贵州三叠纪海龙类化石一新材料(英文)

记述了贵州关岭晚三叠世早期法郎组瓦窑段新的海龙标本：一个基本完整的侧向挤压头骨及下颌（中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所标本编号Ｖ １１８６０）。根据图版,它与尹恭正等（２０００）建立并归入鱼龙目Ｃｙｍｂｏｓｐｏｎｄｙｌｉｄａｅ科的孙氏“新铺鱼龙”（Ｘｉｎｐｕｓａｕｒｕｓ　ｓｕｎｉ）极为相似。但是由于从文章中得不到头部关键性状的描述,并且本文第一作者到贵阳也不被允许观察标本,目前只有依据与正模图版的对比将Ｖ１１８６０标本暂定为孙氏新铺龙相似种（Ｘｉｎｐｕｓａｕｒｕｓ ｃｆ． Ｘ ｓｕｎｉ）。由于系统分类位置的改变,建议将该属的中文名称由“新铺鱼龙”改为新铺龙。 迄今为止,在所有海龙类头骨中此标本提供了最多可以观察到的性状,包括脑颅侧面的特征。这是一类小型的海龙,吻部中等长度,微微向腹面倾斜;上颌骨前端背向弯曲,此处牙齿扩大且向前平伏;头骨前部的牙齿（前颌骨、上颌骨前部、齿骨）圆锥形,较突出,而靠后部的牙齿可能较圆钝（保存不完整）;前颌骨与上颌骨牙齿间无明显间隙;犁骨和翼骨具齿;下颌细长,齿骨联合部窄。长的齿骨大约占下颌长度的２／３。 基于１８个性状进行了初步的支序分析,结果表明新铺龙与北美的Ｎｅｃｔｏｓａｕｒｕｓ?     

贵州上三叠统一新的海龙(爬行纲:双孔亚纲)

根据头骨和下颌建立了海龙一新属新种——短吻贫齿龙(Miodentosaurus brevis gen.et sp.nov.)。其正型标本是采自贵州三叠纪法郎组的一具骨架(台中自然科学博物馆标本编号NMNS-004727/F003960)。虽然头后骨胳还没有修理,但是几近完好的头骨和下颌显示出许多与众不同的特征,足以确定该标本代表了一新的海龙属种。短吻贫齿龙是个体较大的海龙,其全长超过4 m,头骨背部最长约为33 cm。吻直且极短是其最显著的特征之一。其他主要特征有:前颌骨沿前背中央有一隆嵴;上颌仅前颌骨有6枚圆锥形齿,无上颌骨齿;上颌骨沿前腹侧缘有一沟槽;下颌齿骨齿都集中在前端且至多不超过6枚。依据上述这些特征很易把短吻贫齿龙与其他已知海龙相区别。短吻贫齿龙头骨顶面松果孔大且很前位,头骨腭面的锄骨和翼骨均无齿,它的颈较长(至少可以辨认出13个颈椎)。这些特征显示短吻贫齿龙可能与包括中国安顺龙属(Anshunsaurus)在内的Askeptosauroidea超科有相近的系统关系。     

贵州关岭晚三叠世一大型鱼龙类头骨

记述了产自贵州关岭上三叠统杯椎鱼龙属一新种——亚洲杯椎鱼龙(Cymbospondylusasiaticus sp. nov)。标本为两件几乎完整的头骨,产于法朗组瓦窑段的泥质灰岩中,这是目前已知惟一的晚三叠世(Cymbospondylus属的标本,也是该属时代最晚的一个种。亚洲杯椎鱼龙头部最明显的特征是下颌牙齿仅分布于齿骨的前半部分。此外,新种的吻部极长,超过头骨全长之半,上颌骨非常发达,并且具有已知鱼龙类中最小的眼眶。亚洲杯椎鱼龙是这一大型鱼龙类在北美和欧洲以外地区的首次记录。     

贵州关岭上三叠统的楯齿龙类化石

记述的新铺中国豆齿龙（Sinocyamodus xinpuensis gen. et sp. nov.）代表了齿龙目的一新属。这是齿龙类化石在我国的首次发现,也是这类特殊的海生爬行动物在欧洲、北非和中东以外地区的首次记录。标本产自贵州关岭晚三叠世瓦窑组一段的泥晶灰岩中,与鱼龙类、幻龙类及海龙类等多种海生爬行类同时产出。这一化石组合表明,贵州关岭三叠纪海生爬行动物群的性质与西特提斯动物群（wstern-Tethyan fauna）的性质极为相似,这两个地区在晚三叠世早期有广泛的动物交流。     

贵州关岭海龙类一新属种——双列齿凹棘龙

简要记述了产自贵州关岭小凹组的一具基本完整的骨架,在此基础上建立了海龙类的一个新属种,双列齿凹棘龙(Concavispina biseridens)。新种最明显的鉴定特征是:上颌骨前端有两列钝的牙齿,后部无齿;脊椎神经棘背缘形成V形缺口。凹棘龙与新铺龙(Xinpusaurus)独有的衍征包括上颌骨前段背向弯曲,颈椎数目小于5枚,肱骨近端比远端宽。这些特征指示凹棘龙与新铺龙可能具有较近的亲缘关系。     

吉林省中部早白垩世泉头组-原始鸟脚类恐龙

报道了在松辽盆地白垩纪沉积中首次发现的原始鸟脚类恐龙化石,并根据其头部特征建立一新属新种——娇小长春龙(Changchunsaurus parvus gen.etsp.nov.)。化石产于吉林省公主岭市刘房子镇山前泉头组上部紫红色含砾泥质砂岩中,同一层位还产有兽脚类、鳄类、恐龙蛋、哺乳类等化石。娇小长春龙是一种混合了原始的和衍生性状的小型鸟脚类恐龙。它具有某些比多数鸟脚类和头饰龙类要原始的特征,例如,5颗前上颌齿、前上颌骨吻部只有很短一段齿缺、前上颌骨与上颌齿之间的间隙较小、颊齿两侧的釉质对称、前上颌骨腹侧边缘与上颌骨腹侧边缘基本处于同一水平线等。同时,娇小长春龙也具有一些与真鸟脚类类似的进步特征,比如眶前孔小、外下颌孔缺失。娇小长春龙具有颧骨突,这在鸟脚类恐龙中较为罕见,它的颧骨突表面具有鲕状构造,这一特征未见于其他已知鸟脚类。娇小长春龙的前齿骨形态与角龙类接近,腹支明显长于侧支,前齿骨与齿骨的愈合方式同角龙类相似。娇小长春龙的确切系统分类位置需要进一步的工作来确定。     

新疆吉木莎尔水龙兽层的迷齿类

前袁复礼在新疆吉木莎尔大龙口烧房沟上部、河东红山顶所发现的阔口龙已订为袁氏阔口龙(即加斯马吐龙)(野外号600068,杨,1963)。在整理这一材料时曾于碎骨中发现一下颌骨的碎片。初步鉴定应属大头龙类。标本编号 V.3234。这是这一层所发现的唯一迷齿类化石,也是发现的最老的这一类化石。兹简述如下:化石为一长约8毫米、中部高约7毫米、上部厚约4.5毫米的一下颌骨碎片。一共保存了三个牙齿的断裂面。左侧的一个受磨蚀较甚。图版上的上图表示下颌外侧,具有粗的条纹和沟,其靠近下边的一条横纹表示齿骨和夹骨的界限。下图表示下颌内侧,条纹不如外侧者显著。右侧较薄的一端应当作前端,而左侧较厚者则为后端。可以看出两者都是上厚下薄,内较平而外凸出。照这样的解释,此下颌应代表一左下颌的中部。最有意思的是关于牙齿的构造。在图版中间的一图可以清楚地看出牙齿的切面,可     

云南中三叠世豆齿龙类(爬行纲：楯齿龙目)—新属(英文)

中国已知的楯齿龙目(Placodontia)化石仅见于贵州省西南部地区,其中豆齿龙亚目(Cya- modontoidea)产自关岭地区的法郎组瓦窑段,时代为晚三叠世卡尼期;楯齿龙亚目(Placodon- toidea)产自盘县的关岭组Ⅱ段,时代为中三叠世安尼期。本文记述的豆齿龙类新属种——康氏雕甲龟龙(Clyphoderma kangi gen.et sp.nov.)产于云南富源的法郎组竹杆坡段,属中三叠世拉丁期。正型标本保存于浙江自然博物馆(编号:M 8729),其头骨高度愈合,代表一个完全成年之个体,根据以下特征明显区别于我国的Psephochelys和欧洲的Psephoderma:1)头骨枕部具3枚大型的锥状鳞;2)背甲甲片结构更为复杂,具明显的放射状沟/脊结构。到目前为止,康氏雕甲龟龙是龟龙科(Placochelyidae)中惟一的中三叠世属种,该科的其他成员全部发现于上三叠统。     

短吻贫齿龙(双孔亚纲:海龙目)的新材料及补充研究(英文)

记述了产自贵州关岭法郎组瓦窑段(上三叠统)短吻贫齿龙一新材料。新标本头后骨骼十分完整,使我们对该海龙的全身骨骼形态有了一个完整的认识,尤其是澄清了其肩带及前、后肢的解剖学特征。短吻贫齿龙牙齿稀少且局限于上、下颌的前端,以及末端指/趾骨(爪)扁平等性状表明,该种不是纯粹的肉食动物。依据新材料,短吻贫齿龙在局部形态上存在个体变异,并确认后肢趾趾式(2-3-4-5-5)可作为该海龙的特征之一。     

巴山酋龙的颌骨

巴山酋龙 (Datousaurus bashanensis Dong and Tang ,1984)是四川盆地大山铺中侏罗世蜥脚类恐龙 ,亦称大头龙。其主要特征之一为硕壮的头骨。文中对保存于重庆自然博物馆的酋龙上下颌骨新材料进行较详细的记述。保存的前上颌骨长、高 (前端 )、厚分别为 120mm ,125mm和 40mm ;上颌骨长为 280mm ;下颌齿骨高为145mm。估计每侧上、下颌齿数分别为 14和 12枚。牙齿粗大 ,勺状 ,排列紧密。推测头骨长可达 6 7cm ,是已知蜥脚类恐龙中最硕大的。与大山铺同一地点其它蜥脚类相比 ,巴山酋龙的颌骨也不尽相同 ,这为进一步探讨其食性及古环境提供新的线索。     

新铺龙(爬行纲:海龙目)的分类(英文)

比较了已经描述的新铺龙(Xinpusaurus)的三个种,确定以往确立的种间鉴别特征是无效的。吻部比例以及齿骨形态都不能用来区分它们,戈氏种(X.kohi)的头后骨骼鉴别特征基础不牢,大多因标本保存欠佳不能明确其有效性。因此,建议废除巴毛林种(X.bamaolinensis)以及戈氏种,新铺龙属仅保留属型种——孙氏新铺龙(X.suni)——为有效种。文中还进一步阐明了本属种脑颅的形态。     

白粉菌属一新种

本文报道了寄生在白花菜科醉蝶花属上的一个白粉菌属新种醉蝶花白粉菌Erysiphecleomes白花菜科是白粉菌在我国的寄主科新记录。新种有中文和拉丁文描述。     

NEW FERTILE SPECIES OF PSILOPHYTON FROM THE DEVONIAN OF MAINE

A review of the history of the genus Psilophyton is presented. Two new species with sporangia in organic connection, P. microspinosum and P. dapsile, are described. They are compared with Psilophyton-like plants from Maine and other previously described fertile species of this genus. Evidence from several species in the Trout Valley flora confirms the concept of this taxon as presented by Hueber and Banks. Data based on all sporangium-bearing species of Psilophyton are outlined, certain evolutionary trends within the taxon are tentatively presented, and recommendations for the treatment of the numerous fragmentary species and future new species are suggested.     

THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SCHOPFIPOLLENITES: ORBICULES AND TAPETAL MEMBRANES

Electron microscopy of in situ fossil (Pennsylvanian) pollen assignable to the taxon Schopfipollenites indicates the presence of orbicules and tapetal membranes similar to those associated with the secretory tapetum of extant plants. Orbicules are spheroidal, hollow and associated with a complex tapetal membrane system. Each membrane is three-parted, consisting of two thin layers attached by beads of electron-dense material. A thicker, outer layer is suggestive of the orbicule reticulum described in some angiosperm families. A comparison between the fossil orbicules and membrane systems and those of extant plants is presented.     

A NEW SPECIES OF MOERITHERIUM (PROBOSCIDEA, MAMMALIA) FROM THE EOCENE OF ALGERIA: NEW PERSPECTIVES ON THE ANCESTRAL MORPHOTYPE OF THE GENUS

Abstract:  A new species of Moeritherium (Proboscidea, Mammalia), M. chehbeurameuri sp. nov., is described from remains discovered in the early late Eocene locality of Bir El Ater, Algeria. Although mainly represented by isolated teeth, it shows distinct synapomorphies which justify its attribution to the genus Moeritherium , together with exclusive features that led to the creation of the new species. The main characteristic of this new taxon is the almost complete lophodonty shown by its molars, while Moeritherium is commonly regarded as a bunolophodont to bunodont taxon. In addition to this lophodonty, this new taxon shows anatomical features as yet unknown for the genus, but often met within lophodont early proboscidean taxa such as Phosphatherium escuilliei and Numidotherium koholense . Although a revision of the whole genus Moeritherium is outside the scope of this paper, the main controversies and discussion about the definition of species within the genus Moeritherium are discussed. The surprising lophodonty of M. chehbeurameuri , together with its small size, its early late Eocene age and the weak molarization of its P₃ support the hypothesis of a lophodont hypothetical ancestor for moeritheres, and therefore strengthen the growing hypothesis of a lophodont dental ancestral morphotype for proboscideans.     

NEW MULTITUBERCULATE MAMMALS FROM THE HAUTERIVIAN/BARREMIAN TRANSITION OF EUROPE (IBERIAN PENINSULA)

Abstract: New multituberculate mammals from the Hauterivian/Barremian transition of Europe are described. They were found in the late Hauterivian‐early Barremian fossiliferous locality of La Cantalera (Josa, Teruel, Spain), one of the Early Cretaceous sites in the Aragonese branch of the Iberian Ranges, in northeastern Iberia. The fossils have been assigned to at least three taxa on the basis of nine isolated teeth: a new pinheirodontid taxon, Cantalera abadi gen. et sp. nov.; a representative of the eobaatarid Eobaatar; a taxon described as Plagiaulacidae or Eobaataridae gen. et sp. indet.; and other as Plagiaulacida indet. These fossils have increased the resolution of European Early Cretaceous multituberculate mammalian biostratigraphy and palaeobiogeography: the oldest representative of Eobaatar is described here; a taxon is assigned to ?Plagiaulacidae, in which case it would be the first of this family in the Iberian Peninsula; and the discovery of a new late Hauterivian pinheirodontid taxon demonstrates greater biodiversity and a wider distribution for these multituberculates than was previously known. The mutituberculate fauna of La Cantalera consists of endemic taxa (Pinheirodontidae), which were restricted to what is now Western Europe, and others (Eobaataridae) which have also been described in Asia. Consistent with the Iberian record of late Barremian gobiconodontid mammals, the presence of Eobaatar in Iberia with representatives from the late Hauterivian to late Barremian, as well as in the Aptian or Albian of Mongolia, indicates that faunal exchanges between Europe and Asia could have existed for most of the Early Cretaceous, either sporadically or constantly.     

早泥盆世始叶蕨（新属）及叶子起源的讨论

本文报道了滇东南文山地区下泥盆统坡松冲组（西根阶）地层中一陆生植物新属,种－纤细始叶蕨（Eophyllophyton bellum gen.et sp.nov),植物体矮小,多次二叉分枝,远端枝二列互生长出次一级二叉分枝为主的末级枝,枝系起源叶顶生成侧生,多次分叉,缩合,扁化,蹼化并部分并合,生殖单位可下垂,由二枚顶端内卷的孢子叶组成,孢子囊圆至肾形,沿远,端加厚带开裂,成列侧生在孢子叶相对面的叶轴上,上述特征表明新植物远比同期的莱尼类,三枝蕨类和工蕨类复杂和进化,并显示出和工蕨类的某些亲缘关系,文内还探讨了枝系起源叶（大型叶）的发生和演化。