异细胞质信息八倍体小偃麦（Trititrigia 8x）的选育及其性状与细胞遗传

本实验用普通小麦“中国春”和八种异细胞质“中国春”（Ａｅｇｉｌｏｐｓ ｖａｖｉｌｏｖｉｉ）ＣＳ,（Ａｅ．ｊｕｖｅｎａｌｉｓ）ＣＳ,（Ａｅ．ｃｒａｓｓａ）ＣＳ,（Ａｅ．ｃｏｍｏｓａ）ＣＳ,（Ａｅ．ｕｎｉａｒｉｓｔａｔａ）ＣＳ,（Ａｅ．ｓｐｅｌｔｏｉｄｅｓ．Ｍ．）ＣＳ,（Ａｅ．ｋｏｔｓｃｈｙｉ）ＣＳ．（Ｔ．ｔｉｍｏｐｈｅｅｖｉ）ＣＳ分别与八倍体小偃麦（Ｔｒｉｔｉｔｒｉｇｉａ ８ｘ）“远中２”、“远中４     

杉木火力楠混交林根系的研究

杉木火力楠混交林根系的研究李振问,杨玉盛,吴擢溪,赖仕嶂（福建林学院,南平３５３００１）（福建尤溪县林业科学研究所,３６５２００）ＲｏｏｔＳｙｓｔｅｍｏｆＭｉｘｅｄＳｔａｎｄｏｆＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＦｉｒａｎｄＨｏｍａｎａ　￥ＬｉＺｈｅｎｗｅｎ;ＹａｎｇＹｕｓｈｅｎｇ（ＦｕｊｉａｎＦｏｒｅｓｔｒｙＣｏｌｌｅｇｅ,Ｎａｎｐｉｎｇ３５３００１）,ＷｕＺｈｏｕｘｉ;ＬａｉＳｈｉｚｈａｎｇ（ＦｏｒｅｓｔｒｙＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＹｏｕｘｉＣｏｕｎｔｙ,Ｆｕ－ｊｉａｎＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ３６５２００）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（１）：２０－２４。Ｔｈｅｒｏｏｔｓｙｓｔｅｍｏｆａ６－ｙｅａｒｍｉｘｅｄｓｔａｎｄｏｆＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｆｉｒａｎｄＨｏｍａｎａｉｓｓｔｕｄｉｅｄｂｙ＂ｓｏｉｌｃｏｌｕｍｎ＂ａｎｄ＂ｓｔａｎｄａｒｄｓａｍｐｌｅｔｒｅｅ＂ｍｅｔｈｏｄｓ．Ｔｈｅｆｉｎｅｒｏｏｔ（ｌｅｓｓｔｈａｎ２ｍｍｉｎｄｉａｍｅｔｅｒ）ｂｉｏｍａｓｓｏｆｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌｔｒｅｅｏｆＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｆｉｒｉｎｍｉｘｅｄｓｔａｎｄｉｓ１４．５％ｈｉｇｈｅｒｔｈａｎｉｎｐｕｒｅｓｔａｎｄ,ｗ     

Conformational Studies of Arabinoglucuronomannology (AGM)

ＣｏｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎａｌＳｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｆＡｒａｂｉｎｏｇｌｕｃｕｒｏｎｏｍａｎｎｏｌｏｇｙ（ＡＧＭ）ＩｍｓｈｉｋＬｅｅ;ＢａｉＣｈｕｎｌｉ;ＷａｎｇＣｈｅｎ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＣｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙ,ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃ...     

樟科(Lauraceae)部分属种雌蕊群维管分布格局及其系统学意义

运用石蜡切片技术,对樟科的紫楠（Ｐｈｏｅｂｅ ｓｈｅａｒｅｒｉ（Ｈｅｍｓｌ．）Ｇａｍｂｌｅ）,浙江楠（Ｐｈ．ｃｈｅｋｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ Ｓ．Ｂ．Ｓｈａｎｇ）香樟（Ｃｉｎｎａｍｏｍｕｍ ｃａｍｐｈｏｒａ （Ｌｉｎｎ．）Ｐｒｅｓｌ．）浙江桂（Ｃ．ｃｈｅｋｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ Ｎａｋａｉ）,细叶香桂（Ｃ．ｓｕｂａｖｅｎｉｕｍＭｉｑ．）、江浙山胡椒（Ｌｉｎｄｅｒａ ｃｈｉｅｎｉｉ Ｃｈｅｎｇ）、钓樟（Ｌ．ｒ     

里骆林区常绿阔叶林和人工杉木林气候水文效应

里骆林区常绿阔叶林和人工杉木林气候水文效应黄承标,文受春（广西农学院林学分院南宁５３０００１）（广西龙胜县林业局５４１７００）ＣｌｉｍａｔｉｃａｎｄＨｙｄｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＥｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆＥｖｅｒｇｒｅｅｎＢｒｏａｄ－ｌｅａｖｅｄａｎｄＡｒｔｉｆｉｃｉａｌＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＦｉｒＦｏｒｅｓｔｓｉｎＬｉｌｕｏＦｏｒｅｓｔｅｄＲｅｇｉｏｎ￥ＨｕａｎｇＣｈｅｎｇｂｉａｏ（ＦｏｒｅｓｔｒｙＣｏｌｌｅｇｅ,ＣｕａｎｇｘｉＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ,Ｎａｎｎｉｎｇ５３０００１）,ＷｅｎＳｈｏｕｃｈｕｎ（ＦｏｒｅｓｔｒｙＢｕｒｅａｕ,ＬｏｎｇｓｈｅｎｇＣｏｕｎｔｙ,Ｇｕａｎｇｘｉ５４１７００）;ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌ－ｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（３）：１－７．Ｓｉｔｅｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｏｎｓａｎｄｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｓｉｎ１９８０－１９９０ｓｈｏｗｔｈａｔｅｖｅｒｇｒｅｅｎｂｒｏａｄ－ｌｅａｖｅｄａｎｄａｒｔｉｆｉｃｉａｌＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｆｉｒｆＯｒｅｓｔｓｉｎＬｉｌｕｏｆｏｒｅｓｔｅｄｒｅｇｉｏｎｃａｎｒｅｄｕｃｅｔｈｅｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｒａｎｇｅｏｆａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃａｎｄｓｏｉｌｔ     

宽阔水自然保护区的虫草及其相关真菌I.

本文报道采用贵州省宽阔水自然保护区的９种虫草,它们是多壳虫草新咱（ＣｏｒｄｙｃｅｐｓｐｏｌｙｃａｒｐｉｃａＬｉａｎｇ＆Ｌｉｕｓｐ．ｎｏｖ）,鼠尾虫草新种（ＣｏｒｄｙｃｅｐｓｍｕｓｉｃａｕｄａｔａＬｉａｎｇｅｔＬｉｕｓｐ．ｎｏｖ）针孢虫草（ＣｏｒｄｙｃｅｐｓａｃｉｃｕｌａｒｉｓＲｅｖ．ｅｘＢｅｒｋ．）罗伯茨虫草（Ｃｏｒｄｙｃｅｐｓｒｏｂｅｒｔｓｉｉ（Ｈｏｏｋ）,Ｇｒａｙ）下垂虫草（Ｃｏｒｄｙｃｅｐｓ     

山东樱属一新变种——泰山野樱花

泰山野樱花Ｃｅｒａｓｕｓｓｅｒｕｌａｔａ（Ｌｉｎｄｌ．）Ｇ．ＤｏｎｅｘＬｏｎｄｏｎｖａｒ．ｔａｉｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓＹ．ＺｈａｎｇｅｔＣ．Ｄ．Ｓｈｉ,ｖａｒ．ｎｏｖ．ＴＹＰＥ：Ｃｈｉｎａ．Ｓｈａｎｄｏｎｇ（山东）,Ｔａｉａｎ（泰安）,Ｍｔ．Ｔａｉｓｈａ...     

宽阔水自然保护区的虫草及其相关真菌Ⅱ.

采自贵州省宽阔水自然保护区的另６种虫草,它们是娄山虫新种（ＣｏｒｄｙｃｅｐｓｌｏｕｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓＬｉａｎｇ＆Ｌｉｕｓｐ．ｎｏｖ）。绿核虫草新种（ＣｏｒｄｙｃｅｐｓａｅｒｕｇｉｎｏｓｃｌｅｒｏｔａＬｉａｎｇ＆Ｌｉｕｓｐ．Ｓｈｉｍａｚｕ）,拟暗绿虫草（ＣｏｒｄｙｃｅｐｓｐｓｅｕｄｏａｔｒｏｖｉｒｅｎｓＫｏｂ＆．Ｓｈｉｍ）,布氏虫草（ＣｏｒｄｙｃｅｐｓｂｒｏｎｇｎｉａｒｔｉｉＳｈｉｍａｚｕ）金针虫虫     

部分裸子植物叶片总蛋白分析

采用ＳＤＳ－ ＰＡＧＥ 技术, 分析了红豆杉科（Ｔａｘａｃｅａｅ） 植物南方红豆杉（ Ｔａｘｕｓ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓｖａｒ－ ｍａｉｒｅｉ （Ｌｅｍｅｅ ｅｔ Ｌｅｖｌ－） Ｃｈｅｎｇ ｅｔ Ｌ－Ｋ－Ｆｕ） 、穗花杉（ Ａｍｅｎｔｏｔａｘｕｓ ａｒｇｏｔａｅｎｉａ （Ｈａｎｃｅ） Ｐｉｌ ｇｅｒ） 、云南穗花杉（ Ａ－ ｙｕｎｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｌｉ） 、白豆杉（ Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｔａｘｕｓｃｈｉｅｎｉｉ（Ｃｈｅｎｇ） Ｃｈｅｎｇ） 以及三尖杉科（Ｃｅｐｈａｌｏｔａｘａｃｅａｅ） 、植物三尖杉（ Ｃｅｐｈａｌｏｔａｘｕｓ ｆｏｒｔｕｎｅｉ Ｈｏｏｋ－ｆ－） 、粗榧（ Ｃ－ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ （Ｒｅｈｄ－ｅｔＷｉｌｓ－） Ｌｉ） 、海南粗榧（ Ｃ－ｈａｉｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｌｉ） 、篦子三尖杉（ Ｃ－ｏｌｉｖｅｒｉ Ｍａｓｔ－） 和罗汉松科（Ｐｏｄｏｃａｒｐａｃｅａｅ） 、植 物罗汉松 （ Ｐｏｄｏｃａｒｐｕｓ ｍａｃｒｏｐｈｙｌｌｕｓ （ Ｔｈｕｎｂ－ ） Ｄ－Ｄｏｎ） 、鸡毛 松（ Ｐ－ｉｍｂｒｉｃａｔｕｓ Ｂｌ－） 、竹柏（ Ｐ－ ｎａｇｉ（Ｔｈｕｎｂ－） Ｚｏｌｌ） 、陆均松（ Ｄａｃｒｙｄｉｕｍ ｐｉｅｒｒｅｉ Ｈｉｃｋｅｌ） 共１２ 种植物的叶片蛋白, 在蛋白质水平上采用     

我国南海海龟资源的调查与保护研究现状与展望

我国南海海龟资源的调查与保护研究现状与展望王亚民（中华人民共和国农业部水产司,北京１０００２６）ＡｃｈｉｅｖｅｍｅｎｔａｎｄＰｅｒｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｏｆｔｈｅＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｓｏｎＳｏｕｔｂＣｈｉｎａＳｅａＴｕｒｔｌｅＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓａｎｄＰｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎｉｎＣｂｉｎａ￥ＷａｎｇＹａｍｉｎ（ＤｉｖｉｓｉｏｎｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅａｎｄＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ,ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＦｉｓｈｅｒｙ,Ｐｅｏｐｌｅ’ｓＲｅｐｕｂｌｉｃｏｆＣｈｉｎａＭｉｎｉｓｔｒｙｏｆＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ,Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１０００２６）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（６）：６０－６１．ＴｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｅｓｔｈｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｓｉｎｆｉｅｌｄｏｆＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａＳｅａｔｕｒｔｌｅｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓａｎｄｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎｉｎＣｈｉｎａ．ＴｈｅｒｅａｒｅｆｉｖｅｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｓｅａｔｕｒｔｌｅｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａ,ａｂｏｕｔ９０％ｏｆｔｈｅｍｌｉｖｅｉｎＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａｓｅａ。Ｄｕｒｉｎｇ１９５９－１９８８,３１８４．Ｉｔｓｅａｔｕｒｔｌｅｗｅｒｅｃａｔｃｈｅｄ（ａｂｏｕｔ     

鄂西南国家级自然保护区群——苔藓植物多样性保护的重要场所

鄂西南地区密集分布有后河、木林子、七姊妹山和星斗山四大国家级自然保护区,共同形成了一个珍稀动植物大体相近、互相补充的保护区群,为摸清鄂西南保护区群的苔藓植物组成,该文采用野外调查和文献资料整理相结合的方法,对鄂西南国家级自然保护区群内的苔藓植物丰富度和组成特征进行了分析,并与渝东南、湘西北的苔藓植物多样性进行了比较。结果表明:(1)鄂西南国家级自然保护区群共有苔藓植物77科197属601种,物种数分别占中国和湖北苔藓总数的19.89%和71.46%。其中,中国特有种27种,仅含1种的科有15科,仅含1种的属有91属。(2)鄂西南国家级保护区群内的各保护区之间的苔藓物种存在一定的相似性与互补性,符合我国生物多样性保护原则。(3)鄂西南国家级自然保护区群苔藓植物区系类型全面,物种数量也显著高于同处武陵山区的渝东南、湘西北等地区。因此,鄂西南国家级自然保护区群不仅有效地保护了大型珍稀濒危动植物,而且还孕育了丰富多彩的苔藓植物类群为苔藓植物营造了良好的居住环境,是苔藓植物多样性保护的重要场所。     

安徽石台县与青阳县苔藓植物多样性

生物多样性保护优先区域代表了生物多样性富集区、典型生态系统与关键物种分布区, 对于生物多样性保护具有重要意义, 但优先区域内自然保护地覆盖率通常较低, 存在很大的保护空缺。苔藓植物作为生物多样性的一个重要组成部分, 在生态系统中发挥着重要作用, 但由于个体细小、分类鉴定困难等, 使得其多样性保护成为整个生物多样性保护中较为薄弱的一环。为了了解我国生物多样性保护优先区域苔藓植物多样性及受保护情况, 本文以黄山-怀玉山生物多样性保护优先区域内的石台县和青阳县为例, 通过系统的样线法调查优先区域内自然保护地内、外的苔藓植物多样性, 比较了其物种组成特点及相似性。结果表明, 该区域共有苔藓植物64科140属344种, 包括苔类植物27科40属106种、藓类植物37科100属238种, 其中有5种为濒危物种。自然保护地内有60科120属270种, 保护地外有46科90属185种, 保护地内、外苔藓植物科、属、种的Jaccard相似性系数分别为0.66、0.50和0.32, 表明自然保护地内、外物种组成差异很大。与石台县和青阳县苔藓植物历史数据相比, 本研究新增苔藓植物14科64属273种, 其中包括安徽省新记录2科9属96种, 而且有18种仅分布于自然保护地外。根据对该区域物种累积曲线及外推估计分析, 当采集足够充分时, 基于标本数的物种多样性预测值为485种, 基于样线数的预测值为563种, 说明石台县和青阳县的苔藓植物多样性仍存在被低估的可能。本研究结果一方面表明了自然保护地之外的苔藓植物在保护中有重要价值, 另一方面也反映了苔藓植物的野外就地保护存在空缺。建议在我国其他生物多样性保护优先区域开展类似的调查和研究, 以期为今后对苔藓植物的分布规律及保护研究提供翔实的基础数据。     

Conservation of Portuguese red-listed bryophytes species in Portugal: Promoting a shift in perspective on climate changes

Knowledge of bryophyte diversity can be an important tool for identifying overall biodiversity hotspots. The distribution of red-listed species is an essential data for biodiversity conservation actions, and the assessment of species' response to climate change scenarios is also a key tool in future conservation strategies. In this study, we examine the response of four phytogeographic assemblages of all Portuguese red-listed bryophytes whose distributions are well documented in Portugal. The red-listed species were selected based on their vulnerability as listed in the new Atlas and Red Data book of Portuguese bryophytes according to the IUCN criteria. The main purpose of this study is to develop predictive distributions of threatened bryophytes grouped according to phytogeographic trends aiming to conserve this bryoflora in future. This is achieved by the identification of relationships between specimens' distributions and environmental ecologically meaningful data, which is known to influence different phytogeographic assemblages. Significant differences were found in all distribution models based on future climate scenarios. Several variables play a vital role in the species' distribution models in present and future environmental conditions.     

中国首批濒危苔藓植物红色名录简报

初步报道了2004年上海中国苔藓植物多样性保护国际研讨会上通过的中国首批濒危苔藓植物红色名录。名录共计82种,其中藓类植物28科、47属、50种,苔类植物12科、26属、31种和角苔类植物1科、1属、1种。根据修订的IUCN/IAB标准, 82种苔藓植物中,36种划为极危（CR）,29种划为濒危（EN）,17种划为易危（VU）。对中国首批濒危苔藓植物的地理分布特点、濒危原因及今后的保护行动也进行了初步讨论。     

Vascular plant and bryophytes species representation in the protected areas network on the national scale

The complexity of nature conservation raises questions about biodiversity protection at the level of species as well as their spatial distribution between differently designated nature conservation areas. We have concentrated on comparison of the existing protected areas and recently established conservation initiative areas—Important Plant Areas. We have estimated how well these areas support the protection of two plant groups—bryophytes and vascular plants. We sought answers to the following questions: (a) are there any trends in the distribution of protected bryophyte and vascular plant species in the protected areas network, and (b) does the Important Plant Areas network promote better protection of bryophyte species compared with the existing protected areas network. Our results demonstrated that bryophytes need special care in nature conservation decisions to reach the reasonable conservation target. Important Plant Areas that were targeted to vascular plants have less importance in preserving bryophyte diversity than already existing conservation areas system. Conservation programs like IBA, IPA etc. have their specific tool and outcome to add conservation values to the existing protected areas system.     

Community concordance between bryophyte and insect assemblages in boreal springs: a broad-scale study in isolated habitats

1. We examined species–environment relationships and community concordance between aquatic bryophytes and insects in boreal springs. We sampled bryophytes (Marchantiophyta and Bryophyta), benthic macroinvertebrates and environmental variables in 138 springs in Finland, spanning a latitudinal gradient of 1000 km. Macroinvertebrates were subdivided into two groups: Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera and Coleoptera (EPTC taxa) and chironomid midges (Diptera; Chironomidae). Our aim was to test whether EPTC taxa could be used as surrogates in biodiversity surveys and bioassessment for the two less-well known organism groups, chironomids and bryophytes.
2. Bryophyte assemblages were clearly differentiated along gradients in thermal conditions and water chemistry (pH, conductivity). Chironomids and EPTC were also differentiated in relation to thermal conditions and, to a lesser extent, physical habitat variables, but were only weakly associated to spring water chemistry. Chironomid and EPTC assemblages were more concordant with each other than with bryophytes, but all concordances were relatively weak.
3. Our results suggest that even if the overall compositional patterns of the three taxonomic groups were significantly concordant, the relative importance of environmental drivers underlying their community compositions differed strongly. The results thus imply that spring bryophytes and insects are relatively poor surrogates for each other. The proportion of spring specialists was highest in bryophytes, promoting their primacy for spring bioassessment and biodiversity conservation. We suggest that adequate variation in water chemistry be assured to protect spring bryophyte biodiversity, whereas preserving the physical variation of springs is more important for macroinvertebrates.     

生物多样性保护优先区对重庆苔藓植物多样性保护的重要性

生物多样性保护优先区的生物多样性十分丰富, 对于生物多样性保护具有重要意义。本文基于野外调查数据和文献资料, 整合大巴山和武陵山两个中国生物多样性保护优先区重庆境内的苔藓植物名录, 通过分析物种丰富度、中国特有种和受威胁物种, 比较了这两个地区的苔藓植物组成特点和相似性。结果显示, 两个保护优先区重庆境内共有苔藓植物77科221属722种, 其物种数分别占重庆市和中国苔藓植物总种数的76.0%和23.9%。两个区域分布有中国特有苔藓植物56种, 占中国苔藓植物总种数的1.9%; 分布有极危苔藓植物1种、濒危4种和易危3种。科、属、种的Jaccard相似性系数分别为0.7、0.6和0.3, 表明两个区域物种组成差异较大。大巴山和武陵山两个中国生物多样性保护优先区都具有较高的苔藓植物物种多样性, 其种类组成具有一定代表性, 对重庆市和中国苔藓植物多样性保护具有重要价值。     

赤水河上游主要森林植被中苔藓物种多样性研究

对赤水河上游典型森林植被中苔藓植物多样性调查分析。(1)苔藓植物有15科19属28种(含变种、亚种);生活型有3种：交织型(64.29%)、矮丛集型(28.57%)和平铺型(7.14%)。(2)丰富度以竹叶林中最大(2.131),残存阔叶林中次之(0.687),针叶林中最小(-1.444)。(3)α多样性呈现一定的规律,竹叶林（3.170）＞残存阔叶林（3.000）＞人工植被地（2.807）＞灌木林（2.322）＞针叶林=谷顶区(1.585),α多样性的排序规律与丰富度基本保持一致,均出现在竹叶林中最大。(4)β多样性出现灌木林—残存阔叶林生境中最高（1.000）,竹叶林—残存阔叶林中次之（0.938）,灌木林—针叶林（0.857）中最小的变化差异趋势。分析得出了植被型、湿度和荫蔽度是制约着该地区苔藓植物多样性的主要生态因素。通过苔藓植物多样性的探究,为保护该流域生态环境和生物多样性提供参考价值。     

中国生物多样性就地保护的研究与实践

中国是世界上生物多样性最丰富的地区之一,但面临着较大的生态衰退风险。中国生物多样性受到的威胁来自包括人口众多、经济发展模式单一落后、工业化进程加快、气候变化和外来物种入侵等多种因素。生物多样性的就地保护对于维护国家生态安全具有重要意义,同时也是中国可持续发展的需要。本文就中国生物多样性就地保护的研究成果和保护成就进行了回顾,提出了未来应该着重加强的研究领域。中国生物多样性的就地保护研究与实践主要集中在生物多样性资源调查、濒危物种管理和自然保护区建设等方面。中国政府在生物多样性就地保护领域开展了大量卓有成效的工作,发布实施了一系列的保护行动规划,不断提高了生物多样性的保护水平。中国的生物多样性就地保护经过了由数量发展到质量发展的阶段后,未来的研究重点应该集中在生物多样性形成与维持机制、生物多样性受胁原因与响应机制、生物多样性长期监测与评估、自然保护区有效管理和自然保护区立法等方面。     

Little,but increasing evidence of impacts by alien bryophytes

Based on data of bryophyte invasions into 82 regions on five continents of both hemispheres, we aim here at a first comprehensive overview of the impacts that bryophytes may have on biodiversity and socio-economy. Of the 139 bryophytes species which are alien in the study regions seven cause negative impacts on biodiversity in 26 regions, whereas three species cause negative impacts on socio-economic sectors in five regions. The vast majority of impacts stem from anecdotal observations, whereas only 14 field or experimental studies (mostly on Campylopus introflexus in Europe) have quantitatively assessed the impacts of an alien bryophyte. The main documented type of impact on biodiversity is competition (8 alien bryophytes), with native cryptogams being most affected. In particular, C. introflexus (9 regions) and Pseudoscleropodium purum (7 regions) affect resident species composition. The few socio-economic impacts are caused by alien bryophytes which form dense mats in lawns and are then considered a nuisance. Most negative impacts on biodiversity have been recorded in natural grasslands, forests, and wetlands. Impacts of alien bryophytes on biodiversity and socio-economy are a recent phenomenon, with >85 % of impacts on biodiversity, and 80 % of impacts on socio-economy recorded since 1990. On average, 40 years (impacts on biodiversity) and 25 years (impacts on socio-economy) elapsed between the year a bryophyte species has been first recorded as alien in a region and the year impacts have been recorded first. Taking into account the substantial time lag between first record and first recorded impact in a region, it seems to be likely that the currently moderate impacts of alien bryophytes will continue to increase. As quantitative studies on impacts of alien bryophytes are rare and restricted to few environments and biogeographic regions, there is a need for addressing potential impacts of alien bryophytes in yet understudied settings.