笼养大紫胸鹦鹉取食活动

采用扫描、焦点动物和全事件取样法对笼养条件下大紫胸鹦鹉 (Psittaculaderbiana)的取食行为进行了观察 ,结果表明 :笼养大紫胸鹦鹉取食活动占观察时间的 14 5 1% ,是其主要行为活动之一。日取食活动呈现早(7:0 0～ 10 :0 0 )、晚 (15 :0 0～ 19:0 0 ) 2个明显的高峰。每日取食 (32 12± 14 2 8)次 ,累计日取食时间 (15 3 2 3±73 11)min。每次取食的时间平均为 (5 2 9± 1 0 6 )min。两性和成幼间以及不同时期的取食活动有一定的差异。在整个取食过程中 ,除拾取 (45 47% )和咀嚼 (46 49% )两种取食行为外 ,还有身体护理 (2 5 1% )、运动 (3 5 9% )、静栖 (1 72 % )、攻击 (0 12 % )、求偶 (0 1% )等活动出现。逐步回归分析表明 :影响大紫胸鹦鹉成鸟取食活动的主要因素是生物学因素 ;5月龄以前幼鸟的取食行为除受生物学因素的影响外 ,还与温度有一定的关系     

嘉黎牦牛和荷斯坦牛4项红细胞酶活性的测定

测定了西藏嘉黎牦牛和南京荷斯坦牛血液红细胞中乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)、碱性磷酸酶 (AKP)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)等 4项酶的活性 ,结果分别为LDH 2 5 5 2 3 1 6± 71 4 0 3和 2 1 2 74 96± 6638 1 6(nmol s) ,AKP 4 4 4 4± 1 2 81和 36 5 3± 1 1 31 (nmol s) ,CAT 1 0 2 73± 32 2 2和 63 0 8± 1 2 4 7(U gHb) ,SOD 1 3979 1 6± 2 873 84和 92 85 37± 2 880 60 (U gHb)。西藏嘉黎牦牛的CAT和SOD极显著高于荷斯坦牛 (P <0 0 1 ) ;而LDH和AKP显著高于荷斯坦牛 (P <0 0 5 )。     

肺结核病患者PBMC膜白介素-2受体(CD25)表达及其临床意义

目的 :探讨外周血单个核细胞 (PBMC)膜白介素 - 2受体 m IL- 2 R,(CD2 5 )表达在肺结核病鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法 :用生物素 -链霉亲和素 (BSA)法检测肺结核、支气管肺炎患者 T细胞亚群及植物血凝素 (PHA)诱导前后 CD2 5表达水平。结果 :支气管肺炎患者 CD+ 3、CD+ 4、CD+ 8水平分别为 (6 2 .32±6 .34) %、(47.5 2± 7.16 ) %、(32 .12± 6 .5 5 ) % ,CD+ 4/ CD+ 8比值为 1.5 2± 0 .4 3,PHA诱导前后 CD2 5水平分别为 (4.5 6± 1.5 2 ) %、(35 .12± 7.2 1) %。空洞型肺结核 CD+ 3、CD+ 4、CD+ 8、CD+ 4/ CD+ 8水平分别为 (41.13±5 .2 5 ) %、(43.38± 5 .15 ) %、(36 .2 5± 3.4 6 ) %和 1.15± 0 .2 1,非空洞型肺结核 CD+ 3、CD+ 4、CD+ 8、CD+ 4/ CD+ 8水平分别为 (46 .2 9± 5 .6 0 ) %、(47.2 1± 4 .86 ) %、(32 .36± 4 .0 3) %、1.4 6± 0 .2 5 ,相互比较 CD+ 3、CD+ 3/CD+ 8差异均有显著性 (P<0 .0 1和 P<0 .0 5 )。空洞型肺结核与非空洞型肺结核患者 PHA诱导前后 CD2 5水平分别为 (2 .13± 1.14 ) %、(2 7.2 5± 3.5 0 ) %和 (3.4 3± 1.35 ) %、(31.14± 4 .11) % ,两者相比差异均有显著性 (P<0 .0 1)。结论 :肺结核病患者体内存在明显的细胞免疫功能紊乱 ,主要表现为 CD2 5表达水平降     

马麝生理生化正常值的测定

对甘肃兴隆山国家级自然保护区人工养麝场的马麝 3项临床指标、6项血液生理指标和 1 3项血清生化指标进行了测定。结果表明 ,成麝体温为 ( 39 94± 0 87)℃ ,呼吸 ( 1 2 4 67± 1 7 2 9)次 min ,心率( 1 2 4 67± 1 7 2 9)次 min;红细胞 ( 2 0 1 9± 4 95 )× 1 0 12 L ,白细胞计数 ( 1 2 4 76± 5 4 96)× 1 0 9 L ,PCV 0 5 78±0 0 3;血糖 ( 8 2 64± 2 0 5 6)mmol L ,K( 4 4 85± 0 2 4 3)mmol L ,Na ( 1 38 2± 1 6 64)mmol L ,Ca ( 2 75 8± 0 31 )mmol L ,总蛋白 ( 74 70 5± 8 1 5 9)g L ,白蛋白 ( 5 2 77± 2 2 32 )g L ,球蛋白 ( 2 1 4 8± 7 2 76)g L等。     

松鼠秋冬季节日活动节律的初步研究

观察了小兴安岭林区秋冬季节松鼠日活动节律。松鼠秋季的日活动节律为双峰型 ,冬季的日活动节律为单峰型 ,秋季日活动时间为 (9 1 0± 1 0 3 )h ,其中取食时间所占的比率为 85 5 0 % ,冬季日活动时间为 (4 62± 0 5 1 )h,取食时间所占的比率为 88 2 5 % ,两季节间的日活动时间存在显著的季节差异(t=8 1 7,P <0 0 5 )。松鼠日活动节律和活动时数受日照时数、温度、食物和人为干扰等因素的影响     

四川南充市区白腰文鸟的巢址选择与雏鸟的生长发育

20 0 2年 1 1月～ 2 0 0 4年 4月在四川省南充市区内对白腰文鸟 (Lonchurastriata)的繁殖习性进行了研究。结果表明 ,白腰文鸟 2月下旬开始繁殖 ;影响巢址选择的主要因素 9种 ;雌雄参与筑巢 ,营巢期 5～ 6d;雌雄轮流孵卵 ,孵卵期 1 3～ 1 5d ,整个种群的孵卵高峰期在 4～ 6月 ,窝卵数 (5 .61± 0 . 78) (n =1 8)枚 ,孵化率 86 0 7% ;雌雄均参与育雏 ,育雏期 1 8～ 2 1d ,雏离巢率 82 43 % ,繁殖生产力 3. 0 1 ,育雏两个高峰期 :上午 8:0 0～ 1 0 :0 0时和下午 1 6:0 0～ 1 8:0 0时 ,日育雏次数 (1 2 . 77± 6 .0 7) (n =3 4) ,育雏时间间隔(0 . 96± 0 . 42 )h(n =1 61 ) ;雏鸟形态生长曲线呈“S”型。     

老年性便秘肠道菌群的微生态学研究

目的 :了解老年性便秘患者肠道菌群构成特点。方法 :通过活菌定量培养计数法 ,动态观察 30例老年性便秘患者粪菌群的变化规律 ,并与 32例健康老年人比较。结果 :老年性便秘组每克粪便的活菌数(x± s)分别为 :大肠埃希菌 9.90± 1.4 9,肠球菌 7.81± 2 .6 8,乳酸杆菌 7.2 7± 1.0 1,双歧杆菌 6 .6 8± 1.2 9,类杆菌 6 .92± 0 .91,梭杆菌 10 .0 5± 1.2 1。老年健康组每克粪便各类活菌数 (x± s)分别是 :大肠埃希菌8.6 1± 2 .2 9,肠球菌 7.5 4± 2 .5 2 ,乳酸杆菌 8.2 2± 0 .6 3,双歧杆菌 9.86± 0 .4 4 ,类杆菌 9.4 1± 0 .35 ,梭杆菌7.73± 1.32。两组比较 ,老年性便秘组肠杆菌显著增高 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,梭杆菌非常显著性增高 (P<0 .0 1) ;类杆菌和双歧杆菌非常显著性减低 (均 P<0 .0 1) ;乳酸杆菌显著性减低 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :老年性便秘病人肠道菌群正常结构的生态平衡受到破坏 ,主要表现在以双歧杆菌为主的有益菌数量非常显著性减低 ,腐败梭菌等条件致病菌数量呈非常显著性或显著性增高。     

四爪陆龟血细胞形态学参数的初步研究

对四爪陆龟的血细胞进行了显微观察 ,并对红细胞和白细胞及其细胞核的大小和面积、血红蛋白含量以及红细胞渗透脆性等参数进行测量。结果表明 :( 1 )四爪陆龟红细胞含量平均值为 62 ( 5 2～ 83 )万个 mm3 血液 ;( 2 )红细胞的平均长度为 ( 1 6 70± 1 2 5 ) μm ,范围 1 5 60～ 1 7 5 2 μm ;( 3 )红细胞宽度为 ( 9 5 3± 0 92 ) μm ,范围 7 2 0～ 1 0 8μm ;( 4 )红细胞核长度为 ( 5 5 9± 0 5 9) μm ,范围 4 80～ 6 48μm ;( 5 )红细胞核宽度为 ( 3 65± 0 5 6) μm ,范围 2 64～ 4 5 6μm ;( 6)血红蛋白含量为 ( 7 3 0± 0 66)g 1 0 0ml血液 ( 6 5 0～8 5 0 ) ;( 7)红细胞渗透脆性 ,开始溶血浓度为 0 2 4%NaCl溶液 ,完全溶血浓度为 0 1 6%NaCl溶液 ;( 8)红细胞平均大小 (长径×短径 )为 ( 1 6 70× 9 5 3 ) μm2 ;( 9)白细胞平均值 0 5 6( 0 42～ 0 70 )万 mm3 ,其中嗜中性粒细胞大小为 ( 1 2 0 8± 1 86) μm ,嗜酸性粒细胞大小为 ( 9 2 5± 2 3 ) μm ,嗜碱性粒细胞大小为 ( 8 75±0 2 3 ) μm ,单核细胞大小为 ( 1 1 40± 1 0 6) μm ,淋巴细胞大小为 ( 7 5 0± 2 1 ) μm ,凝血细胞大小为 ( 4 2 0±1 40 ) μm。     

广西防城发现黄嘴白鹭的繁殖种群

20 0 2年 3～ 8月 ,在广西防城万鹤山首次发现国家Ⅱ级重点保护动物黄嘴白鹭的繁殖种群 ,约 4巢 ,8只成鸟 1 4只雏鸟。黄嘴白鹭于该年 3月底 4月初迁来筑巢繁殖。巢材多为常绿、落叶阔叶树枯枝和松枝。窝卵数 4枚 ,卵为淡蓝青色。雌雄鸟轮流交替孵卵 ,孵化期 2 4 5 0± 1 5 0 ( 2 3～ 2 6)d ,孵化率1 0 0 %。育雏期 41± 2 ( 3 9～ 43 )d ,窝雏数 3 5 0± 0 2 9( 3～ 4)只 ,雏鸟成活率 87 5 0 %。食性主要为鱼( 77 84% )、虾 ( 1 6 76% )和青蛙 ( 5 40 % )。     

BALB/c小鼠血小板抽样测试与统计分析

调查了BALB c小鼠血液血小板的正常参考值范围。随机抽样BALB c小鼠 98例 ,雄性 5 0只 ,雌性 48只 ,显微镜计数法 ,按统计学原理分析 ,并对总体正常值范围估计。结果表明 ,♂ : X±SD =3 1 7 5 8± 72 0 8,μ±S X =3 1 7 5 8± 1 0 1 9,μ的可信区间估计为 3 0 0 5 0～ 3 3 4 66(90 %可信度 )、2 97 1 1～ 3 3 8 0 5(95 %可信度 )和 2 90 2 9～ 3 44 87(99%可信度 ) ,正常值范围综合估计为 1 94 92～ 41 4 95 (含 90 %总体 )、1 80 87～ 42 5 9(含 95 %总体 )和 1 5 8 67～ 45 9 62 (含 99%总体 ) ;♀ : X±SD =2 85 2 3± 71 71 ,μ±S X =2 85 2 3± 1 0 3 5 ,μ的可信区间估计为 2 67 88～ 3 0 2 5 8(90 %可信度 )、2 64 44～ 3 0 6 0 2 (95 %可信度 )和2 5 7 5 1～ 3 1 2 95 (99%可信度 ) ,正常值范围综合估计为 1 68 64～ 3 81 3 6(含 90 %总体 )、1 5 3 5 9～ 3 93 0 1(含 95 %总体 )和 1 2 8 3 6～ 42 6 65 (含 99%总体 ) ,单位为× 1 0 9 L。性别间有差异 ,P <0 0 5。本结果可为科研、教学工作提供参考。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.