首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
鳃是水生动物中最常见的呼吸器官,在长期的进化过程中形成了各种类型.简述了鳃的常见类型及其特点,对相关概念做了归纳、比较及澄清.  相似文献   

2.
中国广西金线鲃属盲鱼一新种及其生境(鲤科,鲃亚科)   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
2002年8月28日在广西田林县平山乡一洞穴地下河中采到1尾鱼类标本,经鉴定为鲤科鲃亚科金线鲃属鱼类1新种,定名为田林金线鲃Sinocyclocheilus tianlinensis sp.nov.。鉴别特征:眼退化;吻突出,呈鸭嘴状;头后部急剧隆起,形成一向前不分叉的额骨;新鲜标本体半透明。新种与白斑金线鲃S.albeoguttatus、鸭嘴金线鳃S.anatirostris、无眼金线鲃S.anophthalmus和透明金线鲃S.hyalinus较相近,而与其他已知种不同。模式标本保存中国科学院动物研究所。  相似文献   

3.
4.
本文记述了索鳃金龟属SophropsFairmaire4新种,无距索鳃金龟S.acdlcarium,细体索鳃金龟S.stenocorpus,粉臀索鳃金龟,S.pruinosipyga和漾濞索鳃金龟S.yangbiensis。模式标本保存在沈阳农业大学植保系昆虫标本室。  相似文献   

5.
白鲢鳃部血管的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
孟庆闻  樊恩源 《动物学报》1990,36(2):106-109
本文用甲基丙烯酸甲脂铸型技术,配合扫描电镜,研究白鲢鳃部血管的分布。鳃区具有双血液循环,动脉—动脉循环,主司血液与水体间气体交换;动脉—静脉循环主司鳃区营养交换。入鳃丝动脉上具有膨大的“血泡”结构,可能起“鳃心”作用,当鳃丝内收时将血液输送入入鳃动脉。伪鳃鳃小片彼此排列紧密,这种结构似不利于气体交换,可能没有什么呼吸功能。  相似文献   

6.
采用RAPD技术和杂交方法对东北大黑鳃金龟(Holotrichia diomphalia Bates1888)和华北大黑鳃金龟(H.oblita(Faldermann1935)的分类地位进行了研究。作者应用40条引物,采用UPDGA法对华北大黑的南京和文登种群。东北大黑的沈阳种群。以及其外群矮臀鳃金龟(H.ernesti Reitter)进行了RAPD分析。所建立的系统发育树显示,东北大黑具有与华北大黑两个地理种群相同的分类地位。同时,作者对两种金龟甲进行了正反交的杂交试验。试验共得到21头正交F1代成虫,3头反交F1代成虫,F1代生活正常,采用东北大黑与F1代回交的方法研究F1代的可育性,2001年6月10日的检查结果显示,四个处理均得到大量回交杂种一龄幼虫和少量二龄幼虫,F1代的雌雄虫均具有正常的生殖力。以上结果表明;两种金龟的次异名。为无效名。  相似文献   

7.
鱼鳃的构造及其生理机能   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
鳃是鱼类的呼吸器官,主要承担气体交换任务。此外,鳃还具有排泄氮代谢废物和参与渗透压调节的重要功能。 (一)鳃的一般构造及其呼吸运动鱼鳃位咽腔两侧,对称排列,形状略似梳子(图2)。板鳃鱼类一般有5对鳃裂,少数6对或7对。硬骨鱼类多为5对,相邻两鳃裂中间的间  相似文献   

8.
本文记述中国新纪录正鳃金龟属Malaisius Arrow(1941)及4个新种——云南松正鳃金龟Malaisius pinae,介正鳃金龟M.intermedius,背黑正鳃金龟M.melanodiscus及闽正鳃金龟M.fujianensls。结合4新种之特征,重新描述了本属属征,指出正鳃金龟属与歪鳃金龟属Cyphochilus Waterheuse近缘。  相似文献   

9.
华北大黑鳃金龟幼虫血细胞的超微结构观察   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
应用光学和电子显微镜技术检查了华北大黑鳃金龟3龄幼虫血淋巴内的血细胞,识别出5种类型的血细胞(原血胞、浆血胞、颗粒血胞、珠血胞和凝血胞)并对每一种血细胞的超微结构特点进行描述。  相似文献   

10.
范永贵 《昆虫知识》1992,29(2):83-85
<正> 大黑鳃金龟 Holotrichia oblita Falder-mann在山东省多为二年发生1代,以成虫和幼虫隔年交替越冬,是农作物的重要地下害虫。由于该成虫趋光性弱,飞翔力不强,夜晚扑灯量很少,尤其是早春气温低,利用黑光灯诱集较为  相似文献   

11.
鳙鳃上台湾棘带吸虫囊蚴的感染   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0  
从1993年8月到1994年11月,对感染台湾棘带吸虫囊蚴的鳙鳃丝、鳃耙进行了为期16个月的调查研究表明鳃丝、鳃耙的感染率范围为0-100%(83.33±25.47%)、(61.13±44.45%),感染强度范围分别为0-109.15(54.89±34.09)、0-125.57(41.18±49.34),囊蚴的平均密度范围分别为0-97.76(46.94±26.25),0-125.57(40.61±49.71);当鳙体长小于90mm时,鳃丝、鳃耙的感染率、感染强度、囊蚴的平均密度随着其体长的增大而增长;当体长大于90mm时,三项指标随着其体长的增大具有减小的趋势,其中鳃耙的变化规律明显;当体长大于141.7mm时,鳃耙的感染率、感染强度、囊蚴的平均密度都为0;随着鳙的生长,鳃丝囊蚴所占的比例逐渐增大,从0增加到100%,而鳃耙囊蚴所占的比例逐渐减小,从100%下降到0。  相似文献   

12.
通过对鳙为期16个月的定期取样研究发现,1993年8月到1994年3月,台湾棘带吸虫的囊蚴主要分布在鳃耙上,1994年4月至11月,囊蚴则主要分布在鳃丝上;当鳙体长范围为30-90mm时,囊蚴主要分布在鳃耙上,当体长大于90mm时,囊蚴主要分布在鳃丝上,随着鳙的生长,鳃丝囊蚴所占的比例逐渐增大,从0增加到100%,而鳃耙囊蚴所占的比例逐渐减小,从100%下降到0;不同月份、不同体长组鳙其不同组鳃丝囊蚴分布规律相同,第2组鳃丝囊蚴分布较多,第3、第1、第4组鳃丝囊蚴分布依次减少:其不同组鳃耙囊蚴分布规律也相同,总是第1组鳃耙囊蚴分布较多,其余依次为第2、第3、第4组鳃耙;囊蚴在鳙鳃丝和鳃耙上的分布都呈聚集分布,且聚集的强度随囊蚴内种群密度的增高而增高。  相似文献   

13.
The secondary gill of the pulmonate limpet Siphonaria capensisis located in the dorsal portion of the mantle cavity. Eachlamella of the gill is triangular in shape and bears ciliarytufts which have a density of about 400/mm2. The free ends ofsome of the cilia are enlarged biconcave discs. Each gill lamellais covered by a single layer of cuboidal (4x4 µm) epitheliumon each side, separated by a central haemocoelic space. Ciliatedand mucus secreting cells are interspersed amongst the epithelialcells. The haemocoelic space is spanned at intervals by trabeculaecontaining longitudinal and transverse muscle fibres. (Received 29 August 1986;  相似文献   

14.
研究采用组织学方法观察和比较了达里诺尔湖瓦氏雅罗鱼(Leuciscus waleckii, 碱水种)和松花江瓦氏雅罗鱼(淡水种)在相同碳酸盐碱度胁迫下(CA0、CA30和CA50)鳃组织结构的差异, 探究瓦氏雅罗鱼碱水种耐高碱特性与鳃组织结构微观调整的适应性关系。结果显示, 随着碱度增加, 碱水种鳃丝变宽、鳃小片变长、鳃小片间距变大(P<0.05); 淡水种鳃丝变宽、鳃小片间距变大(P<0.05), 鳃小片长度在CA30时显著变长(P<0.05), 而在CA50时与对照组无明显差异(P>0.05)。碱水种在CA30和CA50的氯细胞数量与对照组相比明显增加, CA50的氯细胞排列更加紧密并且有叠加现象, 扁平上皮细胞变大, 细胞表面增厚; 淡水种在CA30时的氯细胞数量明显多于CA50, 但在碱度胁迫下, 鳃小片出现破损, 扁平上皮细胞、柱细胞和血细胞融合、脱落现象严重。另外, 在碱水种和淡水种鳃耙上皮细胞中发现了大量黏液细胞分泌, 随着碱度增加, 黏液细胞由大而稀疏变为小而密集, 其中碱水种的黏液细胞数量较淡水种多, 而且排列更为整齐、密集。鳃组织学研究结果表明, 瓦氏雅罗鱼碱水种通过保持鳃组织结构和生理功能的完整性达到对高碱环境的长期适应, 而淡水种则因鳃细胞融合、脱落造成生理功能丧失, 不能长期适应高碱环境。研究结果可为淡水鱼类在盐碱水的移植驯化提供依据和指导。  相似文献   

15.
利用Playle等设计的装置研究了不同pH条件及不同的铜暴露水平下鲤鳃部微环境pH值和粘液分泌量的变化,在此基础上用化学平衡计算方法探讨鱼鳃微环境中铜形态的变化。结果表明,在特定的pH和铜浓度范围内,鱼鳃微环境平衡pH略低于7,鱼鳃粘液分泌量随铜暴露水平提高而增加,与此同时,虽然CO2分泌量有所增加,没有观察到微环境pH随铜暴露量的变化。pH的升高,导致水相优势的游离态铜让位给羟基络合铜,粘液络合态铜的分额逐渭降低,但不会改变其络合当量与条件稳定络合常数。由于鱼鳃微环境对pH改变的调节作用,铜的形态分布变化幅度低于外部环境。  相似文献   

16.
SUMMARY

Lake Liambezi, situated in the Linyanti Swamp, Caprivi, is inhabited by 43 fish species. Population estimates with seine nets, rotenone and explosives gave values of 74 to 157 kg ha?1. The composition of seine net catches differed markedly from gill net catches where non-Cichlids form a majority. Results of a fleet of gill nets show that best catches of 25 kg 50 m?1 net night?1 can be made with 60 mm mesh nets, catching predominantly non-Cichlids (Marcusenius macrolepidotus, Schilbe mystus, Synodontis spp.). A small commercial fishery is established on the lake, with 60 active fishermen using large mesh (100–150 mm) gill nets. Their catch consists mainly of cichlids (Sarotherodon andersoni and S. macrochir) and Clarias spp. Production figures dropped from 637 ton in 1973–74 to 115 ton in 1975–76. This drop is ascribed to reduced effort as well as a reduction in catch per unit effort. Recommendations are made to utilise the fishery potential of Lake Liambezi in a more balanced way by introducing small mesh gill nets to harvest non-Cichlid populations.  相似文献   

17.
为揭示褶纹冠蚌钩介幼虫变态发育特征及过程,采用体外培养方法实现了褶纹冠蚌钩介幼虫的非寄生变态发育。运用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对变态发育过程中幼虫外部形态、内部器官发育进行了系列观察,对非寄生变态发育的稚蚌后期生长发育进行跟踪研究,并分析了底泥和光照两种环境因子对稚蚌存活及生长的影响。结果显示:在整个培养过程中,钩介幼虫的外部形态及大小未出现显著性变化,而斧足、鳃丝、外套膜及内脏团等组织器官逐步形成;在培养第3天,幼虫可见斧足雏形,鳃丝、外套膜纤毛尚未发现;在培养第6天,斧足成形,可见斧足侧沟,外套膜纤毛稀疏,鳃丝出现;培养第9天,斧足纤毛、外套膜纤毛增多,鳃丝密集。稚蚌投喂30d后,鳃丝基本成形。养殖试验结果表明:底泥对稚蚌存活和生长具有显著影响(P < 0.01),而光照无显著性影响(P>0.05)。该结果为蚌科钩介幼虫变态发育生物学研究积累了基础资料,也通过对稚蚌生长的评估证实了体外培养是蚌类人工繁育及保护的有效技术途径。  相似文献   

18.
THE STRUCTURE OF FISH GILLS IN RELATION TO THEIR RESPIRATORY FUNCTION   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
1. The general structure of the gills of different fishes is compared and it is concluded that, though essentially the same, there are certain differences by which they can be recognized. Possible ways in which they may have evolved from one another are considered. 2. A detailed account is given of the structure of the secondary lamellae, where gaseous exchange takes place, and it is shown that two epithelial sheets are separated by a vascular axis mainly composed of pillar cells overlain by a basement membrane on each side. Blood pathways through the gills are discussed in relation to their respiratory function. 3. The embryonic development of gills is described and evidence regarding homo-logies of different structures, particularly the pillar cells, is reviewed. 4. The gills of fish having different modes of life show variations in (a) the number of arches, (b) the number and length of the gill filaments, and (c) the size and frequency of the secondary lamellae. Ways in which measurements of gill area may be carried out and some of the complications involved are reviewed and a summary given of measurements made for a wide variety of species. Measurements of the thickness of the water-blood barrier are also discussed; the more active fish generally have thinner water-blood barriers and larger gill areas. 5. The different mechanisms of gill ventilation are summarized and characteristics of gill resistance in elasmobranchs and teleosts are compared. Gas exchange is discussed in relation to available techniques and the current terminology and symbols, and to indicate the value of analogies between gill exchangers and systems studied by engineers. 6. It is outlined how studies of the functioning of gills during coughing, parasitic infection, and in polluted waters add to knowledge of their role in respiration.  相似文献   

19.
The toxicity of solutions of ammonia to fish in different dilution waters showed a variation which was not entirely related to the concentration of the un-ionized ammonia molecule. Evidence is presented which shows that this variation can be attributed to the increase in the concentration of free carbon dioxide at the gill surface, which causes a decrease in both the pH value and the concentration of unionized ammonia present; the extent of the decrease depends on the initial concentration of free carbon dioxide in the bulk of the solution. Quantitative measurements of the relation between the free carbon dioxide concentration of the water and the toxicity of un-ionized ammonia are correlated with a theoretical estimation of the pH value of the water at the gill surface.  相似文献   

20.
寄生鳜鱼鳃部河鲈锚首吸虫的摄食特点   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0  
本文报道了鳜鱼[Sinipercachuatsi(Basilewsky)]鳃上寄生的河鲈锚首吸虫[Ancyrocephalusmogurndae(Gussev)]的食物组成及其能量储存的形式。联苯胺—过氧化物酶染色显示河鲈锚首吸虫摄食宿主的血液,过碘酸Schiff氏反应显示其也摄食宿主的粘液。尽管在河鲈锚首吸虫的肠腔发现残余的细胞,但这些细胞是否为宿主的鳃组织细胞尚待进一步的研究证实。河鲈锚首吸虫体内储存有大量的脂肪,表明有氧代谢的存在并可能是能量供给的主要形式,尽管在虫体的实质中也有糖原的存在。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号