家蝇气味结合蛋白基因cDNA片段的克隆与序列分析

根据同源性设计特异性引物,采用RT-PCR方法扩增出了家蝇Musca domestica 2种气味结合蛋白基因cDNA片段,大小分别为381 bp和353 bp,分别命名为MdomOBP1(GenBank登录号：AY730350)和MdomOBP2(GenBank登录号：AY730351)。测序分析结果表明,它们具有气味结合蛋白的标志性结构域。对这2个片段推导的氨基酸序列进行同源性分析,结果表明两者与已报道的双翅目昆虫的气味结合蛋白的同源性分别达57%～88% 和52%～91%。     

甘蔗乙烯合成酶基因家族三个成员的克隆与序列分析

ACC（1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid）合成酶是高等植物乙烯生物合成途径中的限速酶.根据已克隆的植物ACS（1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase）基因同源序列,设计简并引物,以甘蔗叶片总DNA为模板,通过PCR扩增,得到3条特异性强的扩增片段：Sc-ACS1为1 041 bp、Sc-ACS2为1 345 bp和Sc-ACS3为1 707 bp.将序列在GenBank核酸数据库进行同源性搜索,结果表明,3个片段均为ACS基因,推导编码的蛋白质序列分别包含326、242和310个氨基酸.其中,Sc-A CS1和Sc-ACS3同源性最高,核苷酸序列和蛋白质氨基酸序列分别有98%和96%同源,与禾本科植物玉米Zm ACS6、水稻OS-ACS2、毛竹等ACS基因家族也有很高的同源性,核苷酸序列同源性为88%-98%,蛋白质氨基酸序列同源性为73%-81%.甘蔗Sc-ACS2与水稻OS-ACS5在核苷酸和氨基酸序列上分别有91%和79%同源性,但与甘蔗Sc-ACS1和Sc-ACS3基因成员之间,氨基酸同源性分别只有45%和49%.系统进化分析表明,Sc-ACS1和Sc-ACS3基因与玉米Zm ACS6基因亲缘关系最近,而Sc-ACS2基因与水稻OS-ACS5基因亲缘关系最近.Southern杂交表明三基因在基因组中确实存在而且是多拷贝基因.三个片段已在GenBank数据库中注册,注册号分别为AY620985、AY620986和AY788919.     

油菜profilin基因的克隆和表达分析

profilin是高等植物中的一种与肌动蛋白结合的蛋白,采用RT-PCR技术克隆了油菜（Brassica napus L.cv.canadian tween)花粉中的一个369bp的cDNA片段,序列分析结果表明,该cDNA与已报道的其他植物的profilin基因具有较高核酸序列同源性,与玉米（Zea maysL.)基因同源性为82%,拟南芥（Arabidopsis)基因同源性为85%,水稻（Oryza sativa L.)基因同源性为81%,烟草（Nicotiana tabacum L.)基因同源性为82%,结论5′RACE和3′RACE技术,获得了全长cDNA,其为672bp。该cDNA包含一个开放密码框。5′未翻译区和一个带有Poly(A)的3′区域。Northern杂交结果显示它主要在花粉和花药中表达。     

新疆盐生植物的钙调蛋白基因克隆与序列分析

采用RT-PCR扩增的方法,从新疆盐生植物花花柴(Karelinia caspica)、盐爪爪(Kalidium foliadum)和盐桦(Betula halophila)中分别克隆获得了450bp的cDNA片段.基因测序和序列同源性分析的结果表明,所克隆的基因片段均包含了钙调蛋白基因完整的读码框架.新疆花花柴钙调蛋白基因与盐爪爪钙调蛋白基因同源性达86%,盐爪爪与盐桦同源性达86.77%,花花柴与盐桦同源性达85.11%.新疆盐生植物钙调蛋白基因与其它已发表的植物钙调蛋白基因同源性均在80%以上,显示植物钙调蛋白基因具有高度保守性.     

玉米核糖体失活蛋白基因的克隆及序列分析

将提取的玉米RNA反转录成Cdna,以此为模板,合成特异性引物,应用多聚酶链式反应(PCR)技术扩增出目的片段。对PCR片段直接进行序列分析,测定并克隆玉米的核糖体失活蛋白(RIP)基因。序列分析表明,已测定的玉米RIP基因序列长为983bp,其中编码区长828bp,共编码有275个氨基酸和一个终止密码子,GC含量为58.3%。与已发表的序列相比较其核苷酸序列及推导的氨基酸序列的同源性分别为98.4%和97.4%。     

长柄链格孢四个二甲酰亚胺类杀菌剂胁迫差异表达基因的克隆与序列分析

为了阐明烟草赤星病病原真菌长柄链格孢Alternaria longipes对二甲酰亚胺类杀菌剂(DCFs)抗性的分子机理,前期克隆了16个DCFs胁迫差异表达基因的部分cDNA片段.为了利用基因敲除技术进一步分析这些差异表达基因的功能,本研究选取4个差异表达基因,即AlATP7、AlCIT1、AlGLUT和AlHSP88,应用DNA Walking技术对它们两侧的未知序列进行克隆.DNA测序和Blast搜索表明,AlATP7基因开放阅读框为712 bp,含4个外显子和3个内含子,编码169个氨基酸;AlCIT1、AlGLUT和AlHSP88基因未克隆到全长序列,5′末端还有200-300bp才到达翻译起始密码子ATG;在这些DNA序列中,AlCIT1基因长1 214 bp,含1个内含子,编码386个氨基酸;AlGLUT基因长1 308 bP,含1个内含子,编码417个氨基酸;AlHSP88基因长2 087bp,含2个内含子,编码628个氨基酸.与其他丝状真菌的氨基酸序列同源性比对发现,AlATP7和线粒体ATP合酶D亚基、AlCIT1和柠檬酸合成酶、AlGLUT和主要易化子超家族(MFS)类型葡萄糖转运子、AlHSP88和热休克蛋白HSP88分别具有很高的同源性.同时,还对4个DCFs胁迫差异表达基因的系统发育进行分析.基于这些蛋白功能的文献报道和前期的研究,推测A.longipes存在着一种新的DCFs抗性机制:A.longipes利用MFS类型葡萄糖转运子将DCFs排除到细胞外解毒,线粒体ATP合酶和柠檬酸合成酶参与能量供给,而热休克蛋白AlHSP88可能在该机制中促进一些重要蛋白的正确折叠和修复过程中发挥重要作用.     

辣椒冷诱导差异表达基因分析

采用cDNA-AFLP技术分析了4℃低温诱导前后耐寒辣椒(Capsicum annuum L.)品系P70的基因表达差异谱.结果获得了120个差异片段,对阳性克隆中的12个差异片段进行测序和Blast-x比对,发现其中有4个片段(KH-1、KH-2、KH-3和KH-4)与抗逆性相关,其碱基数分别为185、160、269和511 bp,4个片段分别与编码抗坏血酸过氧化物酶基因的同源性达98%、与细胞色素p450基因的同源性达98%、与牛血清蛋白(BSA)基因的同源性达94%、与水孔通道蛋白(AQP)基因的同源性达90%.4个差异基因表达模式为:基因KH-1、KH-2、KH-3上调表达,KH-4下调表达.     

甜菜ATP合酶β亚基基因atpB的克隆、序列分析及进化

atpB基因编码ATP合酶β亚基,是光合作用中的重要基因。ATP合酶是生物体内能量代谢的关键酶,参与氧化磷酸化和光合磷酸化反应。利用植物叶绿体基因组在进化过程中高度保守的特点,根据已知植物烟草、水稻和菠菜等的叶绿体基因组全序列,设计并合成了一对引物,以甜菜叶绿体DNA为模板,PCR扩增得到包含atpB完整基因(GenBank登录号为DQ067451)在内的一段序列,测序与序列分析表明:该克隆片段全长2 293 bp,其中包括有1 497 bp的编码区序列,推测编码498个氨基酸。同源性比较,该克隆基因与烟草、菠菜、油菜、水稻atpB基因的核苷酸序列同源性分别为90.92%、95.79%、87.71%和86.37%,推测的氨基酸序列同源性分别为94.58%、97.19%、92.17%和91.97%。同时,建立了几种植物的氨基酸序列系统进化树。     

RLM-RACE法扩增獐茅液泡膜Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白基因5''-cDNA末端序列

根据已获得的盐生植物獐茅(Aeluropus littoralis var.sinensis Debeaux)液泡膜Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白(Na+/H+antiporter)基因部分cDNA片段,设计2条特异引物(GSP1、GSP2),采用RLM-RACE(RNA ligase-mediated rapid amplification of 5'and 3'cDNA ends)法获得了其5'-cDNA末端序列,并找出了转录起始位点.该片段长816 bp,与芦苇液泡膜Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白基因序列同源性最高达91%,与拟南芥、盐角草、水稻、大麦、小麦的同源性分别为81%、82%、86%、87%和81%,为该基因全长的克隆及启动子的研究奠定了基础.与其它测定基因转录起始位点的方法相比,RLM-RACE方法更快捷、简便、准确.     

马蔺IlVP基因片段的克隆及序列分析

根据已报道的其他植物H+-PPase基因的保守序列设计一对简并性引物,以马蔺幼根总RNA为模板,采用RT-PCR方法克隆出马蔺H+-PPase基因片段并克隆到p UCm-T载体,命名为Il VP。阳性克隆经PCR鉴定后进行测序,序列分析结果表明:该基因片段长度为893 bp,编码297个氨基酸,所得到的序列与Gen Bank中注册的高等植物液泡膜H+转运无机焦磷酸酶(H+-PPase)核苷酸碱基排列顺序的同源性均在70%以上、氨基酸序列的同源性达79%以上。这为马蔺Il VP全长基因的克隆及其耐盐分子机理的研究奠定基础。     

Cloning of a cDNA encoding ATP sulfurylase from Arabidopsis thaliana by functional expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

ATP sulfurylase, the first enzyme in the sulfate assimilation pathway of plants, catalyzes the formation of adenosine phosphosulfate from ATP and sulfate. Here we report the cloning of a cDNA encoding ATP sulfurylase (APS1) from Arabidopsis thaliana. APS1 was isolated by its ability to alleviate the methionine requirement of an ATP sulfurylase mutant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast). Expression of APS1 correlated with the presence of ATP sulfurylase enzyme activity in cell extracts. APS1 is a 1748-bp cDNA with an open reading frame predicted to encode a 463-amino acid, 51,372-D protein. The predicted amino acid sequence of APS1 is similar to ATP sulfurylase of S. cerevisiae, with which it is 25% identical. Two lines of evidence indicate that APS1 encodes a chloroplast form of ATP sulfurylase. Its predicted amino-terminal sequence resembles a chloroplast transit peptide; and the APS1 polypeptide, synthesized in vitro, is capable of entering isolated intact chloroplasts. Several genomic DNA fragments that hybridize with the APS1 probe were identified. The APS1 cDNA hybridizes to three species of mRNA in leaves (1.85, 1.60, and 1.20 kb) and to a single species of mRNA in roots (1.85 kb).     

Influence of Chilling Stress on the Intercellular Distribution of Assimilatory Sulfate Reduction and Thiols in Zea mays

Abstract: The effect of chilling on the intercellular distribution of mRNAs for enzymes of assimilatory sulfate reduction, the activity of adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase (APR), and the level of glutathione was analysed in leaves and roots of maize ( Zea mays L). At 25 °C the mRNAs for APR, ATP sulfurylase, and sulfite reductase accumulated in bundle-sheath only, whereas the mRNA for O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase was also detected in mesophyll cells. Glutathione was predominantly detected in mesophyll cells; however, oxidized glutathione was equally distributed between the two cell types. Chilling at 12 °C induced oxidative stress which resulted in increased concentrations of oxidized glutathione in both cell types and a prominent increase of APR mRNA and activity in bundle-sheath cells. After chilling, mRNAs for APR and sulfite reductase, as well as low APR activity, were detected in mesophyll cells. In roots, APR mRNA and activity were at higher levels in root tips than in the mature root and were greatly increased after chilling. These results demonstrate that chilling stress affected the levels and the intercellular distribution of mRNAs for enzymes of sulfate assimilation.     

玉米根系蛋白磷酸酶基因ZmPP2C的克隆及表达特性

依据植物蛋白磷酸酶2C(protein phosphatase2C,PP2C)基因的保守区设计简并引物,运用RT-PCR方法,从玉米根系中分离到一个长度为936 bp的PP2C基因的cDNA克隆,命名为ZmPP2C.Southern杂交结果表明它在玉米基因组中是低拷贝的,且存在一个小的PP2C基因家族.Northern杂交结果表明,不同玉米组织之间ZmPP2C的表达差异明显;分别用CaCl2、MgCl2、PEG、EGTA和ABA处理根系24 h,只有CaCl2处理增加表达量,说明Ca2 能诱导玉米ZmPP2C基因在转录水平上的表达,或被依赖于Ca2 的方式诱导.     

Heavy metal stress and sulfate uptake in maize roots

ZmST1;1, a putative high-affinity sulfate transporter gene expressed in maize (Zea mays) roots, was functionally characterized and its expression patterns were analyzed in roots of plants exposed to different heavy metals (Cd, Zn, and Cu) interfering with thiol metabolism. The ZmST1;1 cDNA was expressed in the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) sulfate transporter mutant CP154-7A. Kinetic analysis of sulfate uptake isotherm, determined on complemented yeast cells, revealed that ZmST1;1 has a high affinity for sulfate (Km value of 14.6 +/- 0.4 microm). Cd, Zn, and Cu exposure increased both ZmST1;1 expression and root sulfate uptake capacity. The metal-induced sulfate uptakes were accompanied by deep alterations in both thiol metabolism and levels of compounds such as reduced glutathione (GSH), probably involved as signals in sulfate uptake modulation. Cd and Zn exposure strongly increased the level of nonprotein thiols of the roots, indicating the induction of additional sinks for reduced sulfur, but differently affected root GSH contents that decreased or increased following Cd or Zn stress, respectively. Moreover, during Cd stress a clear relation between the ZmST1;1 mRNA abundance increment and the entity of the GSH decrement was impossible to evince. Conversely, Cu stress did not affect nonprotein thiol levels, but resulted in a deep contraction of GSH pools. Our data suggest that during heavy metal stress sulfate uptake by roots may be controlled by both GSH-dependent or -independent signaling pathways. Finally, some evidence suggesting that root sulfate availability in Cd-stressed plants may limit GSH biosynthesis and thus Cd tolerance are discussed.     

Cloning, expression and bioinformatics analysis of ATP sulfurylase from Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 23270 in Escherichia coli

Molecular studies of enzymes involved in sulfite oxidation in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans have not yet been developed, especially in the ATP sulfurylase (ATPS) of these acidophilus tiobacilli that have importance in biomining. This enzyme synthesizes ATP and sulfate from adenosine phosphosulfate (APS) and pyrophosphate (PPi), final stage of the sulfite oxidation by these organisms in order to obtain energy. The atpS gene (1674 bp) encoding the ATPS from Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 23270 was amplified using PCR, cloned in the pET101-TOPO plasmid, sequenced and expressed in Escherichia coli obtaining a 63.5 kDa ATPS recombinant protein according to SDS-PAGE analysis. The bioinformatics and phylogenetic analyses determined that the ATPS from A. ferrooxidans presents ATP sulfurylase (ATS) and APS kinase (ASK) domains similar to ATPS of Aquifex aeolicus, probably of a more ancestral origin. Enzyme activity towards ATP formation was determined by quantification of ATP formed from E. coli cell extracts, using a bioluminescence assay based on light emission by the luciferase enzyme. Our results demonstrate that the recombinant ATP sulfurylase from A. ferrooxidans presents an enzymatic activity for the formation of ATP and sulfate, and possibly is a bifunctional enzyme due to its high homology to the ASK domain from A. aeolicus and true kinases.     

The gene for the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in Euglena gracilis chloroplast DNA: location, polarity, cloning, and evidence for an intervening sequence

The gene for the large subunit (LS) of ribulose-1,5,-bisphosphate carboxylase of Euglena gracilis Z chloroplast DNA has been mapped by heterologous hybridization with DNA restriction fragments containing internal sequences from the Zea mays and Chlamydomonas reinhardii LS genes. The Euglena LS gene which has the same polarity as the Euglena rRNA genes has been located with respect to Pst I, Pvu I, and HindIII sites within the Eco RI fragment Eco A. The region of Euglena chloroplast DNA complementary to an 887 bp internal fragment from the Chlamydomonas chloroplast LS gene is interrupted by a 0.5-1.1 kbp non-complementary sequence. This is the first chloroplast protein gene located on the Euglena genome, and the first evidence for an intervening sequence within any chloroplast protein gene.     

高粱LEA3蛋白基因和启动子的克隆及序列分析

根据禾本科LEA3基因保守序列设计简并引物,同时结合RACE方法获得高粱LEA3基因全长cDNA序列1032bp,该序列含有一个612bp的阅读框,编码203个氨基酸,包含7个串联的LEA3蛋白的基元序列。通过与玉米、小麦、水稻、大麦的LEA3蛋白序列比较,氨基酸序列同源性分别为73.8%、53.77%、45.63%和53.99%;其编码蛋白理论相对分子量为21.22kD,等电点pI=8.79;蛋白质二级结构预测表明2段α螺旋结构占主导,与目前已知的多种植物的LEA3蛋白具有相似的结构功能域。通过热不对称交错PCR(TAIL PCR)技术获得LEA3基因启动子749bp的DNA序列,该区域包含ABA应答元件、干旱胁迫应答元件、以及胚胎和胚乳特异表达元件;通过PHyML软件构建了禾本科植物LEA3基因ML系统树。这些研究结果为深入了解该基因的功能和高粱抗旱的分子机理提供了基础数据。     

嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌ATP硫酸化酶的表达、纯化及性质鉴定

ATP硫酸化酶是一种催化ATP和SO42-反应生成腺嘌呤-5’-磷酸硫酸(APS)和焦磷酸盐(PPi)的酶,它是硫酸根同化反应第一步的关键酶。以嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌(A.ferrooxidansATCC 23270)基因组为模板,用PCR扩增得到ATPS基因,并克隆到表达载体pLM1上。加入IPTG的诱导表达,用AKTA蛋白纯化仪的镍柱亲和层析纯化得到浓度和纯度都较高的ATPS蛋白。SDS-PAGE分析,证实其分子量大小为33 kD,并成功的测出了其活性,比活达3.0×103U/mg。