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1.
白念珠菌是侵袭性念珠菌病最常见的致病菌,其耐药问题使临床治疗面临着严峻的挑战。白念珠菌常见的耐药机制包括药物靶点突变或上调、药物外排增加、生物被膜形成等,近年来代谢调节、线粒体功能改变、选择性剪切等机制也受到了广泛关注。了解白念珠菌耐药机制有助于探索研究全新结构的抗真菌药物和开发更多有效的抗耐药真菌策略。该文就白念珠菌耐药机制研究进展进行综述。  相似文献   

2.
白念珠菌生物对多种传统抗真菌药物高度耐药,日益增多的白念珠菌生物膜相关感染引起抗真菌药物治疗的失败加重了患者及社会的经济负担,这已经成为临床医生所面临的重要问题.该文旨在阐明白念珠菌生物膜的临床重要性,并从多方面阐述白念珠菌生物膜的结构特点、形成机制、防治现状的最新研究进展,为白念珠菌的研究及临床防治策略提供参考.  相似文献   

3.
白念珠菌耐药的分子机制研究进展   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
近年来,免疫受损人群不断增多,该人群念珠菌病发病率呈上升趋势。随着抗真菌药物的广泛应用,临床分离到的白念珠菌耐药株增多,有关白念珠菌对抗真菌药物的耐药机制的研究又有了进一步的进展。就白念珠菌对唑类、多烯类、5-氟胞嘧啶、棘白菌素类等抗真菌药物的耐药机制方面的研究进展,作了介绍。  相似文献   

4.
侵袭性念珠菌病(invasive candidiasis,IC)是住院患者特别是免疫力低下患者重要的感染性疾病。抗真菌药物治疗是最有效的处理方式,但抗真菌药物的种类非常有限,并已出现了多种药物耐药。棘白菌素类药物能够抑制真菌特有的葡聚糖合成酶,因此毒力低、临床疗效好,是治疗IC的一类关键药物。但近几年棘白菌素耐药有上升趋势,并常常表现为多重耐药,给临床治疗带来了巨大挑战。其耐药机制主要包括FKS突变、细胞压力应答、生物膜等。预防用药、腹腔念珠菌病、定植等是导致棘白菌素耐药的危险因素。了解念珠菌棘白菌素耐药的机制和危险因素对临床诊断和治疗决策的制定十分重要。  相似文献   

5.
近年来随着白念珠菌发病率增加,耐药率也日渐上升,其中白念珠菌生物膜的形成是其耐药原因之一,生物膜的形成需经过4个阶段,每个阶段由不同转录因子调控,共同促进生物膜的发育。该文主要概括在生物膜形成各个阶段中转录因子可能的作用机制,以便了解白念珠菌生物膜的调控机制,进而为白念珠菌临床治疗提供新的视野。  相似文献   

6.
深部念珠菌感染已经成为最常见的医院获得性感染之一,其中白念珠菌是最主要的病原菌.白念珠菌难以防治的重要原因在于其具有广泛的耐药性.因此研究白念珠菌的耐药机制,寻找新的药物作用靶点都是目前需迫切解决的难题.采用基因敲除技术研究白念珠菌的耐药性已十分成熟.本文主要从方法学的角度总结了用于白念珠菌基因敲除的主要策略及其优缺点.  相似文献   

7.
中草药抗白念珠菌作用研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
白念珠菌,是人类最常见的真菌病原体,可引起各种浅表及深部真菌病,对常用抗真菌药物易产生耐药.文章就近年来有关中草药抗白念珠菌的相关临床及实验研究进行综述,主要从中草药抗白念珠菌的作用机制及其活性成分、单味及复方中草药制剂抗白念珠菌作用、中西药协同抗白念珠菌作用几个方面进行阐述.  相似文献   

8.
白念珠菌是与人类共生的条件致病真菌,能引起免疫力低下患者皮肤黏膜和全身系统性持续感染.系统性念珠菌病是引起免疫力低下患者死亡的主要原因之一.由于临床缺乏念珠菌病的早期诊疗手段、可用的抗真菌药物种类有限且毒副作用大、耐药菌株越来越普遍、新药研发难度大等因素,抗真菌治疗依然面临着严峻挑战.目前有较多研究者致力于阐明白念珠菌感染的宿主免疫应答机制,并试图研发抗白念珠菌感染的免疫治疗方法,使免疫治疗有望成为预防和治疗真菌感染的有效手段.该文将几种抗白念珠菌感染的疫苗和抗体研究进展作简要概述,旨在为新型抗白念珠菌感染疫苗及抗体的研究提供参考.  相似文献   

9.
近年来,光滑念珠菌侵入性感染及其耐棘白菌素治疗失败的病例不断增多,深入研究其耐药机制十分有必要。Fks突变在光滑念珠菌棘白菌素耐药发生的过程中有着极其重要的地位,其与棘白菌素的MIC值及体内治疗结果密切相关,且有很多因素可以对Fks突变的发生及其作用产生影响。  相似文献   

10.
白念珠菌唑类药物耐药相关转录因子研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
近年来白念珠菌的感染率呈逐年上升趋势,随着唑类药物的广泛应用,耐药菌株不断增多,已成为临床治疗的一大难题.白念珠菌的耐药机制主要与ERG 11基因的突变和过表达、药物外排泵相关基因表达增多及生物膜的形成等有关,由于转录因子是耐药基因表达的关键调节因子,关于锌簇转录因子与耐药关系的研究越来越多,如TAC 1、MRR 1、MRR 2、UPC 2、NDT 80等,其点突变可引起某些耐药基因的过表达而介导耐药,该领域研究已成为热点,该文就此研究进展做一概述.  相似文献   

11.
Since the discovery of 3'-azido-3'deoxthymidine (zidovudine) as an effective antiretroviral agent against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), drug therapy has been widely used in the treatment of AIDS. To date, new combination therapies have significantly altered the longterm prognosis for HIV-infected patients showing a reduction of plasma viral load, associated with clinical and immunological recovery. Nevertheless, in various circumstances treatment can fail for several reasons, such as patient noncompliance with the therapeutic regimen, suboptimal antiviral drug concentrations, drug pharmacokinetics, and virus resistance to one or more drugs. Virus drug resistance is the most important factor contributing to the failure of antiretroviral therapy. Since some evidence indicates that viral resistance and treatment failure are closely linked, this brief review explores the routine determination of drug resistance and its importance to shed more light on the meaning of mutations correlated to drug resistance.  相似文献   

12.
13.
针对人表皮生长因子受体HER2 的靶向制剂曲妥珠单抗,显著改善了HER2 阳性乳腺癌转移患者疾病的发展状况,提高了 患者的总体生存期(OS),然而耐药现象时有发生。其它靶向制剂如帕妥珠单抗,酪氨酸激酶受体抑制剂拉帕替尼和ado-transtusumab emtansine等克服了其耐药性,为治疗提供了更多选择。这些HER2 靶向制剂单用或联用已显示出良好的临床功效,但最 佳治疗次序依然未知。随着新型靶向制剂的出现,最佳治疗方案的研究成为热点。本篇综述重点阐述了目前HER2 阳性乳腺癌转 移患者最佳治疗方案的研究进展,以及新型靶向制剂的现有状况。  相似文献   

14.
In China, the estimated number of HIV infected cases is approaching one million. Although public education has been initiated for awareness and behavioral modification for this devastating infection, better diagnostic methods are needed to identify infected persons and manage infection. Simple and more accurate diagnostic tools have become available,particularly for early detection and to monitor treatment in those who receive anti-retroviral treatment. In this short review, we summarize some of the common and new methodologies that can be used in clinical laboratories, in the field,or in private laboratories. These range from simple antibody tests to more sophistical methods that are used to monitor disease progression and identify drug resistance. These tools can assist physicians, medical practitioners, and laboratory personnel to select suitable diagnostic tools for the diagnosis, blood screening, monitoring of disease progression, and for detection of drug resistance to anti-retroviral therapies.  相似文献   

15.
DIAGNOSIS OF HIV-1 INFECTION The diagnosis of HIV infection is most commonly ac- complished using tests to detect antibody to HIV using a screening test, followed by a supplemental test for confirmation. However, in many countries, including China, screen…  相似文献   

16.
In China, the estimated number of HIV infected cases is approaching one million. Although public education has been initiated for awareness and behavioral modification for this devastating infection, better diagnostic methods are needed to identify infected persons and manage infection. Simple and more accurate diagnostic tools have become available, particularly for early detection and to monitor treatment in those who receive anti-retroviral treatment. In this short review, we summarize some of the common and new methodologies that can be used in clinical laboratories, in the field, or in private laboratories. These range from simple antibody tests to more sophistical methods that are used to monitor disease progression and identify drug resistance. These tools can assist physicians, medical practitioners, and laboratory personnel to select suitable diagnostic tools for the diagnosis, blood screening, monitoring of disease progression, and for detection of drug resistance to anti-retroviral therapies.  相似文献   

17.
New inhibitors are urgently needed to overcome the burgeoning problem of drug resistance in the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Targeting the folate pathway has proved to be a powerful strategy for drug development against rapidly multiplying systems such as cancer cells and microorganisms. Antifolates have long been used for malaria treatment but, despite their success, much less is known about parasite folate metabolism than about that of the human host. In this article, we focus on folate enzymes used clinically as anticancer drug targets, in addition to those that have potential to be used as drug targets, for which there are inhibitors at various stages of development. We discuss how this information could lead to the identification of new targets in malaria parasites.  相似文献   

18.
Constantine NT  Kabat W  Zhao RY 《Cell research》2005,15(11-12):870-876
In China, the estimated number of HIV infected cases is approaching one million. Although public education has been initiated for awareness and behavioral modification for this devastating infection, better diagnostic methods are needed to identify infected persons and manage infection. Simple and more accurate diagnostic tools have become available, particularly for early detection and to monitor treatment in those who receive anti-retroviral treatment. In this short review, we summarize some of the common and new methodologies that can be used in clinical laboratories, in the field, or in private laboratories. These range from simple antibody tests to more sophistical methods that are used to monitor disease progression and identify drug resistance. These tools can assist physicians, medical practitioners, and laboratory personnel to select suitable diagnostic tools for the diagnosis, blood screening, monitoring of disease progression, and for detection of drug resistance to anti-retroviral therapies.  相似文献   

19.
Genes of multidrug resistance in haematological malignancies   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
Since the early 1970s, multiple drug resistance has been known to exist in cancer cells and is thought to be attributable to a membrane-bound, energy-dependent pump protein (P-glycoprotein [P-gp]) capable of extruding various related and unrelated chemotherapeutic drugs. The development of refractory disease in haematological malignancies is frequently associated with the expression of one or several multidrug resistance (MDR) genes. MDR1, multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) and lung-resistance protein (LRP) have been identified as important adverse prognostic factors. Recently it has become possible to reverse clinical MDR by blocking P-gp-mediated drug efflux. The potential relevance of these reversal agents of MDR as well as the potential new approaches to treat the refractory disease are discussed in this article. In addition, an array of different molecules and mechanisms by which resistant cells can escape the cytotoxic effect of anticancer drugs has now been identified. These molecules and mechanisms include apoptosis-related proteins and drug inactivation enzymes. Resistance to chemotherapy is believed to cause treatment failure in more than 50% patients. Clearly, if drug resistance could be overcome, the impact on survival would be highly significant. This review focuses on molecular mechanism of drug resistance in haematological malignancies with emphasis on molecules involved in MDR. In addition, it brings the survey of methods involved in determination of MDR, in particular P-gp/MDR1, MRP and LRP.  相似文献   

20.
This paper seeks to define and quantify the influence of drug elimination half-life on the evolution of antimalarial drug resistance. There are assumed to be three general classes of susceptibility of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum to a drug: Res0, the original, susceptible wildtype; Res1, a group of intermediate levels of susceptibility that are more tolerant of the drug but still cleared by treatment; and Res2, which is completely resistant to the drug. Res1 and Res2 resistance both evolve much faster if the antimalarial drug has a long half-life. We show that previous models have significantly underestimated the rate of evolution of Res2 resistance by omitting the effects of drug half-life. The methodology has been extended to investigate (i) the effects of using drugs in combination, particularly when the components have differing half-lives, and (ii) the specific example of the development of resistance to the antimalarial pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine. An important detail of the model is the development of drug resistance in two separate phases. In phase A, Res1 is spreading and replacing the original sensitive forms while Res2 remains at a low level. Phase B starts once parasites are selected that can escape drug action (Res1 genotypes with borderline chemosensitivity, and Res2): these parasites are rapidly selected, a process that leads to widespread clinical failure. Drug treatment is clinically successful during phase A, and health workers may be unaware of the substantial changes in parasite population genetic structure that predicate the onset of phase B. Surveillance programs are essential, following the introduction of a new drug, to monitor effectively changes in treatment efficacy and thus provide advance warning of drug failure. The model is also applicable to the evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria: in particular, the need for these models to incorporate drug pharmacokinetics to avoid potentially large errors in their predictions.  相似文献   

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