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1.
中国迁徙鸣禽类的保护面对着与世界其他地区如欧洲和北美洲鸟类保护相似的挑战。迁徙鸣禽类具有复杂生活周期和很大的空间关联。迁徙过程中发生的事件对迁徙鸣禽类种群动态具有决定作用。对于鸣禽类迁徙中途停歇期的生态,比如停歇期的长短,能量的积累,生境的利用等,了解还非常有限。在中国东北部的一个鸟类迁徙停歇地对红胁蓝尾鸲(Tarsiger cyanurus)的中途停歇生态包括迁徙时间、停歇时间、能量状态和性比进行了研究。2002年秋和2003年春分别捕获了1751只和684只红胁蓝尾鸲。红胁蓝尾鸲的体重在秋季迁徙时要比在春季迁徙时重。春季雌性红胁蓝尾鸲停歇时的能量状态指数最低; 而秋季的红胁蓝尾鸲比春季的红胁蓝尾鸲停歇时间更长。无论季节和性别,红胁蓝尾鸲的能量状态指数和第1次捕获的时间早晚成正相关, 间接证明红胁蓝尾鸲在停歇期间能够比较快地积累能量。秋季雄性红胁蓝尾鸲日体重净增率最大。估测秋季停歇期的每日能量净增能维持红胁蓝尾鸲雌性0.6h和雄性3.1h的飞行。红胁蓝尾鸲的中途停歇生态与北美和欧洲一些迁徙鸣禽类很相似。比如,春季迁徙过境的时间和脂肪积累的变化与自然选择对雄性的要求:当食物和气候适宜时尽快到达繁殖地的假设是一致的。对迁徙中途的停歇生态研究有利于更好地了解鸟类的迁徙行为和更有效地保护迁徙鸣禽类。  相似文献   

2.
中国迁徙鸣禽类的保护面对着与世界其他地区如欧洲和北美洲鸟类保护相似的挑战.迁徙鸣禽类具有复杂生活周期和很大的空间关联.迁徙过程中发生的事件对迁徙鸣禽类种群动态具有决定作用.对于鸣禽类迁徙中途停歇期的生态,比如停歇期的长短,能量的积累,生境的利用等,了解还非常有限.在中国东北部的一个鸟类迁徙停歇地对红胁蓝尾鸲(Tarsiger cyanurus)的中途停歇生态包括迁徙时间、停歇时间、能量状态和性比进行了研究.2002年秋和2003年春分别捕获了1751只和684只红胁蓝尾鸲.红胁蓝尾鸲的体重在秋季迁徙时要比在春季迁徙时重.春季雌性红胁蓝尾鸲停歇时的能量状态指数最低;而秋季的红胁蓝尾鸲比春季的红胁蓝尾鸲停歇时间更长.无论季节和性别,红胁蓝尾鸲的能量状态指数和第1次捕获的时间早晚成正相关,间接证明红胁蓝尾鸲在停歇期间能够比较快地积累能量.秋季雄性红胁蓝尾鸲日体重净增率最大.估测秋季停歇期的每日能量净增能维持红胁蓝尾鸲雌性0.6h和雄性3.1h的飞行.红胁蓝尾鸲的中途停歇生态与北美和欧洲一些迁徙鸣禽类很相似.比如,春季迁徙过境的时间和脂肪积累的变化与自然选择对雄性的要求:当食物和气候适宜时尽快到达繁殖地的假设是一致的.对迁徙中途的停歇生态研究有利于更好地了解鸟类的迁徙行为和更有效地保护迁徙鸣禽类.  相似文献   

3.
野外研究于2002和2003年秋季在帽儿山地区进行。帽儿山地区秋季可供鸟类取食的肉质果植物种类繁多,黄檗(Phellodendronamurense)和山荆子(Malusbaccata)是最主要的两种植物。帽儿山地区迁徙性食果实鸟类共9种,包括夏候鸟和旅鸟5种,冬候鸟4种。主要的食果实鸟类是斑鸫(Turdusnaumanni)、灰背鸫(T.hortulorum)和北朱雀(Carpodacusroseus),前两种为食果肉鸟类,后一种是食种子鸟类。斑鸫主要取食黄檗果实,灰背鸫主要取食山荆子果实,北朱雀主要取食黄檗种子。食果实鸟类在秋季也捕食一些动物性食物。3种主要食果实鸟类的迁徙日期不同。灰背鸫最先迁离,斑鸫稍晚,北朱雀最后到此越冬。果实丰歉年对鸟类的迁徙有一定的影响。  相似文献   

4.
2012年4月17日,笔者在四川省成都市四川大学华西校区的药用植物园(30°38″24’N,104°03″59’E)进行成都春季林地迁徙野鸟调查时,观察到一只与白眉鸫Turdus obscurus结伴觅食,但形态存在明显差异的鸫属鸟类,经拍摄图片鉴定确认,为四川省鸟类新纪录——褐头鸫Turdus feae。野外观察该鸟体型、白色眉纹和眼下白斑、飞行时发出嘶声等均与白眉鸫近似,但头部、  相似文献   

5.
迁徙鸟类中途停歇期的生理生态学研究   总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2  
马志军  王勇  陈家宽 《生态学报》2005,25(11):3067-6075
大多数候鸟的迁徙活动由迁徙飞行和中途停歇两个部分组成。在迁徙过程中,鸟类要多次交替经历消耗能量的飞行阶段和积累能量的中途停歇阶段。从鸟类在中途停歇时期的能量积累速度、体重变化模式以及迁徙飞行中的禁食或食物限制、食物种类的改变、中途停歇的能量快速积累过程对消化器官的影响等方面,对目前迁徙鸟类的生理生态学研究成果进行回顾,并提出有待解决的问题及今后的研究方向。  相似文献   

6.
赵序茅  马鸣  张同 《动物学杂志》2013,48(6):942-946
2012年7~11月,采用焦点动物取样法和瞬时扫描法,在乌鲁木齐近郊水域白湖,对白眼潜鸭(Aythya nyroca)秋季行为进行实地观察研究。制定出白眼潜鸭行为谱,各种行为有取食、保养、运动、休息、警戒、其他,共6类14种。昼间各行为时间分配依次为取食(56.7%)、运动(13.8%)、保养(11.8%)、休息(11.2%)、警戒(5.1%)、其他(1.4%)。其中取食、休息、运动行为有明显的节律性变化。休息行为以家庭为单位聚集在一起进行,取食行为则分开进行。7~9月份7:00~8:00时、18:00~19:00时休息行为出现峰值,10~11月份8:00~9:00时、17:00~18:00时出现峰值;7~9月份取食行为在8:00~9:00时、17:00~18:00时有明显的峰值,10~11月份在10:00~11:00时和15:00~16:00时出现峰值;7~11月份运动行为均在中午达到峰值。白眼潜鸭7~9月份与10~11月份觅食行为、休息行为和保养行为差异极显著(P<0.01),运动行为无显著性差异(P >0.05)。迁徙前(10月中旬),白眼潜鸭有集群现象,数量最多达到37只,10月下旬种群集体迁徙。秋季白眼潜鸭主要时间用于取食,意图为了迁徙或越冬积累能量,集群迁徙有利于种群防御天敌。  相似文献   

7.
笔者于2006年10月30日凌晨在云南新平金山丫口秋季夜间鸟类环志工作中捕获到1只戴环的紫啸鸫,环号为F03-9907,经查询该鸟为云南哀牢山国家级自然保护区镇沅管理局于2005年10月在金山丫口环志放飞。此鸟环志1年后在原地被重捕是国内夜间环志工作中首次捕到戴环鸟。  相似文献   

8.
张琼  钱法文 《生态学报》2015,35(21):7236-7243
2012年10月至2013年5月,采用焦点取样法对在吉林莫莫格国家级自然保护区内秋季和春季迁徙停歇的以及在江西鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区内越冬的白鹤(Grus leucogeranus)幼鹤行为进行了研究。结果表明,幼鹤取食行为比例从秋季迁徙时的23.0%增加到越冬晚期时的82.7%,但春季迁徙期减少为61.9%;幼鹤乞食行为比例从秋季迁徙时的58.2%减少至春季迁徙时的1.2%;幼鹤警戒行为比例从秋季迁徙时的1.0%增加至春季迁徙时的7.1%。幼鹤在春季迁徙期的理羽及静栖行为显著高于越冬期,这种行为的差异可能与食物的丰富度相关。环境因子中,风速对幼鹤静栖行为有显著影响,幼鹤取食及警戒行为与气温呈显著正相关。秋季迁徙及越冬晚期,幼鹤行为日节律在13:00—14:00时出现明显的取食低谷期,而春季迁徙期时则推后1小时。整个观察期间,幼鹤从雄鹤和雌鹤获得食物频次无显著差异,但不同时间段幼鹤从雄、雌成鹤处获得食物频次差异是显著的。研究从行为学的角度展示白鹤幼鹤的生长过程及不同性别成鹤对幼鹤生长的贡献。  相似文献   

9.
2013年1月11日—3月17日,2014年2月10日—4月15日,采用焦点动物观察法和瞬时扫描法,对内蒙古包头南海湿地保护区内大天鹅Cygnus cygnus的昼间行为进行观察。结果表明:大天鹅的主要行为有取食、休息、运动、保养、警戒和其他,共计6类12种。在时间分配方面,大天鹅主要用于取食(45.8%)、休息(34.1%)、运动(11.1%)和保养(6.8%)行为,且4种行为有明显的节律性变化。另外,1—2月和3—4月取食、休息和保养行为差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而运动行为差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。相关分析表明:除警戒行为外,其他行为之间存在显著相关性。1—2月为越冬期,大天鹅主要时间用于休息,3—4月为迁徙期,大天鹅主要时间用于取食,为再次迁徙积累能量。  相似文献   

10.
赵艳 《植物杂志》2011,(4):64-73
候鸟迁徙是一个漫长.而又危险的旅程,这些随著季节变化而南北迁移的鸟类,年复一年地沿着相对固定的路线,有规律、定时地在繁殖地区和越冬地区之间进行长距离的往返移居。曾经轰动世界影坛的法国纪录片《鸟的迁徙》,以真实而质朴的镜头记录了大量鸟在迁徙途中的精彩瞬间,  相似文献   

11.
Energy demands of migration on red-eyed vireos, Vireo olivaceus   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
We studied the behavior of red-eyed vireos (Vireo olivaceus)—includingtheir length of stopover, rate of mass change (lipid deposition),and foraging behavior—in relation to energy demand aftertheir spring migration across the Gulf of Mexico. We labeledeach foraging bird as ‘lean’ or ‘fat’based on the average condition of birds captured on that day.Lean birds stayed longer and were more likely to gain mass duringtheir stopover than birds that arrived with unmobilized fatreserves. Several aspects of the birds' foraging behavior variedin relation to mean body mass on observation days: Lean migrants(1) broadened their use of microhabitat but not their verticaldistribution of foraging locations, (2) expanded their feedingrepertoire, (3) moved at a higher mean velocity while averagingthe same frequency of foraging movements, and (4) increasedtheir degree of turning after a feeding attempt. We suggestthat the gain of mass by fat-depleted birds is a compensatoryresponse to energy demand mediated by changes in foraging behavior.  相似文献   

12.
EB Cohen  FR Moore  RA Fischer 《PloS one》2012,7(7):e41818
Movement patterns during songbird migration remain poorly understood despite their expected fitness consequences in terms of survival, energetic condition and timing of migration that will carry over to subsequent phases of the annual cycle. We took an experimental approach to test hypotheses regarding the influence of habitat, energetic condition, time of season and sex on the hour-by-hour, local movement decisions of a songbird during spring stopover. To simulate arrival of nocturnal migrants at unfamiliar stopover sites, we translocated and continuously tracked migratory red-eyed vireos (Vireo olivaceus) throughout spring stopover with and without energetic reserves that were released in two replicates of three forested habitat types. Migrants moved the most upon release, during which time they selected habitat characterized by greater food abundance and higher foraging attack rates. Presumably under pressure to replenish fuel stores necessary to continue migration in a timely fashion, migrants released in poorer energetic condition moved faster and further than migrants in better condition and the same pattern was true for migrants released late in spring relative to those released earlier. However, a migrant's energetic condition had less influence on their behavior when they were in poor quality habitat. Movement did not differ between sexes. Our study illustrates the importance of quickly finding suitable habitat at each stopover site, especially for energetically constrained migrants later in the season. If an initial period prior to foraging were necessary at each stop along a migrant's journey, non-foraging periods would cumulatively result in a significant energetic and time cost to migration. However, we suggest behavior during stopover is not solely a function of underlying resource distributions but is a complex response to a combination of endogenous and exogenous factors.  相似文献   

13.
Summary Length of stopover and rate of weight gain (fat deposition) were studied in several species of passerine birds that stopped in southwestern Louisiana along the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico after a trans-Gulf flight. Fatdepleted birds were more common among the birds that arrived at our study site in southwest Louisiana, though variability characterized our samples. Migrants that landed after encountering opposing winds or rain over the northern Gulf of Mexico were, on average, fatter than migrants that landed when weather was favorable for continued migration. Some of the variation in the energetic condition of arrivals may be explained by the location where migrants initiated crossings. Our simulation of flight over the Gulf of Mexico showed that with following winds a warbler can cross the Gulf of Mexico from Yucatan with fat reserves to spare, and stronger tailwinds make flights from as far south as Honduras energetically permissible. The length of stay after a trans-Gulf flight was related to the extent of fat-depletion upon arrival: lean birds stayed longer than fat migrants. Migrants stopped over for 1–7 days and replenished energy reserves at rates that varied from 0.19 g/d for Hooded Warblers (Wilsonia citrina) to 0.87 g/d for Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapillus). Within each species, most individuals gained weight at a rapid rate, though a few individuals lost or maintained weight during their stay.  相似文献   

14.
Behavioral decisions made by migrating songbirds may depend on a variety of biotic and abiotic factors. To investigate which factors most influence songbird behavior on stopover, we related departure and directional decisions of captive birds released at the capture site to a variety of factors including, weather, date, energetic condition, age, sex, and species. We captured spring migrants during the day, released them after sunset, and visually assessed whether they departed the study site and if so, in which direction. Departure was strongly influenced by wind direction and energetic condition, especially fat stores. The proportion of birds departing increased as the season progressed. Directional decisions were also strongly influenced by energetic condition, particularly fat stores and plasma triglyceride levels. Wind direction also influenced the direction in which birds made migratory flights. While energetic condition, stage of migration, and weather seem to be important proximate determinants in departure and directional decisions, habitat availability and other factors may also need to be considered.  相似文献   

15.
Fat reserves influence the orientation of migrating songbirds at ecological barriers, such as expansive water crossings. Upon encountering a body of water, fat migrants usually cross the barrier exhibiting 'forward' migration in a seasonally appropriate direction. In contrast, lean birds often exhibit temporary 'reverse' orientation away from the water, possibly to lead them to suitable habitats for refueling. Most examples of reverse orientation are restricted to autumn migration and, in North America, are largely limited to transcontinental migrants prior to crossing the Gulf of Mexico. Little is known about the orientation of lean birds after crossing an ecological barrier or on the way to their breeding grounds. We examined the effect of fat stores on migratory orientation of both long- and short-distance migrants before and after a water crossing near their breeding grounds; Catharus thrushes (Swainson's and gray-cheeked thrushes, C. ustulatus and C. minimus ) and white-throated sparrows Zonotrichia albicollis were tested for orientation at the south shore of Lake Ontario during spring and autumn. During both spring and autumn, fat birds oriented in a seasonally appropriate, forward direction. Lean thrushes showed a tendency for reverse orientation upon encountering water in the spring and axial, shoreline orientation after crossing water in the autumn. Lean sparrows were not consistently oriented in any direction during either season. The responses of lean birds may be attributable to their stopover ecology and seasonally-dependent habitat quality.  相似文献   

16.
Predicting how migratory animals respond to changing climatic conditions requires knowledge of how climatic events affect each phase of the annual cycle and how those effects carry-over to subsequent phases. We utilized a 17-year migration dataset to examine how El Niño-Southern Oscillation climatic events in geographically different regions of the Western hemisphere carry-over to impact the stopover biology of several intercontinental migratory bird species. We found that migratory birds that over-wintered in South America experienced significantly drier environments during El Niño years, as reflected by reduced Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values, and arrived at stopover sites in reduced energetic condition during spring migration. During El Niño years migrants were also more likely to stopover immediately along the northern Gulf coast of the southeastern U.S. after crossing the Gulf of Mexico in small suboptimal forest patches where food resources are lower and migrant density often greater than larger more contiguous forests further inland. In contrast, NDVI values did not differ between El Niño and La Niña years in Caribbean-Central America, and we found no difference in energetic condition or use of coastal habitats for migrants en route from Caribbean-Central America wintering areas. Birds over-wintering in both regions had consistent median arrival dates along the northern Gulf coast, suggesting that there is a strong drive for birds to maintain their time program regardless of their overall condition. We provide strong evidence that not only is the stopover biology of migratory landbirds influenced by events during the previous phase of their life-cycle, but where migratory birds over-winter determines how vulnerable they are to global climatic cycles. Increased frequency and intensity of ENSO events over the coming decades, as predicted by climatic models, may disproportionately influence long-distance migrants over-wintering in South America.  相似文献   

17.
Migration distance and sex are integral to avian migration strategies, yet these intrinsic factors are understudied with respect to their effects on stopover ecology and behavior. We investigated how individual variation in migration distance and sex affected body condition, refueling performance, and stopover durations of Wilson's Warblers (Cardellina pusilla) during spring and fall 2006 at a stopover site in southern Arizona. Migration distance of individuals was inferred using the hydrogen stable isotope ratio of feathers (δ2Hf) as an index of breeding latitude, refueling rate was assessed using plasma triglyceride and β‐OH‐butyrate, and minimum length of stay was estimated by re‐sighting color‐banded birds. In the spring, migration distance and sex were strong determinants of the timing of migration by Wilson's Warblers, with males and shorter‐distance migrants passing through the site earlier than females and longer‐distance migrants. Later‐arriving migrants also had higher fat scores and refueling rates. However, neither migration distance nor sex independently affected body condition (fat score or size‐corrected mass), refueling rate, or minimum length of stay. In a smaller sample of fall migrants, we found that longer‐distance migrants and males had higher refueling rates than shorter‐distance migrants and females. Our results show that differences in migration distance can, under some circumstances, affect how birds use stopover sites. Stable isotope analysis and other methods can provide information on migration distance, and should be integrated with measurements of timing, fuel stores, refueling performance, and departure behavior to gain a deeper understanding of bird migration.  相似文献   

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