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1.
苏云金杆菌能产生伴孢晶体蛋白,又叫δ—内毒素,对鳞翅目、双翅目、甚至鞘翅目的许多种昆虫幼虫有毒性。这类蛋白在芽孢形成期大量合成。对鳞翅目昆虫有毒的伴孢晶体一般为双金字塔形,蛋白质分子量为1.3×10~5道尔顿,对双翅目昆虫有毒的伴孢晶体一般为不规则的立方体,蛋白质分子量6.5×10~4道尔顿。对鞘翅目昆虫有毒的伴孢晶体一般为扁平长方形,蛋白质分子量为6.4×10~4道尔顿。对毒素蛋白的分离纯化办法、物理化学性质、毒理以及其它方面的研究现状做了介绍。  相似文献   

2.
苏云金芽孢杆菌工程菌伴孢晶体的形态发生   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
苏云金芽孢杆菌在有帮助蛋白存在的情况下杀虫晶体蛋白获得了超量表达。通过透射电镜观察了Cry1Ac超量表达工程菌伴孢晶体的形态发生以及不同芽孢发育时期的晶体形态变化。结果表明,该工程菌的伴孢晶体在细胞不对称分裂的隔膜形成前就已出现,而且晶体发生的部位与芽孢无关。但晶体在形成初期往往靠近母细胞膜。观察结果还表明,大量表达的晶体蛋白不能马上参与到晶体合成,晶体形成的最佳时期是芽孢皮层形成期。母细胞大量液泡的产生与消失可能与晶体形成有关。此外,在超量表达工程菌中,Cry1Ac蛋白能在一个细胞内形成多个伴孢晶体,这在天然菌株中是罕见的。  相似文献   

3.
活性氧对苏云金芽孢杆菌伴孢晶体的损伤作用   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
用SDSPAGE电泳分析和生物测定方法研究了过氧化氢(H2O2)和羟自由基(·OH)对苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)伴孢晶体的损伤作用。结果表明,这两种活性氧对伴孢晶体均有一定程度的损伤作用,这种损伤作用与活性氧的浓度成正相关,并且·OH对伴孢晶体的损伤作用明显强于H2O2。  相似文献   

4.
结合苏芸金杆菌不同品系毒力差异,对伴孢晶体形态、血清学特性进行了比较研究。对分属于7个血清型的19个林系的伴孢晶体观察表明:晶体形态以品系而异与分类属性无关;晶体可归为五个类型:菱形、嵌合形、球形、立方形、不规则形。发现具有嵌合形多的菌株对鳞趔目幼虫毒力不仅高,且在有毒力的菌株中嵌合形并不罕见;不规则形无毒力。对毒力差异大的菌株采用密度梯度离心提纯了其伴孢晶体,进行双向琼脂糖免疫扩敞试验,证明了晶体形态与其对昆虫的毒力有关。  相似文献   

5.
本文介绍了用紫外光吸收法定量测定苏芸金杆菌制剂中伴孢晶体蛋白质的方法。本方法从样品处理到测定完成只需4个小时,方法简便准确。用此法俭出伴孢晶体蛋白质所指示的毒力效价,与昆虫生测之间有较好的相关性。  相似文献   

6.
谷氨酸对苏云金杆菌的芽孢和伴孢晶体的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
研究了不同浓度的谷氨酸对苏云金芽孢杆菌形态、菌体浓度及芽孢和件孢晶体的影响.研究表明,一定浓度的谷氨酸有利于菌体的生长并能够提高菌体的增殖速度,对芽孢和伴孢晶体的形态没有明显的影响,但对芽孢的裂解有明显地抑制作用.  相似文献   

7.
苏云金芽孢杆菌δ—内毒素的杀虫机理及其增效途径   总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12  
苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacilusthuringiensis,Bt)制剂是当前应用最广、最有效的微生物杀虫剂。Bt属于革兰氏阳性细菌,在形成芽孢的同时,产生伴孢晶体。伴孢晶体是Bt杀虫活性的主要来源,它可能由几种晶体蛋白即δ-内毒素组成。δ-内毒素的专一...  相似文献   

8.
本研究用有PYR-2A管式炉裂解器和CR2A计算机的GC-9A气相色谱仪,对3种标准蛋白和8个变种的11株苏芸金杆菌的晶体蛋白进行了表征,通过指纹图的分析,表明苏芸金杆菌不同亚种的晶体蛋白,既有峰群的特异性,亦有峰高比值的特异性,揭示了伴孢晶体在分子组成和构象上的多样性。同时,证明了PGLC分析鉴别伴孢晶体的可行性。  相似文献   

9.
采用HCl将蛋白质彻底水解的方法对苏云金芽孢杆菌HD-1伴孢晶体的水解规律和酸水解条件下芳香族氨基酸的被破坏程度进行了研究,不经衍生HPLC法直接测定水解样中酪氨酸的含量。得出酸水解的最佳时间为24h、水解剂的用量为1.0mlHCl/mg伴孢晶体、水解最佳温度为110℃。该研究为Bt制剂毒力效价的测定奠定了基础。  相似文献   

10.
在透射和扫描电镜下观察了土壤来源的94株苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)的菌体、鞭毛、芽孢及伴孢晶体的形态。以快速SDS—PAGE法分析了全部菌株δ-内毒素的蛋白质成分。用鳞翅目、鞘翅且及双翅目的9种昆虫进行了毒力试验。筛选出了数株杀鞘翅目和杀夜蛾科害虫的高效菌。发现了一些新型伴孢晶体,其形态和蛋白质成分均未报道过。  相似文献   

11.
PC407 is an effective COX-2 inhibitor in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug development but the poor solubility limits their usefulness. The aim of the study was to prepare and evaluate 4-oxo-4-[4-(5-(naphthalen-2-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzenesulfonamido]butyrate disodium, a derivative of PC407 with enhanced water solubility for injectable formulation. The prepared derivative displayed interesting high aqueous solubility (20.3 mg/mL, much superior to the parent compound PC407, 1.6 μg/mL) with confirmed in vivo analgesic activity. This derivative represents the profiles of prodrug and potential candidate of PC407 for the development of injectable COX-2 inhibitor due to extraordinary water solubility, low toxicity, and impressive analgesic activity.  相似文献   

12.
【目的】为发掘和利用蜂粮中拮抗菌资源,对分离获得的拮抗细菌菌株PC2进行分类鉴定,并测定其发酵液抑菌物质基本特性。【方法】采用改良牛津杯双层平板法测定菌株发酵液抑菌谱及温度、p H、紫外线和蛋白酶对其抑菌活性稳定性的影响,菌株鉴定结合形态学、生理生化特征和16S r RNA基因序列分析,硫酸铵沉淀法和盐酸沉淀有机溶剂提取法进行抑菌活性物质的初步分离。【结果】从3种蜂粮中分离筛选得到17株拮抗菌株,其中1株细菌PC2以马铃薯葡萄糖液体培养基发酵制备的无菌发酵液对7种供试菌株具有较强抑制作用,经形态、生理生化特征及16S r RNA基因序列分析,将其初步鉴定为解淀粉芽胞杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)。菌株发酵液抑菌活性对温度、酸和紫外线具有较强的稳定性,对蛋白酶K、胃蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶处理敏感。菌株发酵液存在抑菌蛋白和脂肽类物质。【结论】菌株PC2在食品保鲜和农业生防中具有潜在的开发应用价值。  相似文献   

13.
The solubility of phosphatidylcholine (PC) was studied by the spectroscopic analysis and the measurement of the solubility. The qualitative analysis of infrared absorptionspectra confirmed the existence of two types of hydrogen bondings between chloroform and PC, one between chloroform and the CO group of PC and the other between chloroform and the phosphorylcholine group of PC. The quantitative analysiss of the C6 stretching vibration bands of the chloroform-d solution of PC showed that the latter hydrogen bonding mainly contributes to the solubility and that PC dissolves in chloroform to form a complex consisting of a few or more molecules of chloroform and one molecule of PC. We discussed in this report about the molecular organization of PC in chloroform solution.  相似文献   

14.
We have developed a method to incorporate the membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin into polymerized bilayers composed of a diacetylenic phosphatidylcholine, 1,2-bis(tricosa-10,12-diynoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DC8,9PC) and a non-polymerizable phospholipid, dinonanoylphosphatidylcholine (DNPC). The extent of DC8,9PC polymerization in the bilayer was significantly improved when 2:1 mole ratio DNPC-DC8,9PC was used. Octyl glucopyranoside-solubilized bacteriorhodopsin was inserted into the polymerized DNPC-DC8,9PC bilayers by overnight incubation at 4 degrees C followed by dialysis to remove the detergent. The protein was inserted into the membranes after photo-polymerization to avoid inactivation of the protein due to the UV irradiation. The insertion of bacteriorhodopsin into the polymerized DNPC-DC8,9PC membranes was confirmed by density gradient centrifugation, UV/visible spectroscopy, and freeze fracture electron microscopy. The polymerized DNPC-DC8,9PC membranes containing bacteriorhodopsin were about 10% protein by weight. These results suggest that mixed lipid systems such as the DNPC-DC8,9PC can be used to improve both the extent of polymerization and the efficiency of membrane protein incorporation in the polymerized bilayer.  相似文献   

15.
This study aimed to analyze the final fermentation culture of Bacillus sphaericus 2362, standardize it and develop an active tablet formulation for use in urban mosquito breeding sites. It was performed in three phases: analysis and standardization of a B. sphaericus fermented culture; physical, chemical, and biological analysis of the active powder (solubility, residual humidity, particle size, resting angle, flowing off time, compacted density, and biological activity against Culex quinquefasciatus larvae); and the development of fast-disintegrating tablets. Five formulations with differing compositions were developed and a UV protector was added to the selected formulation. The formulation products with or without UV protector, as well as the active powder caused 100% larval mortality from 1 day to 2 months after a single treatment under simulated field conditions. These results show that the UV protector does not affect the initial larvicide activity of B. sphaericus, nor its persistence over a period of two months.  相似文献   

16.
In order to breed a high-yield β-galactosidase-producing strain, Aspergillus oryzae was used as the parent strain and mutagenized with ultraviolet (UV) and UV plus lithium chloride (LiCl), respectively. After being mutagenized by UV, the β-galactosidase activity of mutant UV-15-20 reached 114.08 U/mL, which revealed a 49.22% increase compared with the original strain. A mutant UV-LiCl-38 with high β-galactosidase activity (121.42U/mL) was obtained after compound mutagenesis of UV and LiCl; the β-galactosidase activity of this mutant was 58.82% higher than that of the parent strain. Subculture testing indicated that UV-15-20 and UV-LiCl-38 had good hereditary stability and may be ideal strains for the production of β-galactosidase. Additionally, it was demonstrated that compound mutagenesis with UV and LiCl is an effective mutation method for breeding industrially interesting strains.  相似文献   

17.

Pediococcus acidilactici is a widely used probiotic, and Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum (SG) is a significant pathogen in the poultry industry. In this study, we improved the antimicrobial activity of P. acidilactici against SG using UV mutation and genome shuffling (GS). To improve antimicrobial activity against SG, UV mutagenesis was performed against wild-type P. acidilactici (WT), and five mutants showed improved antimicrobial activity. To further improve antimicrobial activity, GS was performed on five UV mutants. Following GS, four mutants showed improved antimicrobial activity compared with the UV mutants and WT. The antimicrobial activity of GS1 was highest among the mutants; however, the activity was reduced when the culture supernatant was treated with proteinase K, suggesting that the improved antimicrobial activity is due to a proteinous substance such as bacteriocin. To validate the activity of GS1 in vivo, we designed multi-species probiotics and performed broiler feeding experiments. Groups consisted of no treatment (NC), avilamycin-treated (PC), probiotic group 1 containing WT (T1), and probiotic group 2 containing GS1 (T2). In broiler feeding experiments, coliform bacteria were significantly reduced in T2 compared with NC, PC, and T1. The cecal microbiota was modulated and pathogenic bacteria were reduced by GS1 oral administration. In this study, GS1 showed improved antimicrobial activity against SG in vitro and reduced pathogenic bacteria in a broiler feeding experiment. These results suggest that GS1 can serve as an efficient probiotic, as an alternative to antibiotics in the poultry industry.

  相似文献   

18.
1. Solubility curves of crude pepsin preparations indicate the presence of more than one protein. 2. One of these proteins has been isolated and crystallized and found to have constant activity and constant solubility in several solvents. 3. The solubility measurements are complicated by the unstable nature of the protein and the fact that in certain solvents the solubility of the protein is markedly affected by the presence of non-protein nitrogen decomposition products while in others this is not the case. 4. A more insoluble protein has been prepared of lower solubility and lower activity, as measured by hemoglobin digestion. The activity, as measured by the digestion of other proteins, is about the same as the more soluble fraction. This insoluble fraction does not have constant solubility. 5. Mixtures of the insoluble and the soluble fractions give preparations having rounded solubility curves typical of solid solutions and resembling very closely those of the original preparation. 6. A small amount of pepsinogen and pepsin from pepsinogen has been separated which has nearly twice the enzymatic activity on hemoglobin as does the most active pepsin previously isolated.  相似文献   

19.
The molecular organization of cholesterol in 1,2-didocosahexaenoylphosphatidylcholine (22:6-22:6PC) and 1-stearoyl-2-docosahexaenoylphosphatidylcholine (18:0-22:6PC) bilayers was investigated. Using low- and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), we determined that the solubility of the sterol at 20 degrees C was 11 +/- 3 mol % in 22:6-22:6PC vs 55 +/- 3 mol % in 18:0-22:6PC bilayers. Solubility in the dipolyunsaturated membrane rose to 17 +/- 3 mol % at 40 degrees C, while in the saturated-polyunsaturated membrane there was no change within experimental uncertainty. We compared the molecular orientation of [3alpha-(2)H(1)]cholesterol incorporated into 22:6-22:6PC bilayers to its solubility limit and into 18:0-22:6PC bilayers to a comparable concentration (10 mol %) in solid-state (2)H NMR experiments. The sterol possessed a tilt angle alpha(0) = 24 degrees +/- 1 degrees in 22:6-22:6PC that was independent of temperature over a range from 20 to 40 degrees C. In contrast, the value was alpha(0) = 21 degrees +/- 1 degrees in 18:0-22:6 bilayers at 20 degrees C and increased to alpha(0) = 24 degrees +/- 1 degrees at 40 degrees C. We attribute the low solubility of cholesterol in 22:6-22:6PC membranes to steric incompatibility between the rigid steroid moiety and the highly disordered docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) chain, which has the potential to promote lateral heterogeneity within DHA-rich membranes. Considering 22:6-22:6PC to be the most unsaturated phospholipid found in vivo, this model membrane study provides a point of reference for elucidating the role of sterol-lipid interactions in controlling local compositional organization. Our results form the basis for a model that is consistent with cholesterol's ability to modulate the activity of certain neural transmembrane proteins.  相似文献   

20.
杀虫遗传工程荧光假单胞菌IPP202部分生物学特性   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
对遗传工程荧光假单胞菌IPP202进行了质粒稳定性检 测、抑菌活性测定、在棉花根部和叶面定殖能力分析、杀虫蛋白抗紫外能力检测及田间杀虫 活性测定等试验。结果表明,工程菌与出发菌株P303相比,其抑菌、定殖等有益于植物的优 良特性未发生显著变化;经过连续培养和连续稀释培养后工程菌的质粒都非常稳定;广波长 紫外线照射2 h后,苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,简称Bt)由于裸露的伴 孢晶体杀虫蛋白受紫外线破坏因而杀虫活性大大下降,而荧光假单胞菌工程菌的活性变化不 大;IPP202田间杀虫活性与Bt野生菌株接近。工程菌有望解决Bt本身存在的杀虫蛋白多以裸 露晶体的形式存在而易受紫外线破坏的弱点,同时也发挥了P303菌株在多种植物上定殖能力 的优点,使其具有在植物周围大量繁殖而直到杀虫作用的优势。通过进一步研究,将有望构 建成更有实用价值的工程菌。  相似文献   

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