樟科(Lauraceae)部分属种雌蕊群维管分布格局及其系统学意义

运用石蜡切片技术,对樟科的紫楠（Ｐｈｏｅｂｅ ｓｈｅａｒｅｒｉ（Ｈｅｍｓｌ．）Ｇａｍｂｌｅ）,浙江楠（Ｐｈ．ｃｈｅｋｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ Ｓ．Ｂ．Ｓｈａｎｇ）香樟（Ｃｉｎｎａｍｏｍｕｍ ｃａｍｐｈｏｒａ （Ｌｉｎｎ．）Ｐｒｅｓｌ．）浙江桂（Ｃ．ｃｈｅｋｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ Ｎａｋａｉ）,细叶香桂（Ｃ．ｓｕｂａｖｅｎｉｕｍＭｉｑ．）、江浙山胡椒（Ｌｉｎｄｅｒａ ｃｈｉｅｎｉｉ Ｃｈｅｎｇ）、钓樟（Ｌ．ｒ     

Shabaella fengzuensis的蜕壳

描述了浙江江山早寒武世三叶虫Ｓｈａｂａｅｌｌａ ｆｅｎｇｚｕｅｎｓｉｓ的蜕壳方式,指出Ｓｈａｂａｅｌｌａ的蜕壳机制与同时代的Ｒｅｄｌｉｃｈｉａ有别,但与Ｈｕｎａｎｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓ,Ｓｉｎｏｌｅｎｕｓ等的蜕壳方式可能接近。     

中国栉眼蚤属两新亚种记述(蚤目:多毛蚤科)

根据１９８８年以来,人采自浙江省景宁,永嘉等县的标本,记述了栉眼蚤属两新亚各,即台湾栉眼蚤浙江亚种Ｃｔｅｎｏｐｈｔｈａｌｍｕｓ（Ｓｉｎｏｃｔｅｎｏｐｈｔｈａｌｍｕｓ）ｔａｉｗａｎｕｓｚｈｅｊｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓＬｕｅｔＱｉｕ,ｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ和短突栉眼蚤永嘉亚种Ｃｔｅｎｏｐｈｔｈａｌｍｕｓ（Ｓｉｎｏｃｔｅｎｏｐｈｔｈａｌｍｕｓ）ｂｒｅｖｉｐｒｏｊｉｃｉｅｎｓｙｏｎｇｊｉａｅｎｓｉｓ,Ｌｕ,Ｚｈａｎｇ,     

浙江临海晚白垩世一翼龙新属种

本记述了发现于浙江临海晚白垩世一翼龙新属种,命名为临海浙江翼龙Ｚｈｅｊｉａｎｇｏ－ｐｔｅｒｕｓ ｌｉｎｈａｉｅｎｓｉｓ ｇｅｎ．ｅｔ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。其形态特征与美国堪萨斯州上白垩统Ｓａｎｔｏｎｉａｎ阶产出的Ｎｙｃｔｏｓａｕｒｕｓ相接近,本将其归于夜翼龙科Ｎｙｃｔｏｓａｕｒｉｄａｅ,地质时代为晚白垩世。     

我国东南沿海VA菌根真菌II,球囊霉属四个种

从我国东南沿海广东,广西福建,浙江,山东等省的栽培及野生植物根际分离出ＶＡ真菌球囊霉属的四个种：聚丛球囊霉ＧｌｏｍｕｓａｇｇｒｅｇａｔｕｍＳｃｈｅｎｃｋ＆Ｓｍｉｔｈｅｍｅｎｄ．Ｋｏｓｋｅ,微丝球囊霉Ｇ．ｍｉｃｒｏａｇｇｒｅｇａｔｕｍＫｏｓｋｅ,Ｇｅｍｍａ＆Ｏｌｅｘｉａ,小果球囊霉Ｇ．ｍｉｃｒｃａｒｐｕｍＴｕｌ＆Ｔｕｌ,台湾球囊霉Ｇ．ｆｏｒｍｏｓａｎｕｍＷｕ＆Ｃｈｅｎ。其中微丛球囊霉为我国新记录种。     

The Second Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Biotechnology

ＡＤＶＩＳＯＲＪＩＡＯＲｕｉ Ｓｈｅｎ (Ｊ .Ｓ .Ｃｈａｏ)　　Ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒ(ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＰｌａｎｔＰｈｙｓｉｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ ,ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｓｆｏｒＢｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ ,ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ ,Ｓｈａｎｇｈａｉ 2 0 0 0 32 ,Ｃｈｉｎａ)ＥＤＩＴＯＲ ＩＮ ＣＨＩＥＦＹＡＮＧＳｈｅｎｇ Ｌｉ　　Ａｃａｄｅｍｉｃｉａｎ(ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＢｉｏｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ ,ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａ…     

中国凹盾象属六新种记述（鞘翅目：象虫科）

本文记述产于我国的凹盾象属Ｓｔｅｎｏｓｃｅｌｉｓ昆虫６新种,分别为赤杨凹盾象Ｓｔｅｎｏｓｃｅｌｉｓ（Ｈｅｘａｓｔｅｎｏｓｃｅｌｉｓ）ａｌｎｉ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,圆窝凹盾象Ｓ．ｆｏｖｅａｔｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,齿突凹盾象Ｓ．ａｃｅｒｂｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,小点凹盾象Ｓ．ｐｕｎｃｔｉｃｕｌａｔｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,洼喙凹盾象Ｓ．ｒｅｃａｖｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,和蔚县凹盾象Ｓ．ｙｕｘｉａｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ     

中国南方低丘红壤区人工复合生态系统模式建造研究

中国南方低丘红壤区人工复合生态系统模式建造研究徐盛荣,吴珊眉,李辉信（南京农业大学土壤农业化学系,２１００１４）ＭｏｄｅｌｉｎｇｏｆＡｒｔｉｆｉｃｉａｌＣｏｍｐｌｅｘＥｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｉｎＬｏｗ－ｈｉｌｌｙＲｅｄＳｏｉｌＲｅｇｉｏｎｏｆＳｏｕｔｈＣｂｉｎａ￥．ＸｕＳｈｅｎｇｒｏｎｇ;ＷｕＳｈａｎｍｅｉ;ＬｉＨｕｉｘｉｎ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＳｏｉｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅａｎｄＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＣｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙ,ＮａｎｊｉｎｇＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（２）：３９—４０．Ｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｓｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｍｏｄｅｌｉｎｇｏｆａｒｔｉｆｉｃｉａｌｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｉｎｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｉｎｇｃｒｏｐ,ｆｒｕｉｔ,ｆｏｒｅｓｔａｎｄａｎｉｍａｌｈｕｓｂａｎｄｒｙｗｉｔｈｉｎａｃａｔｃｈｍｅｎｔａｒｅａ,ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓａｂａｓｉｃｕｎｉｔｏｆｌｏｗｈｉｌｌｙｒｅｇｉｏｎｉｎｓｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａ．Ｔｈｅｍｏｄｅｌｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｓｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔａｎｄｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｖｅｐｒｏｆｉｔｓ．Ｆｉ     

The Second Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Biotechnology

ＤＶＩＳＯＲＪＩＡＯＲｕｉ Ｓｈｅｎ (Ｊ .Ｓ .Ｃｈａｏ)　　Ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒ(ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＰｌａｎｔＰｈｙｓｉｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ ,ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｓｆｏｒＢｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ ,ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ ,Ｓｈａｎｇｈａｉ 2 0 0 0 32 ,Ｃｈｉｎａ)ＥＤＩＴＯＲ ＩＮ ＣＨＩＥＦＹＡＮＧＳｈｅｎｇ Ｌｉ　　Ａｃａｄｅｍｉｃｉａｎ(ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＢｉｏｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ ,ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄ…     

Weishengwuxue Tongbao MICROBIOLOGY Vol .29 2002 CONTENTS

Ｎｏ .1ＳｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｆＳｃｒｅｅｎｉｎｇＭｉｃｒｏｏｒｇａｎｉｓｍｓｄｅｇｒａｄｉｎｇＬｉｎｅａｒＳｏｄｉｕｍＡｌｋｙｌｂｅｎｚｅｎｅｓｕｌｆｏｎａｔｅ (ＬＡＳ)ａｎｄｉｔｓＤｅｇｒａｄｉｎｇＣｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓ　ＹＩＮＧＱｉ Ｆｅｎｇ,ＸＩＡＯＣｈａｎｇ Ｓｏｎｇ,ＪＩＳｈｕ Ｌａｎ ( 1)……………………………………………………………………ＳｃｒｅｅｎｉｎｇｏｆＳｉｒａｉｎｓＰｒｏｄｕｃｉｎｇＬｉｐａｓｅｓｗｉｔｈｈｉｇｈＡｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓａｎｄＣｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆＳｔｒａｉｎ…     

Nitrogen uptake

Summary Nitrogen uptake from applied nutrient solutions was evaluated in two old fields, in a pine plantation, and in a hardwood stand, to test the idea that plant communities become more efficient trappers and retainers of plant nutrients during succession. Uptake was estimated as the difference between nutrient concentrations in water collected from beneath soil profiles with and without roots by lysimeters within each successional stage. Results suggest that nitrate uptake decreased while ammonia uptake increased with succession. This apparent shift from a nitrate to an ammonia nitrogen economy during succession has been reported by other workers and is evolutionarily significant as an energy, nitrogen, and cation saving mechanism.     

Nitrogen Productivity Depends on Photosynthetic Nitrogen Use Efficiency and on Nitrogen Allocation Within the Plant

The concept of plant nitrogen productivity was introduced atthe end of the 1970s to interpret the dependency of plant growthon internal nitrogen. It is defined as the increase in plantdry matter per unit time and per unit plant nitrogen content.Recently, plant nitrogen productivity has been expressed asthe product of two terms: the leaf nitrogen ratio, which isthe proportion of the plant's nitrogen present in the leaves,and the leaf nitrogen productivity, which is defined as theincrease in plant dry matter per unit time and leaf nitrogencontent. In the present paper we use two data sets obtainedfrom C₃ herbaceous species to evaluate the relative importanceof variation in leaf nitrogen ratio and leaf nitrogen productivityin determining interspecific variation in plant nitrogen productivity.Further, we analyse to what extent leaf and plant nitrogen productivitiesdepend on photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency. Results showthat in all cases, photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency isa major determinant of both plant and leaf nitrogen productivities.A positive relationship between leaf nitrogen ratio and plantnitrogen productivity was found only when comparisons were madeover broad taxonomic groups.Copyright 1995, 1999 Academic Press Interspecific variation, leaf nitrogen ratio, nitrogen productivity, photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency     

Long-Term Nitrogen Additions and Nitrogen Saturation in Two Temperate Forests

This article reports responses of two different forest ecosystems to 9 years (1988–96) of chronic nitrogen (N) additions at the Harvard Forest, Petersham, Massachusetts. Ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) was applied to a pine plantation and a native deciduous broad-leaved (hardwood) forest in six equal monthly doses (May–September) at four rates: control (no fertilizer addition), low N (5 g N m^-2 y^-1), high N (15 g N m^-2 y^-1), and low N + sulfur (5 g N m^-2 y^-1 plus 7.4 g S m^-2 y^-1). Measurements were made of net N mineralization, net nitrification, N retention, wood production, foliar N content and litter production, soil C and N content, and concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) in soil water. In the pine stand, nitrate losses were measured after the first year of additions (1989) in the high N plot and increased again in 1995 and 1996. The hardwood stand showed no significant increases in nitrate leaching until 1995 (high N only), with further increases in 1996. Overall N retention efficiency (percentage of added N retained) over the 9-year period was 97–100% in the control and low N plots of both stands, 96% in the hardwood high N plot, and 85% in the pine high N plot. Storage in aboveground biomass, fine roots, and soil extractable pools accounted for only 16–32% of the added N retained in the amended plots, suggesting that the one major unmeasured pool, soil organic matter, contains the remaining 68–84%. Short-term redistribution of ¹⁵N tracer at natural abundance levels showed similar division between plant and soil pools. Direct measurements of changes in total soil C and N pools were inconclusive due to high variation in both stands. Woody biomass production increased in the hardwood high N plot but was significantly reduced in the pine high N plot, relative to controls. A drought-induced increase in foliar litterfall in the pine stand in 1995 is one possible factor leading to a measured increase in N mineralization, nitrification, and nitrate loss in the pine high N plot in 1996. Received 2 April 1999; Accepted 29 October 1999.     

Nitrogen Fixation and Nitrogen Assimilation in a Temperate Saline Ecosystem

As nitrogen is known to be a limiting factor for plant growth, we were interested in the relationship between soil microbial activity and the nitrogen assimilation of 5 different halophytes from 4 saline sites near the lake “Neusiedlersee”, Austria. The following were studied between May and October 1985: nitrogen fixation (¹⁵N₂ and acetylene reduction): N-mineralization; several soil characteristics and in vivo nitrate reductase activity of roots and shoots of these plants. NO^?₃, org. N- and carboxylate contents of both roots and shoots, as well as the effect of NO^?₃-fertilization on the amounts of these substances, were determined on plants growing in the field during a 3-day period in September 1985. Fertilization led to a decrease in acetylene reduction activity at most sites, and an increase in the nitrate reductase activity of the shoots of all plants. Overall, carboxylate and organic nitrogen contents of these halophytes did not change in response to fertilization. Only in the roots of Aster tripolium and Atriplex hastata was there a marked increase in the nitrate reductase activity in response to fertilization. Species growing at the same site, such as Plantago maritima and Lepidium crassifolium showed contrasting levels of assimilatory activity. Apparent low rates of ammonification and nitrification were detected in soils from the 4 sites. The results are discussed in relation to the nitrogen and carbon economies of the microorganisms and plants.     

外来入侵植物的氮代谢及其土壤氮特征

研究了4种外来入侵植物(五爪金龙、南美蟛蜞菊、金腰箭和马缨丹)和1种本地植物鸡矢藤(对照)的氮代谢及其土壤氮特征.结果表明:外来人侵植物的组织硝酸还原酶活性、根际土壤NH4-N、NO3-N含量、蛋白酶活性和脲酶活性均较高,分别为鸡矢藤的1.65～4.34、1.56～2.15、1.72～3.11、1.43～3.23和1.41～3.33倍,而植物组织硝态氮含量则较低,仅为鸡矢藤的17.5%～50.6%.相关分析表明:植物组织硝酸还原酶活性与根际土壤总氮、NH4-N、NO3-N含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与蛋白酶活性和脲酶活性呈极显著正相关(P<0.01).这说明,外来植物入侵使土壤氮代谢加快,氮的生物有效性增强,氮同化能力提高,并且较好地将植物体氮素代谢与土壤氮素代谢协调起来.因此,较强的氮素同化能力与加速土壤氮素的转化可能是植物成功入侵的重要机制之一.     

The Sensitivity of Moss-Associated Nitrogen Fixation towards Repeated Nitrogen Input

Nitrogen (N₂) fixation is a major source of available N in ecosystems that receive low amounts of atmospheric N deposition. In boreal forest and subarctic tundra, the feather moss Hylocomium splendens is colonized by N₂ fixing cyanobacteria that could contribute fundamentally to increase the N pool in these ecosystems. However, N₂ fixation in mosses is inhibited by N input. Although this has been shown previously, the ability of N₂ fixation to grow less sensitive towards repeated, increased N inputs remains unknown. Here, we tested if N₂ fixation in H. splendens can recover from increased N input depending on the N load (0, 5, 20, 80, 320 kg N ha^-1 yr^-1) after a period of N deprivation, and if sensitivity towards increased N input can decrease after repeated N additions. Nitrogen fixation in the moss was inhibited by the highest N addition, but was promoted by adding 5 kg N ha^-1 yr^-1, and increased in all treatments during a short period of N deprivation. The sensitivity of N₂ fixation towards repeated N additions seem to decrease in the 20 and 80 kg N additions, but increased in the highest N addition (320 kg N ha^-1 yr^-1). Recovery of N in leachate samples increased with increasing N loads, suggesting low retention capabilities of mosses if N input is above 5 kg N ha^-1 yr^-1. Our results demonstrate that the sensitivity towards repeated N additions is likely to decrease if N input does not exceed a certain threshold.