的调节；植物细胞骨架微管、微丝在气孔运动中起重要作用。因面提出保卫细胞原生质在气孔蒸腾中的气孔蒸腾中的作用值得进一步研究。     

细胞骨架参与调控细胞壁形成的研究进展

植物细胞壁是地球上最丰富的可再生资源,也是植物细胞区别于动物细胞的特殊结构之一,它与细胞质膜及细胞骨架共同构成了植物细胞表面的细胞壁-质膜-细胞骨架连续体.细胞壁为植物细胞提供外部支撑结构,细胞骨架则在细胞内构成内部网络支架结构.近年来,有关植物细胞骨架调控细胞壁形成的研究有了很大进展,本文从细胞骨架参与细胞壁物质膜泡运输、细胞骨架调控纤维素微纤丝沉积、细胞骨架调控次生细胞壁加厚以及细胞骨架参与细胞壁形成信号的调控等方面进行了阐述和总结,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望.     

细胞骨架纤维间的相互联系

细胞骨架是由微丝、微管及中间纤维组成的蛋白质纤维网络体系.三种骨架纤维具有不同的形态、结构和功能特征,它们在细胞中彼此联系、互相依赖,共同构成完整的细胞骨架系统,在细胞的各项生命活动中起着重要的作用.认识与研究细胞骨架的这三种纤维之间存在的相互联系,揭示它们作用的分子机制,对全面、科学的认识细胞骨架系统在细胞中起所的作用以及对于科学研究都有着重要的意义.     

Emerging role of roots in plant responses to aboveground insect herbivory

Plants have evolved complex biochemical mechanisms to counter threats from insect herbivory. Recent research has revealed an important role of roots in plant responses to above ground herbivory (AGH). The involvement of roots is integral to plant resistance and tolerance mechanisms. Roots not only play an active role in plant defenses by acting as sites for biosynthesis of various toxins and but also contribute to tolerance by storing photoassimilates to enable future regrowth. The interaction of roots with beneficial soil‐borne microorganisms also influences the outcome of the interaction between plant and insect herbivores. Shoot‐to‐root communication signals are critical for plant response to AGH. A better understanding of the role of roots in plant response to AGH is essential in order to develop a comprehensive picture of plant‐insect interactions. Here, we summarize the current status of research on the role of roots in plant response to AGH and also discuss possible signals involved in shoot‐to‐root communication.     

Differential proteomic analysis of apoplastic proteins during initial phase of salt stress in rice

The plant cell apoplast, which consists of all the compartments beyond the plasma membrane, is implicated in a variety of functions during plant growth and development as well as in plant defence responses to stress conditions. To evaluate the role of apoplastic proteins in initial phase of salt stress, a 2-DE based differential proteomics approach has been used to identify apoplastic salt response proteins. Six salt response proteins have been identified, among them, an apoplastic protein OsRMC, which belongs to cysteine-rich repeat receptor like protein kinase subfamily but without the kinase domain, has shown drastically increased abundance in response to salt stress during the initial phase. Our results show, OsRMC negative regulates the salt tolerance of rice plants. These results indicated that plant apoplastic proteins may have important role in plant salt stress response signal pathway.Key words: rice, apoplast, proteomic, salt stress, receptor-like protein kinase, OsRMC     

反式-2-己烯醛在植物防御反应中的作用

反式-2-己烯醛是绿色植物释放的一种小分子挥发性物质, 在调节植物生长发育和抵抗各种环境胁迫中发挥重要作用。已有研究表明, 反式-2-己烯醛可抑制植物根系生长, 具有较高的抑菌和抗虫活性, 也可以作为植物间的“信使”来传递防御信号。该文系统综述了反式-2-己烯醛的生物合成、代谢途径及其在生物胁迫防御反应中的重要作用, 提出了研究中存在的问题及未来的研究方向和建议, 以期为深入揭示反式-2-己烯醛的作用机理提供参考。     

植物对金属纳米材料胁迫响应的蛋白质组学研究进展

土壤已逐渐成为金属纳米材料在环境中的主要沉积库,植物作为生态系统中的重要组成部分,在纳米材料的归趋中起着十分重要的作用。研究表明,金属纳米材料会通过改变植物蛋白质的表达影响植物的生长发育。本文阐述了多种典型金属纳米材料胁迫引起的植物蛋白质组差异表达,总结了金属纳米材料胁迫下纳米材料理化性质、植物特征和胁迫条件等因素对植物蛋白质组响应的影响,综述了植物蛋白质组对金属纳米材料胁迫的响应机制,主要涉及能量合成与代谢响应、氨基酸合成与信息传导响应、氧化应激和胁迫防御响应,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

Towards understanding the multifaceted role of SUMOylation in plant growth and development

Post‐translational modifications (PTMs) play a critical role in regulating plant growth and development through the modulation of protein functionality and its interaction with its partners. Analysis of the functional implication of PTMs on plant cellular signalling presents grand challenges in understanding their significance. Proteins decorated or modified with another chemical group or polypeptide play a significant role in regulating physiological processes as compared with non‐decorated or non‐modified proteins. In the past decade, SUMOylation has been emerging as a potent PTM influencing the adaptability of plants to growth, in response to various environmental cues. Deciphering the SUMO‐mediated regulation of plant stress responses and its consequences is required to understand the mechanism underneath. Here, we will discuss the recent advances in the role and significance of SUMOylation in plant growth, development and stress response.     

Dissecting the proteome dynamics of the early heat stress response leading to plant survival or death in Arabidopsis

In many plant species, an exposure to a sublethal temperature triggers an adaptative response called acclimation. This response involves an extensive molecular reprogramming that allows the plant to further survive to an otherwise lethal increase of temperature. A related response is also launched under an abrupt and lethal heat stress that, in this case, is unable to successfully promote thermotolerance and therefore ends up in plant death. Although these molecular programmes are expected to have common players, the overlapping degree and the specific regulators of each process are currently unknown. We have carried out a high‐throughput comparative proteomics analysis during acclimation and during the early stages of the plant response to a severe heat stress that lead Arabidopsis seedlings either to survival or death. This analysis dissects these responses, unravels the common players and identifies the specific proteins associated with these different fates. Thermotolerance assays of mutants in genes with an uncharacterized role in heat stress demonstrate the relevance of this study to uncover both positive and negative heat regulators and pinpoint a pivotal role of JR1 and BAG6 in heat tolerance.     

Altered Expression of SPINDLY Affects Gibberellin Response and Plant Development

Gibberellins (GAs) are plant hormones with diverse roles in plant growth and development. SPINDLY (SPY) is one of several genes identified in Arabidopsis that are involved in GA response and it is thought to encode an O-GlcNAc transferase. Genetic analysis suggests that SPY negatively regulates GA response. To test the hypothesis that SPY acts specifically as a negatively acting component of GA signal transduction, spy mutants and plants containing a 35S:SPY construct have been examined. A detailed investigation of the spy mutant phenotype suggests that SPY may play a role in plant development beyond its role in GA signaling. Consistent with this suggestion, the analysis of spy er plants suggests that the ERECTA (ER) gene, which has not been implicated as having a role in GA signaling, appears to enhance the non-GA spy mutant phenotypes. Arabidopsis plants containing a 35S:SPY construct possess reduced GA response at seed germination, but also possess phenotypes consistent with increased GA response, although not identical to spy mutants, during later vegetative and reproductive development. Based on these results, the hypothesis that SPY is specific for GA signaling is rejected. Instead, it is proposed that SPY is a negative regulator of GA response that has additional roles in plant development.     

Herbivore induced plant volatiles: Their role in plant defense for pest management

Plants respond to herbivory through different defensive mechanisms. The induction of volatile emission is one of the important and immediate response of plants to herbivory. Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are involved in plant communication with natural enemies of the insect herbivores, neighboring plants, and different parts of the damaged plant. Release of a wide variety of HIPVs in response to herbivore damage and their role in plant-plant, plant-carnivore and intraplant communications represents a new facet of the complex interactions among different trophic levels. HIPVs are released from leaves, flowers, and fruits into the atmosphere or into the soil from roots in response to herbivore attack. Moreover, HIPVs act as feeding and/or oviposition deterrents to insect pests. HIPVs also mediate the interactions between the plants and the microorganisms. This review presents an overview of HIPVs emitted by plants, their role in plant defense against herbivores and their implications for pest management.