关于火场尸体的法医学检验探究

火场中如果有尸体存在,那么不管烧损程度以及所处位置如何,均不允许轻易予以火化处理,而应对死者身份进行严格调查,确定其所属单位、性别、年龄,以及死者和火灾之间存在何种关系,总而言之,应通过科学调查和分析来确定火场尸体的来由以便采取后续处理措施。     

道路交通事故的法医学鉴定

本文结合相关专业及多年的工作经验,通过对交通事故的案例分析对道路交通事故的概念、道路交通中尸体检验与司法鉴定的内容和方法,以及法医学尸体检验与法医学鉴定在道路交通事故中的重要作用等问题展开分析与讨论,为交通事故的调查和处理以及相关的尸体检验工作提供指导.     

11例吸毒死亡法医学鉴定回顾性研究分析

目的：奉文时吸毒及体内藏毒死亡法医学尸体检验与鉴定中的相关问题进行回顾性研究。强调该类法医学鉴定中应该特别注意的问题。方法：将2003年初至2006年底昆明市及周边地区11例吸毒死亡法医学鏊定案例进行回顾性研究分析,同时对毒品作用机理、死亡原因、吸毒流行病学特征、吸毒死亡者的病理组织学特征、体内藏毒死亡特征、吸毒死亡法医学尸体检验与鉴定应注意的问题等进行论述。结果：吸毒或体内藏毒死亡的法医学尸体检验与鉴定具有一定的形态学特征,吸毒死亡法医学检验与鉴定工作具有相当的难度。结论：吸毒及体内藏毒死亡法医学尸体检验与鉴定,必须在充分进行尸体剖验的基础上并结合毒物检验、现场勘验、案情调查、临床表现和死亡经过等资料进行充分的案情研究并排除其他原因致死,才能得出正确的结论。     

论故意伤害案中人体损伤程度的法医学鉴定

随着社会的进步与发展,一些犯罪行为也越来越猖狂,给人们的生命财产安全造成了极大的威胁。近年来,我国社会故意伤害的事件频频发生,这些事件的发生往往会引起各种纠纷,其中伤害事件中人体损伤程度成为解决事件的主要依据。本文就故意伤害案中人体损伤程度的法医学鉴定进行了相关的分析。     

个体化健康教育在住院艾滋病病人中的应用

艾滋病是目前尚不可治愈的传染性疾病,是一个新的社会和卫生问题,该病的防治是现代医学发展中的重大课题。作为护理工作者,了解艾滋病者的心理状况,建立良好的护患沟通交流平台和社会支持,使病人自愿采纳有利于健康的行为和生活方式,消除或减轻影响健康的危险因素,则为消除社会歧视,提高病人生活质量和维护社会稳定打下好的基础。2000年5月～2005年12月,我们先后对48例艾滋病（AIDS）／HIV感染病人在住院期间进行针对性健康教育,取得了满意的效果,现报告如下。     

合并外伤史的SLE法医学鉴定及死因竞争的讨论

目的:本文通过1例患者临床诊断为系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)8天后死亡且在确诊本病前5个月患者曾有头部外伤史的案例,结合法医学尸体检验及临床资料进行SLE死因诊断,同时对SLE法医学死因鉴定问题进行讨论.方法:根据外伤程度、临床资料及法医学鉴定并结合国内外的最新文献资料,对本案例中各相关因素进行综合分析讨论.结果:在本例中外伤不能直接导致患者死亡,外伤程度也不足以引起癫痫抽搐.结论:本例系SLE并发多器官功能衰竭合并肺部感染死亡.     

电子计算机在厌氧菌鉴定中的应用

本文介绍了鉴定厌氧菌的微量系统配以电子计算机诊断,提高了鉴定效果。经356株参考菌株和临床分离菌株的检测,87.6%的菌株可鉴定到种,97.4%菌株鉴定到属。种水平上诊断错误的占12.6%,属水平上诊断错误的仅占2.6%.没有菌株不能诊断。与国外已成商品的鉴定系统相比,无论是鉴定到种还是属,其水平都较高。     

全身大面积挫伤伴多根肋骨骨折、闭合性气胸并多系统器官衰竭死亡的法医学鉴定

目的:对一例全身大面积机械性损伤致死及由之所致的多系统器官衰竭死亡病例的相关问题进行讨论分析。方法:回顾性分析该病例的临床资料并对其行详细认真的尸体检验与死因鉴定。结果:本案尸检、临床所见及相关实验室检查已证实伤者因钝性暴力作用于全身软组织致使大面积软组织挫伤,多发性肋骨骨折并因多系统器官功能衰竭死亡。讨论:在整个病程中多器官系统的功能衰竭并非各自独立分别发生,而是互相影响,互相作用甚至互为因果恶性循环的结果,这在本例的临床病历资料中已充分体现。因此,在进行机械性损伤致死的法医学鉴定中,应注意区分多系统器官功能衰竭和挤压综合症的鉴别问题。     

试论中国法医学司法鉴定体制的现状及其未来改革方向

随着我国社会的发展与进步,作为我国司法鉴定工作中重要组成部分的法医学司法鉴定也在与时俱进地进行改革,以促进我国司法鉴定工作的公开、公平和公正,与此同时,这也是顺应时代发展和社会进步的需求。本文通过对当前中国法医学司法鉴定体制的种类进行总结,分析该体制在现实司法鉴定工作中的利与弊,并在此基础上对中国法医学司法鉴定体制未来的改革方向进行探讨。     

吡咯烷酮芳胺酶实验在肠杆菌鉴定中的应用

目的：利用吡咯烷酮芳胺酶（L－Pyrrolidonyl-β－naphthylamide,PYR)实验快速鉴别肠杆菌科细菌。方法：检测细菌的PYR,以色原为底物,采用斑点法,对115株肠杆菌科细菌进行鉴定,结果：大肠埃希菌,弧菌属,奇异变形杆菌,沙门菌属均为阳性,枸椽酸杆菌,肠杆菌属,克雷伯菌属均为阴性,结论：应用PYR水解实验能简便,快速区别枸橼酸杆菌与大肠埃希菌和沙门菌,尤其鉴别费劳地枸橼酸杆菌和沙门菌更为有用。     

The seedbanks of the Breckland heaths and heath grasslands, eastern England, and their relationship to the vegetation and the effects of management

The vegetation and the associated germinable seedbank of a range of heath and grass heath communities in Breckland, eastern England, were compared. The composition of vegetation and seedbank were similar for heather-dominated communities due to the predominance of Calluna vulgaris . Recent rotovation of previously heather-dominated communities invaded by Deschampsia flexuosa reduced the number of emerging C. vulgaris seedlings by more than 80%. The composition of seedbanks of calcicolous grasslands differed considerably from the vegetation, with a significant contribution from many ruderal species not present in the vegetation and an absence of important species such as Pilosella officinarum. Acidic grasslands were intermediate between calcicolous grasslands and heather-dominated heathlands, with seedbanks characterized by high densities of Rumex acetosella and a number of ruderal species that were absent or rare in the vegetation. The composition of the seedbank of more mesotrophic grasslands suggests that the imposition of some form of disturbance may recreate more open grasslands typical of Breckland.     

30例病毒性心肌炎法医病理学分析

目的:回顾性分析30例病毒性心肌炎的法医病理学特点,为病毒性心肌炎的法医学鉴定提供依据。方法:采用昆明医科大学司法鉴定中心2003年至2014年的30例病毒性心肌炎法医病理鉴定案例进行回顾性分析。结果:30例死亡原因均为病毒性心肌炎致急性心功能障碍死亡,大多为重型病毒性心肌炎,均累及心肌损害,心肌细胞水肿,基质溶解坏死;心肌肌间多量淋巴细胞浸润;局部心肌束排列紊乱,间质纤维组织增生,同时不同程度伴有肺、脑、扁桃体等器官组织的损害。结论:重型病毒性心肌炎起病急,临床症状不典型,进程快,易造成误诊误治,死亡率高,产生医疗纠纷,需要法医学鉴定。病毒性心肌炎法医学鉴定时,以心脏大体所见和组织学观察为主要依据,同时还要特别注意其他机械性损伤,辨别每个死亡原因之间的关系,必要时结合特殊检查,例如对趋化因子MCP-1的检测。     

北美法医昆虫学年会及其论文简介

北美法医昆虫学第1,2届年会于2003年8月7～9日和2004年7月21～24日分别在美国内华达州拉斯维加斯和加利福尼亚州戴维斯召开,大会论文涉及到了案例分析、分类鉴定、教学、死后间隔时间推断和死亡原因查找等诸多方面。文章介绍了北美法医昆虫学年会,并对北美法医昆虫学第1,2届年会论文的相关内容进行总结分析。     

Isolation of alveolar epithelial cells from lung tissue obtained at autopsy

Summary Lung alveolar epithelial cells have been studied in a variety of laboratory animal models, and studies of human alveolar epithelial cells are important for comparison to information obtained from animal studies. Autopsy material is a source of human cells for study. Studies of human autopsy material revealed variables that negatively affected the yield of viable cells. For specimens from adults, these included death greater than 12 h before cell isolation, obvious severe lung fibrosis, longstanding metabolic disorders, and lung congestion indicated by weight of the right middle lobe greater than 150 g. Samples from children yielded significant numbers of viable cells up to 18 h after death. For 17 specimens that conformed to the above criteria, approximately 8.5×10⁶ alveolar cells were obtained per gram of tissue (tissue weights ranged from 30 to 108 g) using a procedure involving instillation of proteases into the airways. The cells could be further fractionated, and 10 to 15% of the mixed cells obtained were type II pneumocytes. Analysis of NADPH cytochrome-c-reductase distribution in subcellar fractions provided evidence that the cells obtained were intact. Phospholipid enzyme activities and synthetic activity were within the ranges previously found in laboratory studies of freshly obtained animal lungs. These results suggest that significant numbers of viable and functional human lung cells, including type II pneumocytes, can be obtained from autopsy material. This research was supported by a grant (HL 33083) from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD.     

Effects of education, vaccination and treatment on HIV transmission in homosexuals with genetic heterogeneity

Genetic studies report the existence of a mutant allele Delta32 of CCR5 chemokine receptor gene at high allele frequencies (approximately 10%) in Caucasian populations. The presence of this allele is believed to provide partial or full resistance to HIV. In this study, we look at the impact of education, temporarily effective vaccines and therapies on the dynamics of HIV in homosexually active populations. In our model, it is assumed that some individuals possess one or two mutant alleles (like Delta32 of CCR5) that prevent the successful invasion or replication of HIV. Our model therefore differentiates by genetic and epidemiological status and naturally ignores the reproduction process. Furthermore, HIV infected individuals are classified as rapid, normal or slow progressors. In this complex setting, the basic reproductive number R0 is derived in various situations. The separate or combined effects of therapies, education, vaccines, and genetic resistance are analyzed. Our results support the conclusions of Hsu Schmitz that some integrated intervention strategies are far superior to those based on a single approach. However, treatment programs may have effects which counteract each other, as may genetic resistance.