中国沼野蝇属一新种附该属的种检索表及属征(双翅目:麻蝇科)

沼野蝇属Goniophyto Townsend, 1927已记载有6种,其中2种分布于中国。本文描述了在上海蝇类调查中发现的该属1新种G. shanghaiensis的两性特征,并附该属的种检索表及属征的修订。模式标本存于上海出入境检验检疫局媒介生物实验室。上海沼野蝇 Goniophyto shanghaiensis,新种(图 1~6) 本种♂额角几为直角与九州沼野蝇G. horri Kurahashi et Suenaga, 1994近缘;但胫节棕色而非黑色,侧尾叶后缘端半呈直角形明显内凹而非稍微内凹,阳茎腹方有一对宽的近端侧突而非仅呈细长管状。正模:♂,上海南汇区,2005-Ⅺ-25,邓耀华、陈之梓采;副模:5♂♂10♀♀,上海崇明岛,2005-Ⅵ-26,邓耀华、陈之梓采。     

中国沼蝇科二新种（双翅目：沼蝇总科）

记述采自中国河北与云南的沼蝇科2新种：短条负菊沼蝇Pherbellia brevistria-ta,sp.nov.和黑条基芒沼蝇Tetanocera nigrostriata sp.nov.。模式标本保存于中国农业大学昆虫学系昆虫标本室。     

中国沼蝇科二新种（双翅目：沼蝇科）

本文记述了采自中国东北沼蝇科的二个新种:Pherbellia orientalis sp.nov.属于该属的P.dorsata种团,其主要特征是翅部分为黑色,前足基跗节为鲜明的白色;Elgivamanchuricasp.nov.与该属的一个种E.divisa(Loew)相似,但可从新种光裸的前胸腹板和不同形状构造的雄性外生殖器予以区别。 新种的模式标本保存于德国波恩Alexander Koenig博物馆。     

中国圆蝇属一新种（双翅目：蝇科）

本文绘图描述黑鳞圆蝇新种Ｍｙｄａｅａｎｉｇｒｉｂａｓｉｃｏｓｔａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ，并讨论了该种与近似种的鉴别特征。模式标本保存于沈阳师范学院昆虫研究所。     

中国四川阳蝇属二新种及华西粪蝇补充描述（双翅目：蝇科，粪蝇科）

报道中国四川地区蝇科阳蝇属Helina Robineau-Desvoidy,1830二新种,黑肩阳蝇Helina ateritegula,sp.nov.,拱阳蝇Helina arcuatiabdomina,sp.nov.,并对粪蝇科粪蝇属Scathophaga Meigen,1803的华西粪蝇Scathophaga chinensis (Malloch,1935)作补充描述,新种模式标本存中国科学院上海昆虫研究所昆虫标本馆。     

四川细麻蝇属一新种——双翅目:麻蝇科)

整理近年来采自四川省西部地区的麻蝇科标本,发现细麻蝇属Pierretia R.-D.1863一新种,特此描述。正模标本保存于沈阳师范学院生物系。 葫突细麻蝇Pierretia lageniharpes新种 鉴别特征 新种雄性肛尾叶末端呈喙状;前阳基侧突端半部呈槽状;阳茎膜状突-     

中国辽宁蕨蝇属一新种(双翅目:花蝇科)

发现分布于我国辽宁省的花蝇科Anthomyiidae蕨蝇属Chirosia一新种:附突蕨蝇Chirosia appendiprotuberans sp.nov.。模式标本采自辽宁省本溪市,文中给出了新种的种类描述、特征图和属的隶属问题。     

齿股蝇属二新种：（双翅目：蝇科）

本文记述了蝇科齿股蝇属Ｈｙｄｒｏｔａｅａ虎股齿股蝇Ｈｙｄｒｏｔａｅａ ｔｉｇｒｉｆｅｍｏｒａｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。豹股齿股蝇Ｈｙｄｒｏｔａｅａ ｐａｒｄｉｆｅｍｏｒａｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．二新种,均隶于小齿股蝇种团Ｈｙｄｒｏｔａｅａ ｐａｒｖａ－ｇｒｏｐ,分别描述并绘图。新种模式标本保存于沈阳师范学昆虫研究所。     

河北省有瓣蝇类研究(一)(双翅目:蝇科)

整理近年来采自河北省蝇科标本,发现阳蝇属Helina R.-D.二新种和棘蝇属Phaonia R.-D一新种,特此描述。模式标本存于沈阳师范学院生物系。 1.黑古阳蝇Helina nigricnnosa Xue et Zhao,新种(图1—4)     

中国贵州妙蝇属(双翅目,蝇科)研究及双色妙蝇群一新种记述(英文)

系贵州地区妙蝇属Myospila Rondani研究的系列论文之一,记述该属1新种群:双色妙蝇群Myospila bina species group并描述新种群1新种:长妙蝇Myospi lalonga sp.nov.。文中给出了双色妙蝇群的定义,编制了新种群所有已知种的检索表,描述了其详细的形态特征及其与近缘种的鉴别特征。新种的模式标本保存于作者所在单位。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Shapes of curves of pH-dependence of reactions

A simple case is considered in which the rate of a two-step reaction depends on pH because the intermediate formed in the first step has to gain (or lose) a proton before it can react in the second step, and in which the rate-determining step therefore changes with pH. The curves of reaction rate against pH are shown to be symmetrical, and the sharpest peak possible has a width at half its height of 1.53pH units, i.e. of 2log(3+2 radical2). Any particular curve for this situation proves to be identical with a curve that could be generated for the pH-dependence of a single-step reaction in which the rate is proportional to the concentration of a particular ionic form of a reactant. Curves for the latter situation, however, can have forms impossible for the former case in which the rate-determining step changes, but only if the protonations that activate and deactivate the reactant are co-operative. The peak can then become even sharper, and its width at half its height can fall to 1.14pH units, i.e. to 2log(2+ radical3).     

Overview of mechanisms of action of lycopene

Dietary intakes of tomatoes and tomato products containing lycopene have been shown to be associated with decreased risk of chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases in numerous studies. Serum and tissue lycopene levels have also been inversely related to the risk of lung and prostate cancers. Lycopene functions as a very potent antioxidant, and this is clearly a major important mechanism of lycopene action. In this regard, lycopene can trap singlet oxygen and reduce mutagenesis in the Ames test. However, evidence is accumulating for other mechanisms as well. Lycopene at physiological concentrations can inhibit human cancer cell growth by interfering with growth factor receptor signaling and cell cycle progression specifically in prostate cancer cells without evidence of toxic effects or apoptosis of cells. Studies using human and animal cells have identified a gene, connexin 43, whose expression is upregulated by lycopene and which allows direct intercellular gap junctional communication (GJC). GJC is deficient in many human tumors and its restoration or upregulation is associated with decreased proliferation. The combination of low concentrations of lycopene with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 exhibits a synergistic effect on cell proliferation and differentiation and an additive effect on cell cycle progression in the HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell line, suggesting some interaction at a nuclear or subcellular level. The combination of lycopene and lutein synergistically interact as antioxidants, and this may relate to specific positioning of different carotenoids in membranes. This review will focus on the growing body of evidence that carotenoids have unexpected biologic effects in experimental systems, some of which may contribute to their cancer preventive properties in models of carcinogenesis. Consideration of solubility in vitro, comparison with doses achieved in humans by dietary means, interactions with other phytochemicals, and other potential mechanisms such as stimulation of xenobiotic metabolism, inhibition of cholesterogenesis, modulation of cyclooxygenase pathways, and inhibition of inflammation will be considered. This review will point out areas for future research where more evidence is needed on the effects of lycopene on the etiology of chronic disease.