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1.
鸭绿江香鱼耳石日轮与生产的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
解玉浩拉.  RL 《动物学报》1995,41(2):125-133
1992年对鸭绿江香鱼耳石日轮与生长进行了研究。人工受精孵胚胎发育后期和前仔鱼期连续剖察表明,受精后约96小时胚体听囊内出现一对矢耳石,孵出后第2天耳石上出现第一个日轮,之后每天形成一轮。在当镜和扫描电镜下测定了幼、成鱼矢耳石的形态、直径、日轮数及其间距变化。耳石矩径与鱼体长呈线性关系,75尾幼、成鱼的关系式为y=3\28x+248.30  相似文献   

2.
鸭绿江香鱼耳石日轮与生长的研究   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
1992年对鸭绿江香鱼耳石日轮与生长进行了研究。人工受精卵胚胎发育后期和前仔鱼期连续剖察表明,受精后约96小时胚体听囊内出现一对矢耳石,孵出后第2天耳石上出现第一个日轮,之后每天形成一轮。在光镜和扫描电镜下测定了幼、成鱼矢耳石的形态、直径、日轮数及其间距变化。耳石短径(v, μm)与鱼体长(x, mm)呈线性关系, 75尾幼、成鱼的关系式为y=3.28x+248.30。以耳石日轮数推算其产卵孵化期与实地调查结果一致。耳石日轮数(D)可用孵化后日数(N)减1表示。日轮间距有规律性变化,与鱼体生长发育和生态条件密切有关。依据日龄和相关体长体重资料进行了香鱼生长特性研究,用生长方程描绘的生长速度曲线和生长拐点(位于283日龄)等均较客观地反映了其生长特点。  相似文献   

3.
长江口是中国日本鳗鳗苗的主要产区和仅存的成鳗渔业水域。日本鳗自长江河口至上游金沙江近3000km干流及许多支流中都有分布,但其迁移行为却不为人了解。该文分析了2008年9~11月采自长江靖江段(31o30′N,120o42′E)的153尾银色鳗样本的生物学特征,测定了其中27尾标本的矢耳石Sr/Ca值。结果显示,153尾样本中有雌性85尾、雄性68尾,雌雄性比1:0.8。雌性由3~7(平均5.52)龄组成,平均体长(669±80)mm,体重(555±229)g,丰满度1.77±0.22,性腺指数(GSI)1.32±0.31。雄性由3~5(平均4.38)龄组成,平均体长(518±51)mm,体重(234±76)g,丰满度1.62±0.18,GSI0.21±0.11。雌性的这些生物学参数均显著大于雄性(P<0.05)。依据矢耳石线鳗标志轮平均Sr/Ca值(7.99±1.05)×10-3进行判断,有17尾(即62.96%个体)为"淡水型",10尾(即37.04%个体)为"河口型"。16尾雌性中有13尾(即81.25%)为"淡水型",3尾为"河口型"。11尾雄性中仅36.36%为"淡水型",63.64%为"河口型"。对每个生长层组的Sr/Ca值分析表明,雌雄间2龄时无显著差异,但3龄、4龄和洄游龄组都有显著或极显著的差异,预示着2龄时两者的栖息水域比较一致,但后来出现了明显栖息地分化。  相似文献   

4.
文章研究了不同盐度对花鳗鲡(Anguilla marmorata)幼鳗和太平洋双色鳗鲡(A.bicolor pacifica)幼鳗生长性能及消化酶活力的影响。将花鳗鲡幼鳗[(9.76±0.36)g]和太平洋双色鳗鲡幼鳗[(11.82±0.04)g]分别在淡水(盐度0‰)与盐度5‰、10‰、18‰水体中养殖30d,测量每组实验鱼总重后检测胃、肠道和肝脏蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活力。结果表明,花鳗鲡和太平洋双色鳗鲡在各盐度处理中存活率均为100%,未出现死亡。两种鳗鲡在淡水中生长良好,特定生长率最高,而饵料系数最低。盐度对花鳗鲡幼鳗和太平洋双色鳗鲡幼鳗消化酶活力的影响存在差异,其中花鳗鲡胃、肠道和肝脏蛋白酶活力在各盐度处理中均无显著变化(P0.05),淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力均随盐度的增加而下降;太平洋双色鳗鲡胃蛋白酶活力在盐度10‰时最大,肝蛋白酶活力在盐度18‰时最大,而淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力在各盐度处理组无显著变化(P0.05)。这表明盐度对花鳗鲡胃、肠道和肝脏的淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力具有抑制作用,对太平洋双色鳗鲡的蛋白酶活力有一定的激活作用。在相同盐度条件下,不同消化器官中同种消化酶活力存在差异,各盐度的两种鳗鲡肠道中淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活力均显著高于肝脏和胃(P0.05),胃中蛋白酶活力高于肝脏和肠道,但不显著(P0.05)。研究发现两种鳗鲡体内脂肪酶活力相对较高,表明其对脂肪具有较强的消化能力。建议在配制花鳗鲡幼鳗和太平洋双色鳗鲡幼鳗饲料时,适当提高粗脂肪比例,有助于促进对营养物质的消化吸收,提高养殖效益。  相似文献   

5.
黑龙江秋大麻哈鱼耳石形态发育研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
对进入中国黑龙江的秋大麻哈鱼生殖群体进行人工繁育,观察不同发育阶段和回归成体的耳石形态及其结构变化.结果表明:秋大麻哈鱼胚胎、胚后仔稚鱼、幼鱼和二龄鱼的矢耳石随个体生长发育,其大小在不断增长,轮廓和表面形态结构也在发生演变,逐渐趋似于回归成体的耳石形态.秋大麻哈鱼回归生殖群体的不同年龄和雌雄个体间矢耳石、微耳石形态基本一致.矢耳石形似梨形,大小约为3 mm×5 mm×1 mm,重量约为9mg,光镜下可见耳石日轮和年轮结构.日轮形成在胚胎发眼后约5日,采用人工标记方法证实了生长轮的日周期特性.二龄鱼耳石已出现边缘生长区,形成年轮.矢耳石增长与鱼体叉长生长显著相关(SL=21.574 OL-7.005,R2=0.9926).  相似文献   

6.
以2015年和2016年在孟屯河上游捕获的仔稚鱼为研究对象, 对其种属进行了鉴定, 观察了耳石形态特征、确证了耳石轮纹沉积规律, 并基于耳石日轮技术对其孵化期进行了推算。结果表明: 基于线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚单位Ⅰ(Cytochrome oxidase subunit Ⅰ, COⅠ)序列构建的系统进化树显示, 采集仔稚鱼为松潘裸鲤(Gymnocypris potanini)。在松潘裸鲤仔稚鱼生长过程中, 微耳石由近圆形发育成贻贝形, 矢耳石由锲形发育为箭矢状。采用温度标记处理松潘裸鲤仔稚鱼, 确定耳石轮纹沉积具有日周期性, 生长轮为日轮。依据耳石日轮数, 结合采样时间及耳石轮纹沉积规律, 并采用大多数裂腹鱼类日龄为日轮数N+1的关系, 推算出2015年松潘裸鲤样本的孵化时间为6月29日至7月15日, 2016年样本孵化时间为7月13日至8月18日, 这些结果为研究松潘裸鲤野生种群繁殖期及其资源保护等提供了基础数据。  相似文献   

7.
有明银鱼耳石显微结构和微化学研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
1998年从鸭绿江捕取有明银鱼成鱼 ,生物学测量后剖出耳石。每尾鱼 1对矢耳石中的 1个用于制片 ,显微镜下观察其显微结构 ,另 1个制片镀碳膜后 ,用扫描电子微探针测定Sr和Ca的浓度比率。Sr和Ca分析的标准样用SrSO4 和CaSO4 。 31尾鱼 (体长 116~ 15 7mm)耳石长半径 (Y)与鱼体长 (X)成线性关系 ,其方程式为Y =2 72 16X +9 2 2 92 ,r =0 9178,P <0 0 1。耳石中心和耳石原基的平均直径分别为 2 2 5 5± 2 88μm和6 95± 1 30 μm。 13尾鱼耳石上的日轮数为 30 5~ 35 4,大约在 45~ 70日轮处出现过渡轮。日轮间距 0 94~ 1 14μm ,最大间距在 190~ 2 2 0日轮处 ,最小间距出现在 2 80日轮之后。耳石中Sr、Ca浓度比例在第 5至第 7测点出现第 1个高峰 ,这与稚鱼为了越冬洄游到海中时间相吻合。第 2个高峰出现在 2 8~ 32测点 ,这与鱼产卵上溯洄游时间相符。个体发育过程中生理和生态条件的变化 ,可引起耳石中Sr、Ca比率的改变 ,但栖息水域盐度的突然改变是导致Sr、Ca比率显著增高的主导因素。  相似文献   

8.
三峡库区木洞江段翘嘴鲌早期生长特征研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
2013年9—10月在三峡库区木洞江段采集翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)幼鱼,摘取微耳石进行耳石微结构分析,推算了翘嘴鲌幼鱼的日龄及孵化日期,探讨其早期生活史阶段的生长特征。结果显示,采集97尾翘嘴鲌幼鱼,体长范围为40—98 mm。翘嘴鲌幼鱼的微耳石形状为不规则扁椭球形,耳石横截面磨片上具有一个核和一个原基。耳石原基的直径为11.6—27.8μm,平均值为(18.6±3.8)μm。耳石核中心到第一个生长轮的距离为(13.0±4.7)μm。翘嘴鲌幼鱼的日龄为44—104d,推算其孵化日期为2013年6月9日至8月17日,高峰期为2013年7月9日至7月22日。耳石半径与体长、日龄与体长之间均呈显著的线性关系(P0.05)。耳石日轮宽度随着日龄的增加不断变化显示,三峡库区翘嘴鲌早期生活史阶段的生长速率不断变化,日平均生长率为0.774 mm/d。  相似文献   

9.
唐鱼仔鱼耳石的形态发育及日轮   总被引:6,自引:3,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
观察了实验室人工繁殖饲养的唐鱼(Tanichthys albonubes)仔鱼耳石形态发育,研究了其生长轮的沉积规律。唐鱼仔鱼耳石长径与鱼体全长(TL)均呈线性相关,其关系式为:微耳石Dl=0.019 6TL-0.031 0(r=0.961 6,P<0.001,n=218),矢耳石Ds=0.027 6TL-0.043 7(r=0.924 0,P<0.001,n=219),星耳石Da=0.016 6TL-0.004 1(r=0.369 6,P<0.001,n=44)。仔鱼耳石上第一个轮纹在孵出后第2 d形成,生长轮数目与仔鱼日龄(D)呈线性相关,其斜率与1无显著差异,因此生长轮为日轮,其关系式为:微耳石LI=1.006D-1.700 1(r=0.994 2,P<0.001,n=205),矢耳石SI=0.953 8D-0.911 6(r=0.993 5,P<0.001,n=161)。生长过程中矢耳石形状变化较大,星耳石出现时间较晚,而微耳石形状稳定,日轮可读性较好,故更适合作为日轮研究的材料。  相似文献   

10.
湘江鳡仔稚鱼个体和耳石生长发育研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
2008年6月至7月间于鳡(Elopichthys bambusa Richardson)的主要繁殖季节在湘江采集鳡仔稚鱼共370尾,耳石分析表明这些仔稚鱼日龄在4—25d间,推算孵化日期为5月27日至6月22日。仔鱼前弯曲期向弯曲期转化时间为第6日龄,弯曲期向后弯曲期转化为第10日龄,后弯曲期向稚鱼期转化为15.5日龄。体长生长和耳石生长均在进入后弯曲期后(12—13日龄)出现1个节点:节点后体长生长速度是节点前的5倍,节点后耳石生长速度是节点前的2倍。早期生活史不同阶段鳡微耳石形态显著改变:前弯曲期耳石为圆形;弯曲期耳石前后轴的生长速度明显超过背腹轴生长,耳石也变为椭圆形;后弯曲期耳石进一步延长,耳石后端形成略尖的突起,耳石呈梨形;进入稚鱼期后,耳石后突起变得较为平滑,耳石形状呈贝形。耳石半径和体长的关系在后弯曲期阶段出现节点,节点前后呈不同的直线关系。  相似文献   

11.
The time elvers of the American eel, Anguilla rostrata , spend in an estuary prior to their migration into fresh water was assessed. A distinct mark was formed on elvers' otoliths during their first 2 to 3 weeks in the river estuary. This mark was used to distinguish between growth in fresh water and in salt water. Migrating eels collected at a falls 4 km from the estuary exhibited bimodal length and weight distributions. Frequency distributions showed that eels collected in the estuary were smaller and had smaller otoliths than eels collected at the falls, indicating that elvers do not reach the falls in the same year as they enter the estuary. The three modal groups most probably represent three age–classes. However, the otoliths of elvers collected in the estuary had only the mark of transition whereas eels in the first and second mode at the falls usually had two rings (1–4) and four rings (3–6) per otolith, respectively, in addition to the mark of transition, as viewed under SEM. The possibility that ring formation is not annual means that the use of otoliths for the age determination of eels in this study has not been validated.  相似文献   

12.
N. Fukuda    M. Kuroki    A. Shinoda    Y. Yamada    A. Okamura    J. Aoyama    K. Tsukamoto 《Journal of fish biology》2009,74(9):1915-1933
The influences of water temperature and feeding regime on otolith growth in Anguilla japonica glass eels and elvers were investigated using individuals reared at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30° C and in fed or unfed conditions at salinity 32 after their otoliths were marked with alizarin complexone (ALC). To eliminate the difficulty of observing the edges of otoliths with optical (OM) or scanning electron (SEM) microscopes, three to 10 individuals were sampled from each tank at 10, 20 and 30 days during the experiment and reared for an additional 10 days at 25° C after their otoliths were marked a second time. Otolith growth and the number of increments were measured using both OM and SEM. Most A. japonica commenced feeding after 10 days at 20–30° C or after 20 days at 15° C, but no feeding occurred at 5 and 10° C. No otolith growth occurred at 5 and 10° C except in two individuals with minimal increment deposition at 10° C. Otolith growth was proportional to water temperature within 15–25° C and not different between 25 and 30° C. At 15, 25 and 30° C, the mean otolith growth rate in fed conditions was higher than in unfed conditions. The number of increments per day was significantly different among water temperatures (0·00–0·01 day−1 at 5 and 10° C, 0·43–0·48 day−1 at 15° C and 0·94–1·07 day−1 at 20–30° C). These results indicated that otolith growth in A. japonica glass eels and elvers was affected by temperature and ceased at ≤10° C under experimental conditions. Hence, future studies analysing the otoliths of wild-caught A. japonica glass eels and elvers need to carefully consider the water temperatures potentially experienced by the juveniles in the wild.  相似文献   

13.
Prior to making inferences from otoliths about the residence time and growth rate of glass-phase anguillid eels Anguilla in estuaries, it is necessary to validate the deposition rate of microincrements in the otoliths. Glass-phase American eels Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur), which had been captured near the mouth of an estuary in Maine, USA, prior to freshwater exposure, deposited increments at a daily rate at ambient temperature and salinity in a field and laboratory study. The regression for glass eels not possessing a transition ring was: I=0.976(D-1)+0.434, where I is the number of otolith increments distal to a fluorescent mark placed on the otolith at the beginning of the experiment, and D is the number of days in the experiment, which ranged from 7 to 49. The slope was not significantly different than 1. Unexpectedly, many glass eels deposited the transition ring during the experiment, although this ring had previously been thought to mark entry into fresh water. The regression for these glass eels was: I=0.961(D-1)-3.880, and the slope was not significantly different than 1. The negative intercept suggests that approximately 4 days were lost from the otolith record during deposition of the ring. This study demonstrated daily deposition of increments prior to freshwater exposure and demonstrated that deposition of the transition ring is not linked to freshwater entry.  相似文献   

14.
Anguilla marmorata glass eels or elvers were collected separately during anadromous migration from four Pacific estuaries: Hamuta, Poso, Shuang Hsi and Tanshui. The total length at arrival in these estuaries was (mean ± standard error) (51.50 ± 0.90) (51.80 ± 0.90) (46.95 ± 0.84) and (47.33 ± 0.80) mm, respectively. The sagittal otolith microstructure, increment patterns and daily age were examined by scanning electron microscope. Based on the number of increments of presumed daily deposition, the overall mean age at arrival in the estuaries was estimated to be about 3–4 months, with an estimated period of 73–86 days for the leptocephalus stage. Two zones, i.e. the leptocephalus growth zone (L) and the metamorphosis growth zone (M) were recognizable in the otolith cross section. The increment width of L and M varied from the otolith's centre to its margin, reflecting different growth rates. The spawning grounds of these eels are presumably not far from the estuary. Their locations are discussed.  相似文献   

15.
The embryonic past of glass eels was studied from the interpretation of microstructures registered on otoliths. The aim of this work is to put in evidence possible seasonal modifications of the growth of otoliths so that differences between otoliths of glass eels caught off marine and estuarine environment. So during the season 1999-2000, from November till March, otolith sampling was realised in the southwestern part of France, in an estuarine and coastal zone. We observed a spatial and temporal evolution of proportions of the three various types of otoliths taken into account. Glass eels sampled at sea sometimes have a mark on their otoliths indicating the transition in the estuary, especially at the end of the fishing season. Measures of growth marks of otoliths showed that there were no seasonal differences during phases of the transoceanic migration and the crossing of the continental shelf. The radius of otoliths of glass eels sampled at sea was significantly smaller than those sampled in estuary. These results translated homogeneous environmental modifications met by the various larvae groups during the oceanic crossing and during the principal migration season as well as a turn over of these groups during the transition between marine and continental environment.  相似文献   

16.
Synopsis The otolith length and the total fish length of 9 leptocephali, 29 elvers and 51 sub-adult eels were measured. For the 51 eels a significant correlation between otolith and fish length was found. No similar correlation was found for leptocephali and elvers because of their similar total length. It was found that the growth of the otolith from leptocephali and elvers differs from the growth of herring larvae otoliths.  相似文献   

17.
The newly recruited Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica , elvers and 1-year-old eels collected in estuaries and in rivers, respectively, were studied. The microstructure and chemical composition of the sagittal otolith of these eels were examined by SEM and wavelength-dispersive spectrometer (WDS), A transition zone or'elver mark'was observed in the otolith of the young eels. A comparison of the otoliths of elvers with those from the 1-year-old eels suggests that this transition zone was deposited during upstream migration, a change from a marine to freshwater environment. Strontium (Sr) content in the primordium of the otolith of both elvers and young eels was low, probably due to the maternal or freshwater origin of the oocyte. The concentration of Sr in the otolith increased gradually during marine life and reached a peak approximately 1 month before upstream migration. As the elvers entered the estuary, the Src concentration dramatically decreased and remained at a low level thereafter. These findings indicate that the history of the migratory environment of the eel can be reconstructed from a combined study of otolith microstructure and microchemistry analysis.  相似文献   

18.
The microstructure, in particular checks within the otolith edge, of Anguilla japonica glass-eels and elvers and changes in otolith Sr/Ca ratios were examined to ascertain the environmental history of the eels, especially with regard to the time when glass-eels entered the river, and as a benchmark for count daily increments. The percentage of glass eels and elvers with checks and the mean number of checks within the otoliths of glass-eels caught at four localities, Tosa Bay off Tosa City, the mouth of the Gokase River, the mouth of the Saigo River and the dam of the Tsuri River were 0% (0), 15.0% (0.2), 51.6% (1.0) and 100.0% (4.2), respectively. The Sr/Ca ratios and Sr content peaked in the region where checks were formed and the values decreased rapidly towards the edge of the checks; on the other hand, these decreased gradually in the otolith when checks were not formed. These checks were estimated to be formed by stress when the glass-eels were affected by ambient fresh water within the river. The innermost check was called the freshwater mark in the present study and this mark may be useful as a benchmark in studying the growth history of the eel before and after entering freshwater.  相似文献   

19.
In the present study, glass eels Anguilla anguilla in the Minho River estuary (41·5° N, 8·5° W) decreased in size (standard length, L S and mass, M ) from the beginning (autumn) to the end of the sampling season (summer). On the other hand elvers increased in L S and M from spring to summer and were significantly larger than glass eels in paired comparisons. Branchial Na+/K+-ATPase and vacuolar (V-type) proton ATPase ( in vitro activities), two important ion transporting pumps, did not show significant seasonal changes in either glass eels or elvers although in glass eels Na+/K+-ATPase (activity) expression was significantly higher than in elvers. In a single month comparison Na+/K+-ATPase branchial mRNA expression was also higher in glass eels as was the protein level expression of both Na+/K+-ATPase and NKCC (Na+:K+:2Cl co-transporter). Immunofluorescence microscopy indicated apical CFTR Cl channel labelling in Na+/K+-ATPase positive chloride cell in glass eels which was absent in elvers. Whole body sodium concentration and percentage water did not show significant seasonal differences in either glass eels or elvers although there were significant differences between these two groups during some months.  相似文献   

20.
The objective of this study was to quantify spatial and temporal variability of anguillid glass eel ingress within and between adjacent watersheds in order to help illuminate the mechanisms moderating annual recruitment. Because single fixed locations are often used to assess annual recruitment, the intra-annual dynamics of ingress across multiple sites often remains unresolved. To address this question, plankton nets and eel collectors were deployed weekly to synoptically quantify early stage Anguilla rostrata abundance at 12 sites across two New Jersey estuaries over an ingress season. Numbers of early-stage glass eels collected at the inlet mouths were moderately variable within and between estuaries over time and showed evidence for weak lunar phase and water temperature correlations. The relative condition of glass eels, although highly variable, declined significantly over the ingress season and indicated a tendency for lower condition A. rostrata to colonize sites in the lower estuary. Accumulations of glass eels and early-stage elvers retrieved from collectors (one to >1500 A. rostrata per collector) at lower estuary sites were highly variable over time, producing only weak correlations between estuaries. By way of contrast, development into late-stage elvers, coupled with the large-scale colonization of up-river sites, was highly synchronized between and within estuaries and contingent on water temperatures reaching c. 10−12° C. Averaged over the ingress season, abundance estimates were remarkably consistent between paired sites across estuaries, indicating a low degree of interestuary variability. Within an estuary, however, abundance estimates varied considerably depending on location. These results and methodology have important implications for the planning and interpretation of early-stage anguillid eel surveys as well as the understanding of the dynamic nature of ingress and the spatial scales over which recruitment varies.  相似文献   

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