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1.
采用多样性指数、变异系数和聚类分析等方法,对国内外72份甜高粱种质资源24个性状进行遗传多样性研究。结果表明,14个质量性状中粒色的遗传多样性指数最高为1.6333,幼苗色和结实形式的遗传多样性指数最低为0,平均为0.7460;10个数量性状中穗长、茎粗、锤度、单穗粒重、单株秆重、出汁率、千粒重、株高、穗重、生育期都存在较大的变异,变异系数幅度为7.85%~53.01%,各性状多样性指数均较大,平均2.0061;穗长的多样性指数最大,为2.1383,生育期多样性指数最小,为1.7331,表明新疆现有甜高粱资源拥有丰富的遗传多样性。聚类分析将72份资源划分为四大类。  相似文献   

2.
对甘肃省东部7个地区30个县海拔953~2024 m、33°44'~36°04'N范围内的高粱地方品种资源进行了考察征集,新征集到高粱品种资源128份。在统一鉴定的基础上采用变异系数、多样性指数和聚类分析方法,对8个质量性状、8个数量性状的遗传多样性进行了分析,结果表明:128份高粱地方品种资源主要性状平均遗传多样性指数1.172;穗粒重遗传多样性指数最高为1.468,芒性遗传多样性指数最低仅0.627;穗型变异系数最高为62.99%,生育期变异系数最低只有3.99%。在7个地区中,庆阳地区征集资源的遗传多样性指数最高为1.186;兰州地区征集的品种资源遗传多样性指数最低仅为0.373。聚类分析表明,128份品种资源可分为6大类,6大类中都有庆阳和定西地区的品种资源,说明庆阳、定西地区新征集到的高粱资源遗传多样性最为丰富。  相似文献   

3.
中国绿豆种质资源遗传多样性研究   总被引:11,自引:4,他引:7  
分析中国作物种质资源数据库中5072份国内绿豆资源的地理分布,并对14个性状(6个质量性状和8个数量性状)进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明:我国绿豆种质资源分布在约28个纬度、60个经度内,其中29~41°N×107~123°E范围内分布最多,占总材料数的75.99%。6个质量性状中荚色的遗传多样性指数最高,而8个数量性状中百粒重的遗传多样性指数最高。35~37°N×111~115°E、37~39°N×111~115°E、39~41°N×115~119°E、41~43°N×115~119°E几个小区遗传多样性指数较高,可初步推断中国绿豆资源遗传多样性中心在35~43°N×111~119°E范围内。  相似文献   

4.
通过对146份贵州猕猴桃种质资源表型遗传多样性的研究,为贵州猕猴桃品种选育打下基础,对146份不同区域猕猴桃种质资源48个质量性状进行描述、赋值,并结合单果重等9个数量性状,使用主成分分析、聚类分析等进行综合评价。结果表明,57个质量性状和数量性状均存在丰富的多样性和变异性;146份资源的Shannon’s遗传多样性指数为1.28,从各区域遗传多样性指数可以看出,演化进程上从遗传多样性指数高的地区向低的地区进行演化;主成分分析结果显示,前14个主成分累计贡献率达75.076%,其中前6个主成分的累计贡献率达51.911%,为提高品种选育和评价的工作效率,可将猕猴桃种质资源的描述指标简化为新梢被毛、果实被毛等18个性状;聚类结果显示,贵州猕猴桃种质的欧氏距离为1.00~25.00之间,在D=19.25处,146份野生猕猴桃分为6个类群。本文有效揭示了贵州省猕猴桃种质资源丰富的多样性和亲缘关系,明确野生猕猴桃各种群间性状区分特征和部分优良资源性状的地理分布,对贵州猕猴桃种质资源的种质鉴定、保护利用和品种选育有重要意义。  相似文献   

5.
基于遗传和表型特征的海岛棉遗传多样性分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
依据海岛棉种质资源的遗传及表型特征对其遗传多样性进行研究非常重要,可为海岛棉杂交育种选配亲本、引进新的种质资源拓宽优异基因范围以及培育海岛棉新品种提供理论根据。本研究通过利用125对SSR分子标记鉴定结果和13个农艺性状2年田间表型调查结果,对94份海岛棉种质资源进行遗传多样性分析,将这些材料按照遗传和表型特征进行类群的划分和比较,结果表明:(1)通过标记分析共检测到420个位点,其中249个为多态性位点,并应用Nei-Li相似系数法对94份材料间的遗传相似系数进行评估,发现94份海岛棉资源材料的遗传相似系数在0.46~0.95之间浮动,同时利用SSR分子标记将94份海岛棉资源材料划分为4大类群,分类结果与系谱分析基本吻合。(2)对94份海岛棉资源材料进行13个农艺性状及品质性状2年调查分析,发现供试材料品质性状的变异范围较广,而产量性状的变异范围相对较小。其中,各品种中马克隆值的多样性指数最高,最小的是单铃重。聚类分析发现,第Ⅰ类群产量性状的平均值较高;第Ⅱ类群虽在产量性状上不占优势,但其品质性状的表现较其他组别优异;第Ⅲ类群多为低产低质品种;第Ⅳ类群品种品质较优,产量变化范围较大。(3)利用SSR标记和农艺性状分析2种方法对94份海岛棉资源材料进行分析,结果均显示出较丰富的遗传多样性;2种方法的聚类结果基本一致,聚类结果与地理分布有明显的联系。  相似文献   

6.
东北部分地区山荆子种质资源表型多样性及聚类分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
对我国东北地区收集的239份山荆子资源的树姿、叶形以及果形等19个表型性状多样性进行了研究。结果表明,我国黑龙江省和内蒙古自治区山荆子具有丰富的表型多样性,平均变异系数和平均多样性指数分别为32.65%和1.38,其中树姿、树型以及叶片颜色等13个目测性状的平均变异系数为38.43%,平均遗传多样性指数为0.95,而叶长、叶宽以及叶柄长等6个测量性状的平均变异系数为26.87%,平均遗传多样性指数为1.80。进一步分析发现,不同地区山荆子表型多样性存在差异,以黑龙江温春山荆子多样性水平最高。基于19个表型性状的聚类分析发现,在欧氏距离为2.5时,参试山荆子材料可以划分为2大类,7个亚类,各地区山荆子材料聚类较为分散,没有形成独立的分类群,暗示山荆子材料遗传基础较为复杂。  相似文献   

7.
通过研究葛根资源的遗传多样性和葛根表型性状与分子标记的关联分析,为葛根的分子育种和指纹图谱构建提供理论依据。鉴定分析了127份不同来源葛根资源的10个表型性状,并用ISSR标记研究127份葛根资源的遗传多样性,对ISSR标记与表型性状进行关联分析。表型性状鉴定结果显示葛根资源的10个性状变异大、多样性较好。利用ISSR标记获得多态性条带109条,平均每个引物扩增5.73条、平均Nei's基因多样性0.2085、平均Shannon's指数0.3378,最远遗传距离为0.46。ISSR分子标记聚类分析将127份资源聚为两大类,群体结构分析和PCo A分析结果类似将127份资源分为2个亚群。GLM分析发现3个与茸毛性状关联标记,MLM分析未发现与表型性状关联的标记。本研究收集的资源遗传多样性较好,葛根分子标记聚类结果与地域关系不大,综合GLM和MLM关联分析结果,本试验未发现与表型关联位点。  相似文献   

8.
对我国棉花中期库保存的200份不同地理来源的亚洲棉代表性样本进行了表型遗传多样性分析,结果表明,亚洲棉表型多样性丰富,种质间表型性状差异显著或极显著.19个表型性状的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数在0.34 ~2.15间,其大小依次为:衣分>株高>生育期>铃重>果枝始节=子指>叶枝数>短绒色>黄萎病抗性>茎色>...  相似文献   

9.
河北省小豆种质资源遗传多样性分析   总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8  
通过26个性状分析河北省385份小豆种质资源的遗传多样性及优异资源分布,结果表明,5个质量性状中粒色的遗传多样性指数最高,结荚习性的遗传多样性指数最低;数量性状中百粒重的遗传多样性最高,但15g以上的大粒优异资源较少;抗性性状中芽期抗寒的遗传多样性指数最高,锈病抗性遗传多样性指数最低;抗叶斑病、抗锈病和抗蚜虫资源缺乏高抗类型.11个地市中承德的材料份数及遗传多样性指数最高,且有野生资源分布,推断其为河北省小豆遗传多样性中心.  相似文献   

10.
以84个香椿(Toona sinensis(A.Juss.)Roem.)种质为材料,对其2个生长性状和18个叶部性状(包含6个质量性状和12个数量性状)进行测定。结果显示,香椿6个叶部质量性状变异类型丰富,呈现出多态化特点,单一性状的主要表型多为1~2个。苗高、地径及叶部表型等14个数量性状在种质间的差异均达到极显著水平,且除地径外,其他性状的遗传方差分量均大于环境方差分量,表明此类性状主要受遗传控制。参试的14个数量性状的平均表型变异系数为20.35%,平均遗传变异系数为16.36%;综合表型和遗传变异系数,叶柄长度较其他性状变异大,而叶片夹角稳定性最高,各数量性状(除地径外)遗传变异系数与表型变异系数之差小于7%。香椿种质各性状间Shannon-Weaver遗传多样性指数相差不大(1.892~2.069),遗传多样性水平高,具有良好的遗传改良基础。聚类分析可将84个香椿种质分为5类,类群Ⅰ表现为生长旺盛、小比叶重型;类群Ⅱ生长较快、叶片较大;类群Ⅲ种质数量最多,属生长缓慢、大比叶重型;类群Ⅳ特征为大叶片、多叶型;类群Ⅴ为小叶片、稀叶型。研究结果表明参试香椿种质变异丰富,遗传多样性水平高,能为良种选育、遗传改良等研究提供丰富的遗传材料。  相似文献   

11.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The aims of this investigation were to highlight the qualitative and quantitative diversity apparent between nine diploid Fragaria species and produce interspecific populations segregating for a large number of morphological characters suitable for quantitative trait loci analysis. METHODS: A qualitative comparison of eight described diploid Fragaria species was performed and measurements were taken of 23 morphological traits from 19 accessions including eight described species and one previously undescribed species. A principal components analysis was performed on 14 mathematically unrelated traits from these accessions, which partitioned the species accessions into distinct morphological groups. Interspecific crosses were performed with accessions of species that displayed significant quantitative divergence and, from these, populations that should segregate for a range of quantitative traits were raised. KEY RESULTS: Significant differences between species were observed for all 23 morphological traits quantified and three distinct groups of species accessions were observed after the principal components analysis. Interspecific crosses were performed between these groups, and F2 and backcross populations were raised that should segregate for a range of morphological characters. In addition, the study highlighted a number of distinctive morphological characters in many of the species studied. CONCLUSIONS: Diploid Fragaria species are morphologically diverse, yet remain highly interfertile, making the group an ideal model for the study of the genetic basis of phenotypic differences between species through map-based investigation using quantitative trait loci. The segregating interspecific populations raised will be ideal for such investigations and could also provide insights into the nature and extent of genome evolution within this group.  相似文献   

12.
重庆大豆地方资源多样性评价及群体表型特点研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对收集于重庆市的103份大豆地方品种进行了表型遗传多样性分析,并利用主成分分析和聚类分析对其进行了群体表型特点的研究,研究结果表明,重庆地区大豆地方种质资源以灰色茸毛、黄粒、褐色脐居多,个体之间数量性状上存在较大变异。主成分分析以3个主成分反映了10个农艺性状的大部分信息,将主要农艺性状归纳成产量因子、生长势因子及籽粒因子。聚类分析将103份地方种质资源聚为6个类群, 同一地区的大部分地方品种表现较为相似,少部分地方品种差异大,品种类群间的表型分化与地理分布既有一定的联系又不绝对相关。利用这些种质选配育种亲本应关注各类群间性状差异作选择,而不能仅关注地理来源选择。  相似文献   

13.
国外绿豆种质资源农艺性状的遗传多样性分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以来自15个国家和地区的352份绿豆种质资源为材料,评价其5个质量性状和10个数量性状的遗传变异水平。结果表明:除美国等5个不同地区的14份材料未正常开花结荚外,其余338份材料的农艺性状具丰富的遗传变异。其中质量性状中叶形和幼茎色的遗传多样性指数最高(0.69),数量性状中荚长(2.08)和百粒重(2.07)的最高。UPGMA聚类将338份参试材料分为6大类群,各类群有其独特的性状特征,其中第5类群早熟、矮秆、大粒,可为杂交育种亲本选配提供理想亲本。亚蔬(ARC-AVRDC)(泰国)、菲律宾、印度、印度尼西亚、韩国、美国和俄罗斯等7个不同地理区域材料间具有显著的遗传变异,其中俄罗斯的遗传多样性指数最高,韩国最低;印度尼西亚的生育期较短,主茎节数、单荚粒数、单株荚数和单株产量最高,属于早熟、大粒、高产的种质,可以为我国新品种的选育提供基础材料;UPGMA聚类可将这7个不同地理区域的材料划分为3类,其中印尼和韩国的材料各被划分为一类,其他5个国家聚为第Ⅲ类,群体间的性状表现与其地理来源有一定的关系。  相似文献   

14.
The genetic diversity of cultivated soybean grown in China   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Cultivated soybean (Glycine max) is an economically important crop that is grown for its oil and protein products. A better knowledge of its genetic diversity will be valuable for the utilization, conservation, and management of germplasm collections. Using the database of the National Germplasm Evaluation Program of China (NGEPC), we studied the geographical distribution of accessions, the genetic diversity of 15 qualitative and quantitative characters, and the genetic diversity centers of cultivated soybean in China using variation in these 15 traits and genetic diversity indexes (Shannon index). Cultivated soybean is widely distributed throughout China. As an indication of its distribution, a line can be roughly drawn from the Daxinganling mountains in northeastern China to the Qingzang plateaus in southwestern China based on the abundance of accessions and locations of the collections. Of the 22,637 known accessions in China, the 20,570 collected over a vast area between latitudes 18° and 53°N and longitudes 80° and 136°E were used in this study. The Shannon indexes of various morphological traits were calculated. Cultivated soybean accessions were found to exhibit a higher genetic diversity in the area between 34°–41°N and 110°–115°E. On the basis of the geographical distribution of a number of accessions, and their genetic diversity, one genetic diversity center—downstream of the Yellow River Valley—is proposed. Based on these results and on Vavilovs theory on crop origins, one possible diversity center was proposed.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-003-1503-xCommunicated by C. Möllers  相似文献   

15.
Asiatic cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.) is an "Old World" cultivated cotton species, the sinense race of which is planted extensively in China. This species is still used in the current tetraploid cotton breeding program as an elite germplasm line, and is also used as a model for genomic research in Gossypium. In the present study, 60 cotton microsatellite markers, averaging 4.6 markers for each A-genome chromosome,were chosen to assess the genetic diversity of 109 accessions. These included 106 G. arboreum landraces,collected from 18 provinces throughout four Asiatic cotton-growing regions in China. A total of 128 alleles were detected, with an average of 2.13 alleles per locus. The largest number of alleles, as well as the maximum number of polymorphic loci, was detected in the A03 linkage group. No polymorphic alleles were detected on chromosome 10. The polymorphism information content for the 22 polymorphic microsatellite loci varied from 0.52 to 0.98, with an average of 0.89. Genetic diversity analysis revealed that the landraces in the Southern region had more genetic variability than those from the other two regions, and no significant difference was detected between landraces in the Yangtze and the Yellow River Valley regions. These findings are consistent with the history of sinense introduction, with the Southern region being the presumed center of origin for Chinese Asiatic cotton, and with subsequent northeastward extension to the Yangtze and Yellow River Valleys. Cluster analysis, based on simple sequence repeat data for 60 microsatellite loci, clearly differentiated Vietnamese and G. herbaceum landraces from the sinense landrace. No relationship between inter-variety similarity and geographical ecological region was observed. The present findings indicate that the Southern region landraces may have been directly introduced into the provinces in the middle and lower Yangtze River Valley, where Asiatic cotton was most extensively grown, and further race sinense crops were subsequently produced.  相似文献   

16.
Maldandi is a popular sorghum variety for post-rainy or rabi cultivation in southern and central states of India, which is predominantly used for food purpose. Over time many landraces have been collected from these states which have vernacular connection with Maldandi. Genetic diversity among 82 Maldandi landraces, collected from such geographical regions was evaluated using both morphological (quantitative and qualitative) and SSR markers. In general, both morphological and SSR diversity revealed wide variability among the accessions studied. Euclidean distances based on 17 quantitative traits classified the accessions into two major clusters with two out groups, while the 19 qualitative traits clustered the accessions in one major cluster with six out groups. Sixteen out of 20 (80%) SSR markers detected polymorphism among the accessions with average PIC value of 0.36. Un-weighted neighbor joining clustering grouped the accessions into three clusters with 46, 16 and 17 accessions, respectively throwing three outliers. Average similarity coefficients of 0.62 and 0.34 based on morphological (qualitative) and SSR data indicated presence of wide variability among the Maldandi landraces. The standard check, M 35?C1 (a selection from the original Maldandi) could not be differentiated from EP 98, LG 2, LG 10, IS 4509 and IS 40791 based on qualitative data alone, while EP 54 and IS 33839 were indistinguishable from M 35?C1 solely using SSR markers. Either of the dendrogram threw unique grouping patterns with some identity. Thirteen promising Maldandi accessions selected based on field performance as well as morphological and molecular diversity could be used in the rabi improvement programme. SSR markers combined with morphological traits may effectively be used for designing breeding strategy and management of biodiversity and conservation of Maldandi genetic resources.  相似文献   

17.
Association mapping based on linkage disequilibrium provides a promising tool for dissecting the genetic basis underlying complex traits. To reveal the genetic variations of yield and yield components traits in upland cotton, 403 upland cotton accessions were collected and analyzed by 560 genome-wide simple sequence repeats (SSRs). A diverse panel consisting of 403 upland cotton accessions was grown in six different environments, and the yield and yield component traits were measured, and 560 SSR markers covering the whole genome were mapped. Association studies were performed to uncover the genotypic and phenotypic variations using a mixed linear model. Favorable alleles and typical accessions for yield traits were identified. A total of 201 markers were polymorphic, revealing 394 alleles. The average gene diversity and polymorphism information content were 0.556 and 0.483, respectively. Based on a population structure analysis, 403 accessions were divided into two subgroups. A mixed linear model analysis of the association mapping detected 43 marker loci according to the best linear unbiased prediction and in at least three of the six environments(??lgP?>?1.30, P?<?0.05). Among the 43 associated markers, five were associated with more than two traits simultaneously and nine were coincident with those identified previously. Based on phenotypic effects, favorable alleles and typical accessions that contained the elite allele loci related to yield traits were identified and are widely used in practical breeding. This study detected favorable quantitative trait loci’s alleles and typical accessions for yield traits, these are excellent genetic resources for future high-yield breeding by marker-assisted selection in upland cotton in China.  相似文献   

18.
陆地棉主要产量相关性状的SSR标记关联分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
高产优质育种是我国棉花育种的主要目标。寻找与目标性状关联的分子标记,可克服常规育种的盲目性,提高分子标记辅助选择育种的准确性。本研究对118份陆地棉种质资源的衣分、单铃重、单株铃数及子指等4个产量相关性状进行2年2点的表型鉴定,并利用覆盖全基因组的、有多态性的214对SSR标记进行标记与性状的关联分析。结果表明:118份材料的4个产量相关性状表型变异丰富,平均变异系数的变幅在6.1%~19.1%之间,且在各环境中表现较为稳定;基因型分析表明,214对标记共检测到460个等位变异,基因多样性指数平均为0.5151,PIC值平均为0.4587,表明该批标记具有较多的等位变异数和较高的基因多样性;群体结构分析表明该批材料可分为4个亚群,且各类群中材料与地理来源无对应关系;关联分析结果显示,在显著条件下(-log10P1.3,P0.05),共有39个标记位点能够在2个及2个以上的环境中同时检测到,其中有4个标记位点同时与2个以上性状相关联,进一步比较发现,有7个位点与前人研究结果一致,其余32个位点为新发现的位点。研究结果可为陆地棉产量性状遗传改良的分子标记辅助选择提供理论依据。  相似文献   

19.
依托"第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动"项目,开展了湖南省饭豆种质资源的考察收集与评价鉴定,并筛选了优异种质,为湖南省饭豆种质资源创新和品种选育提供参考。结果表明,收集到的76份地方资源主要分布在湘西湘南山区,0~600 m的中低海拔地区。15项农艺性状表型分析显示其遗传多样性丰富;主成分分析将15个农艺性状分为4个主成分,其主要与株高、籽粒大小、产量、花色粒色相关,累计贡献率68.330%;聚类分析将76份资源分为2大类群,第Ⅰ类群蔓生、无限结荚,第Ⅱ类群直立、有限结荚,第Ⅰ类群又分为2个亚群,类群Ⅰ-1株型较小,单株产量较低,籽粒较大,类群Ⅰ-2株型较大,单株产量较高,籽粒较小。根据聚类分析结果及数量性状极值和质量性状变异类型提取出22份饭豆特异种质,并从中筛选出3类可以代表类群特征的资源:直立适合密植机收的资源,大粒型优质资源,高产、高生物量的粮肥两用资源。  相似文献   

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