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1.
放免法用于检测基因工程防龋疫苗抗体的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
用国产^125I同位素,以氯胺T氧化法,标记变链菌GTF抗原,其放射碘利率率>40%,放化纯度>95%,所得标记物置-20℃120d或4℃60d仍可使用。采用放免疫法检测基因工程防龋疫苗免疫的家兔、鸡血清抗GTF抗体和卵黄抗GTF抗体,结果提示,该法是一种特异性强,灵敏度高,重复性和稳定性好的检测方法。  相似文献   

2.
目的:设计、合成酪氨酸(Tyr)修饰的肿瘤血管靶向肽GX1,研究^131I标记短肽Tyr-GX1在荷人胃癌裸鼠体内的生物学分布与显像,探讨^131I-Tyr-GX1短肽作为肿瘤血管靶向诊治药物的可能性。方法:利用Iodogen碘标法对Tyr-GX1进行131I标记,检测其标记率和体内外稳定性;建立荷人胃癌裸鼠动物模型,尾静脉注射标记肽,分别进行体内生物学分布实验和肿瘤显像实验,结果用PASW Statistics18.0统计软件进行分析。结果:1).纸层析法结果计算表明,^131I-Tyr-GX1肽的标记率和放化纯均达90%以上;24 h稳定性测试表明,^131I-Tyr-GX1在室温下存放以及与人血清、鼠血清、PBS等溶液混合,其标记率仍然都维持在90%左右,说明其具有良好的体内外稳定性;2).荷瘤裸鼠体内生物学分布研究显示:标记肽在荷瘤裸鼠双肾放射性计数测量最高;其次是肝脏、肿瘤等组织;脑、骨、肌肉组织放射性计数含量较低,给药24 h时,肿瘤/肌肉(T/M)、肿瘤/血液(T/Bl)、肿瘤/脑组织(T/Br)的放射性比值分别是5.78、4.06和23.01;3).体内SPECT显像结果显示:尾静脉注射^131I-Tyr-GX1肽后4 h肿瘤部位已开始显影,并随时间的延长,显像逐渐清楚,至18 h时,肿瘤显像最清晰。结论:应用Iodogen碘标法成功标记Tyr-GX1短肽;尾静脉注射^131I-Tyr-GX1后,肿瘤部位可以出现放射性浓聚,表明^131I-Tyr-GX1短肽可以靶向结合于肿瘤部位,有望成为新一种胃肠道肿瘤诊断与治疗的药物。  相似文献   

3.
为研究清道夫受体与细胞内酷不氨酸蛋白激酶的关系,用酪氨酸蛋白激酶抑制剂genistein处理人U937细胞。分别测定对照组和处理组细胞对碘标记的氧化低密度脂蛋白[^125I]ox-LDL的结合、降解以及细胞内脂质蓄积的程度;并利用放射自显影的方法观察药物对细胞表面受体数目的影响,利用RT-PCR法进一步探讨药物作用的分子机制。结果发现genistein可以抑制细胞表达结合[^125I]ox-LDL,抑制细胞表面受全的表达以及细胞内降解[^125I]ox-LDL,抑制细胞内胆固醇脂的蓄积,并且抑制SR-A mRNA的转录,提示清道夫受体的活性可能与细胞内蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸化水平密切相关,genistein所引起的酪氨酸磷酸化水平下降可影响SR-A基因转录和翻译。  相似文献   

4.
腺苷酸对心肌收缩有明显影响,但心肌腺苷酸受体的含量很少,只达脑组织的1/25左右。因此,~3H-环己基腺苷酸、~3H-2-氯腺苷酸及~(125)I-羟苯异丙基腺苷酸(~(125)I-HPIA)等放射性配基虽广泛应用于研究脑组织的腺苷酸受体,但这些放射性配基与心肌膜制备结合时的非特异与特异结合比太高,因而很难应用于心肌腺苷酸受体研究。最近,美国Oklahoma医学研究基金会的Linden等自腺苷酸经N~6-4-硝基苯腺苷酸(N~6-4-Nitroben-zyladenosine)合成N~6-4-氨苯腺苷酸(N~6-4-aminobenzyladenosine,ABA),再以~(125)I标记,得到一种新型的腺苷酸受体放射性配基~(125)I-氨苯腺苷酸(~(125)I-ABA),并在大鼠心、脑等膜制备与~(125)I-HPIA进行了  相似文献   

5.
研究白眉蝮蛇(Agkistrodon halys ussuriensis)毒精氨酸酯酶的代谢动力学,为临床应用提供依据。125I标记的精氨酸酯酶对大鼠一侧颈静脉给药,不同时间从另一测颈静脉取血。5h后处死动物,取各组织、尿液、胆汁和粪便,对各样本的放射性进行测定并拟合时间-放射性关系曲线。代谢动力学拟合曲线符合一室模型,其中生物半衰期T1/2为55.9min,K值为0.0124min-1。125I标记的精氨酸酯酶在体内各组织广泛分布,但有血脑屏障存在,肝、肾和尿液中的放射性比其它组织要高很多,主要通过肝脏降解,肾脏排泄。  相似文献   

6.
余茂耘  韦传宝 《生物学杂志》2007,24(2):32-33,53
研究白眉蝮蛇(Agkistrodon halys ussuriensis)毒精氨酸酯酶的代谢动力学,为临床应用提供依据。125I标记的精氨酸酯酶对大鼠一侧颈静脉给药,不同时间从另一测颈静脉取血。5h后处死动物,取各组织、尿液、胆汁和粪便,对各样本的放射性进行测定并拟合时间-放射性关系曲线。代谢动力学拟合曲线符合一室模型,其中生物半衰期T1/2为55.9min,K值为0.0124min-1。125I标记的精氨酸酯酶在体内各组织广泛分布,但有血脑屏障存在,肝、肾和尿液中的放射性比其它组织要高很多,主要通过肝脏降解,肾脏排泄。  相似文献   

7.
严爱兰  翁焕新  洪春来  谢伶莉 《生态学报》2006,26(12):4120-4126
碘是合成甲状腺激素不可缺少的元素,食物中严重缺碘可以导致人体中甲状腺功能的失调。利用同位素示踪技术研究了青菜在水培条件下对碘(^125Ⅰ)的吸收和富集特征,并在此基础上讨论了植物对碘吸收的生物学机制。研究结果表明,青菜根都能迅速吸收^125Ⅰ并向地上部分输送,青菜各部位^125Ⅰ的比活度大小顺序是根〉茎〉叶;青菜茎对碘的吸收量白天大于夜晚,青菜叶对碘的吸收夜晚大于白天;青菜植株不同部位叶片碘含量存在差异,上部嫩叶中^125Ⅰ高于下部叶片,说明青菜中^125Ⅰ的富集特征是植物对碘主动吸收和被动吸收共同作用的结果。青菜培养时间经过120h后,^125Ⅰ的消耗途径主要是作物的吸收和自然挥发,^125Ⅰ的放射性衰变丢失的量相对较少。研究为培育含碘作物提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

8.
镧系元素标记核酸探针技术   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
镧系元素标记核酸探针技术是利用某些镧系元素及其螯合物作为标记物,通过多种标记方法合成镧系元素核酸探针,用时间分辨荧光测定法进行检测,可以代替放射性核素标记探针进行各种检测和分析。该方法具有灵敏、快速、安全、简便、经济等特点。  相似文献   

9.
目的:探讨^188Re标记RGD-4CK的方法及其在健康家兔体内的示踪动力学特性。方法:采用预锡化法^188Re直接标记RGD-4CK,纸层析测定标记多肽的标记率并计算比活度。测定9只家兔经耳缘静脉注射37MBq^188Re-RGD-4CK后不同时相点血液中的放射性浓度,采用DAS软件评价标记多肽示踪动力学行为,以F值检验、AIC值、R2值并结合αvβ3受体在正常机体表达实际,对血液放射性浓度一时间数据进行房室模型曲线拟合,根据拟合结果计算示踪动力学参数。结果:^188Re-RGD-4CK的标记率大于97%,比活度为3.97±0.02TBq/mmol。^188Re-RGD-4CK在健康家兔体内的放射浓度实测值符合以1/C2为权重系数拟合的二室模型理论计算值。结论:预锡化法^188Re直接标记RGD-4CK制备方法简便,标记率高,无需分离纯化。^188Re-RGD-4CK在健康家兔体内的示踪动力学符合以1/C2为权重系数拟合的二室模型。  相似文献   

10.
肝靶向配体半乳糖基白蛋白和多聚谷氨酸   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10       下载免费PDF全文
化学合成两类去唾液酸糖蛋白受体(ASGPR)的人工配体——半乳糖基白蛋白(GalnHSA)和半乳糖基多聚-L-谷氨酸(GalnPLGA), 并以 125I标记的去唾液酸胎球蛋白(ASF)为标准配体,测定了合成配体抑制 125I-ASF与大鼠肝细胞膜ASGPR结合的IC50值. 结果表明,Gal12HSA、Gal15HSA、Gal26HSA、Gal30HSA和Gal34PLGA均能够有效地抑制 125I-ASF与ASGPR的结合,且前者与ASGPR的亲和力随半乳糖基化程度的增加而增加. 这些合成配体来源丰富、制备简单,适合于作为药物或基因肝靶向运送的导向配体.  相似文献   

11.
The most common technique for preparative labeling of proteins with radioisotopes for experimental purposes utilizes 125I. This isotope has certain limitations, including the emission of gamma- and X-irradiation, the release of gaseous 125I2 from solutions of Na 125I, and the potential for concentration of 125I in thyroid glands. We have discovered a means for labeling proteins rapidly and simply with [35S]methionine. The technique is applicable to a wide variety of proteins. Antibodies labeled by our technique remain functional.  相似文献   

12.
Amiloride and certain of its derivatives are effective inhibitors of Na/H antiporters and of epithelial Na channels. We describe a simple method for the preparation of a variety of pharmacologically active 6-iodoamiloride derivatives that are labeled with 125I at high specific radioactivity. 6-Dechloroamiloride derivatives (bearing a hydrogen atom instead of the chlorine at the 6 position of the amiloride molecule) are reacted with 125ICl, prepared by the oxidation of the iodide in Na125I preparations. The 125I-labeled derivatives are separated from free 125I by anion exchange chromatography, or purified by thin layer chromatography. Both 6-dechloroamiloride and 5-(N-alkyl)-6-dechloroamiloride derivatives can be labeled by this method, with yields varying between 10 and 70%, depending on the ICl concentration and the structure of the 5-N-alkyl group. Efficient radiolabeling at high specific radioactivity also depends on the use of freshly prepared batches of 125I. Using carrier-free 125I, [125I]6-iodoamiloride and [125I]6-iodo-5-(N-tert-butyl)amiloride were prepared with yields of 27 and 22%, respectively. Potential applications of the 125I-labeled amiloride derivatives include ligand binding and affinity labeling experiments.  相似文献   

13.
We measured the amount of apoA-I in serum by isotope dilution, finding 1.33 mg/ml (standard deviation 0.177) in six normolipidemic, healthy subjects. We developed this method by adapting published techniques to purify apoA-I from 3 ml of serum in two steps: density gradient ultracentrifugation and high performance liquid chromatography gel filtration. The 125I-labeled apoA-I tracer was first screened, by incubation with serum, to select labeled apoA-I which retained the ability to exchange with native apoA-I and bind to HDL. A known amount of 125I-labeled apoA-I-labeled HDL was added to unknown serum samples; apoA-I was reisolated from the serum and its specific radioactivity was used to calculate the dilution of the added, labeled apoA-I by the unlabeled apoA-I in the unknown serum. By not relying on immunochemical techniques, the isotope dilution assay provided results that are independent of the expression of individual apoA-I antigenic sites. Therefore, sera that have been assayed by isotope dilution can serve as standards to evaluate the accuracy of immunoassays for serum apoA-I and provide primary standards for such immunoassays.  相似文献   

14.

Background  

Metabolic Flux Analysis (MFA) based on isotope labeling experiments (ILEs) is a widely established tool for determining fluxes in metabolic pathways. Isotope labeling networks (ILNs) contain all essential information required to describe the flow of labeled material in an ILE. Whereas recent experimental progress paves the way for high-throughput MFA, large network investigations and exact statistical methods, these developments are still limited by the poor performance of computational routines used for the evaluation and design of ILEs. In this context, the global analysis of ILN topology turns out to be a clue for realizing large speedup factors in all required computational procedures.  相似文献   

15.
We have synthesized a radioactive derivative of fluorescein isothiocyanate (PITC) by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination of fluorescein amine using 125I. The iodinated amine was purified by thin-layer chromatography and converted to the isothiocyanate by reaction with thiophosgene. The product was inferred to be the diiodo derivative of FITC by comparing its absorbance and fluorescence emission spectra with those of known standards. This reagent, [125I]diI-FITC, shares many of the useful features of its congener, FITC. Specifically, it may be used to label under mild conditions of temperature and pH, and it is chemically stable. When erythrocytes were labeled with [125I]diI-FITC, radioactivity was found principally in a major exposed protein of the cell surface, and very little hemoglobin was labeled. [125I]diI-FITC may prove generally useful as a means of labeling proteins and cell surfaces to high specific radioactivity.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous Isotope labeling and tracing is often needed to study the transformation, movement, and allocation of carbon in plant-soil systems. However, existing labeling methods have numerous limitations. The present study Introduces a new continuous labeling method using naturally ^13C-depleted CO2. We theoretically proved that a stable level of ^13C-CO2 abundance in a labeling chamber can be maintained by controlling the rate of CO2-free air Injection and the rate of ambient airflow with coupling of automatic control of CO2 concentration using a CO2 analyzer. The theoretical results were tested and confirmed in a 54 day experiment in a plant growth chamber. This new continuous labeling method avoids the use of radioactive ^14C or expensive ^13C-enrlched CO2 required by existing methods and therefore eliminates issues of radiation safety or unaffordable isotope cost, as well as creating new opportunities for short- or long-term labeling experiments under a controlled environment.  相似文献   

17.
Tyrosylprolylarginyl chloromethyl ketone (YPRck) is a radioiodinatable inhibitor that irreversibly binds the active site of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). A two-step reaction is employed where (1) the YPRck reagent is iodinated and (2) the 125I-YPRck is reacted with the tPA sample; therefore the oxidative effects of conventional protein iodination are avoided. Using fibrin binding as a probe of native tPA binding function, YPRck labeling was shown to be superior to other types of surface iodination. 125I-YPRck was prepared at a high specific radioactivity; i.e., one 125I per 3.5 molecules of peptidyl chloromethyl ketone. Labeled YPRck formed a one to one covalent, sodium dodecyl sulfate stable, complex with tPA resulting in a preparation of 10 mCi per milligram protein, which corresponded to an incorporation ratio of 1:3.5 (125I-YPRck:tPA). Both one-chain and two-chain forms of tPA reacted with YPRck. Radiolabeling tPA with 125I-YPRck occurred in a time-dependent manner with half-maximal incorporation at approximately 30 min under the conditions employed in these studies. The pH optimum for the reaction of tPA with 125I-YPRck was 7.4. Solutions of tPA at less than 1 microgram/ml were efficiently labeled with 125I-YPRck, thus allowing the quantitation of functional protease by incorporation of radiolabel. Significantly, 125I-YPRck specifically labeled tPA in cell culture supernatants after transient transfection of cells with plasmid DNA containing the gene for tPA. Other serine proteases were tested for their relative reactivity with 125I-YPRck. Thrombin and Factor Xa incorporated 125I-YPRck to higher levels than two-chain tPA; whereas plasmin, urokinase, and other plasma proteases were not as efficiently radiolabeled. The use of 125I-YPRck allows rapid and specific radiolabeling of a large number of tPA samples in a nondenaturing environment with a known localization of the radiolabeling reagent.  相似文献   

18.
We developed a method for absolute quantitative autoradiographic measurement of very low concentrations of [125I]-labeled proteins in arterial tissue using Kodak NTB-2 nuclear emulsion. A precise linear relationship between measured silver grain density and isotope concentration was obtained with uniformly labeled standard sources composed of epoxy-embedded gelatin containing glutaraldehyde-fixed [125I]-albumin. For up to 308-day exposures of 1 micron-thick tissue sections, background grain densities ranged from about two to eight grains/1000 micron 2, and the technique was sensitive to as little as about one grain/1000 micron 2 above background, which correspond to a radioactivity concentration of about 2 x 10(4) cpm/ml. A detailed statistical analysis of variability was performed and the sum of all sources of variation quantified. The half distance for spatial resolution was 1.7 micron. Both visual and automated techniques were employed for quantitative grain density analysis. The method was illustrated by measurement of in vivo transmural [125I]-low-density lipoprotein [( 125I]-LDL) concentration profiles in de-endothelialized rabbit thoracic aortic wall.  相似文献   

19.
The [125I]UdR loss technique was used to estimate cell loss from RIF-1, EMT6 and KHJJ tumors in order to determine the length of the delay between labeling and the beginning of the loss of labeled cells, and also to calculate a value for ø, the cell loss factor. To determine the importance of reutilization of label released from the gut and/or the influx of labeled host cells, the blood flow to some tumors was occluded during and for 30 min after injection of the label. Relatively small amounts of radioactivity entered occluded RIF-1 tumors during 9 days after injection of [125I]UdR, indicating that reutilization of systemic label and influx of labeled host cells are not significant in this system. In contrast, substantial amounts of radioactivity entered occluded EMT6 and KHJJ tumors, reaching 40% of the total activity in non-occluded tumors during 6 days following injection. After corrections were made for this influx of label, the [125I]UdR loss curves from RIF-1 and EMT6 tumors were essentially exponential from the first day following injection of label. This was interpreted as indicating the loss of proliferating as well as non-proliferating cells from both tumors. The cell loss factor derived from the [125I]UdR loss curves corrected for influx appeared to agree well with published values derived from analysis of percent labeled mitoses curves. In contrast, the corrected [125I]UdR loss curves from KHJJ tumors showed that loss of activity began three days after injection of label, indicating that primarily nonproliferating cells are lost from this tumor.  相似文献   

20.
Cancer-targeting biomolecules labeled with 211At must be stable to in vivo deastatination, as control of the 211At distribution is critical due to the highly toxic nature of alpha-particle emission. Unfortunately, no astatinated aryl conjugates have shown in vivo stability toward deastatination when (relatively) rapidly metabolized proteins, such as monoclonal antibody Fab' fragments, are labeled. As a means of increasing the in vivo stability of 211At-labeled proteins, we have been investigating antibody conjugates of boron cage moieties. In this investigation, protein-reactive derivatives containing a nido-carborane (2), a bis-nido-carborane derivative (Venus Flytrap Complex, 3), and four 2-nonahydro-closo-decaborate(2-) derivatives (4-7) were prepared and conjugated with an antibody Fab' fragment such that subsequent astatination and in vivo tissue distributions could be obtained. To aid in determination of stability toward in vivo deastatination, the Fab'-borane conjugates were also labeled with 125I, and that material was coinjected with the 211At-labeled Fab'. For comparison, direct labeling of the Fab' with 125I and 211At was conducted. Direct labeling with Na[125I]I and Chloramine-T gave an 89% radiochemical yield. However, direct labeling of the Fab' with Na[211At]At and Chloramine-T resulted in a yield of <1% after quenching with NaS2O5. As another comparison, the same Fab' was conjugated with p-[211At]astatobenzoate NHS ester, [211At]1c-Fab', and (separately) with p-[125I]iodobenzoate NHS ester, [125I]1b-Fab'. An evaluation in athymic mice demonstrated that [211At]1c-Fab' underwent deastatination. In contrast, the high in vivo stability of [125I]1b-Fab' allowed it to be used as a tracer control for the natural distribution of Fab'. Although found to be much more stable in vivo than [211At]1c-Fab', the biodistributions of nido-carborane conjugated Fab' ([125I]2-Fab'/ [211At]2-Fab') and the bis-nido-carborane (VFC) ([125I]3-Fab'/[211At]3-Fab') had very different in vivo distributions than the control [125I]1b-Fab'. Biodistributions of closo-decaborate(2-) conjugates ([125I]4-Fab'/[211At]4-Fab', [125I]6-Fab'/[211At]6-Fab', and [125I]7-Fab'/[211At]7-Fab') demonstrated that they were stable to in vivo deastatination and had distributions similar to that of the control [125I]1b-Fab'. In contrast, a benzyl-modified closo-decaborate(2-) derivative evaluated in vivo ([125I]5-Fab'/[211At]5-Fab') had a very different tissue distribution from the control. This study has shown that astatinated protein conjugates of closo-decaborate(2-) are quite stable to in vivo deastatination and that some derivatives have little effect on the distribution of Fab'. Additionally, direct 211At labeling of Fab' conjugated with closo-decaborate(2-) derivatives provide very high (e.g., 58-75%) radiochemical yields. However, in vivo data also indicate that the closo-decaborate(2-) may cause some retention of radioactivity in the liver. Studies to optimize the closo-decaborate(2-) conjugates for protein labeling are underway.  相似文献   

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