326例儿童缺铁性贫血与感染幽门螺杆菌关系探究

摘要：目的 分析幽门螺杆菌（H.pylori）对儿童缺铁性贫血（IDA）的影响,探讨H.pylori感染与儿童IDA的相关性,提高儿童IDA诊治率。方法 应用13C-呼气试验和胶体金法检测326例IDA患儿及211例健康儿童H.pylori感染情况,并对其结果进行统计学分析。结果 326例IDA患儿中H.pylori检测阳性217例（阳性率为66.56%）,健康组儿童H.pylori检测阳性47例（阳性率为22.27%）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=100.54,P<0.01）。2－6岁组分别与7－9岁组及10－12岁组H.pylori阳性率比较差异均有统计学意义（χ2=8.61、21.46,P<0.05）,7－9岁组较10－12组H.pylori阳性率比较差异无统计学意义（χ2=2.62,P>0.05）。其中女患儿H.pylori阳性率为78.06%（121/155）,男患儿H.pylori阳性率为56.14%（96/171）,两者比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=17.55,P<0.01）,且不同年龄组男女阳性率比较差异均有统计学意义。217例H.pylori感染的IDA患儿以轻度贫血为主,占95.85%（208/217）。结论 H.pylori感染与儿童IDA之间存在相关性。     

改良幽门螺杆菌抗原检测试剂盒 检测粪便幽门螺杆菌抗原的临床评价

目的评估改良幽门螺杆菌抗原检测试剂盒检测粪便幽门螺杆菌抗原(Helicobacter pylori stool antigen,HpSA)的准确性以及临床应用价值。方法采用随机、双盲、双验证和与~(13) C呼气试验(~(13) C-UBT)对比的方法,对门诊175例接受~(13) C-UBT检测的患者,采用最新研制出的一种改良幽门螺杆菌抗原检测试剂盒(胶体金法)检测粪便幽门螺杆菌抗原,以~(13) C-UBT检测结果为诊断H.pylori感染的"金标准",并将两者进行对比研究,所有检测结果均拍照存档,采用随机、双盲和双验证法,以期客观真实地评价改良幽门螺杆菌抗原检测试剂盒检测粪便幽门螺杆菌的效果。结果改良幽门螺杆菌抗原检测试剂盒检测HpSA敏感度为90.48%,特异度为90.00%,Youden指数为80.48%,Kappa值为0.799;HpSA检测ROC曲线下面积为0.902±0.027,与完全无诊断价值的机会线下面积0.50相比,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000);Spearman相关系数r=0.800,P=0.000。结论改良幽门螺杆菌抗原检测试剂盒能准确检测H.pylori感染,其操作简便,可作为非侵入性诊断H.pylori感染筛查以及流行病调查的一种方法,将来有望成为患者家庭自查幽门螺杆菌的一种方法。     

儿童幽门螺杆菌及CagA阳性感染的临床研究

目的探讨非侵入性检查方法对儿童幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)的诊断及治疗价值。方法对2004年10月至2005年12月在梅县人民医院门诊及住院154例慢性反复腹痛患儿进行粪便幽门螺杆菌抗原(HPSA)血清(H.pylori)抗体(HP-Ab)及产细胞毒素相关蛋白(CagA)、H.pylori检查测验,并对CagA阳性患者于短程三联抗H.pylori干预治疗。结果154例患儿中H.pylori阳性33.8%(52/154),CagA阳性61.5%(32/52)。H.pylori阳性及CagA阳性者以上腹疼痛,恶心呕吐多于H.pylori阴性患者,但它们之间差异无显著性,P>0.05;H.pylori阳性及CagA阳性与H.pylori阴性者病程上差异无显著性,P>0.05。对CagA阳性干预治疗后4周临床症状消失达90.6%(29/32),HPSA转阴率为87.5(28/32),结论H.pylori阳性及CagA阳性与否不能以临床表现作为判断标准,H.pylori及CagA的检测可作为对儿童特别是幼儿诊断H.pylori感染及治疗后复查,简便,患儿易接受,特别适用基层的一种非侵入性检测方法。     

幽门螺杆菌诊断的最新进展

幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)是一种常见的引起多种胃肠道疾病的病原体。临床中通常利用具有不同灵敏度和特异性的侵入性或非侵入性诊断方法来检测H.pylori的感染。目前,诊断H.pylori的方法包括尿素呼气试验、粪便抗原试验、血清学、内镜检查、胃活检组织学、快速尿素酶试验、培养、分子生物学方法等。在实际临床实践中,考虑不同的医疗条件、医生的专业水平、检测成本、敏感性和特异性等多方面因素,如何合理地选择一种或多种方法来诊断H.pylori感染进而指导临床预防和治疗,是一项重要的临床研究课题。本文将对H.pylori感染诊断方法的最新进展、不同方法的优缺点以及其在临床实践中的应用作一综述。     

326例儿童缺铁性贫血与感染幽门螺杆菌关系探究

目的分析幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)对儿童缺铁性贫血(IDA)的影响,探讨H.pylori感染与儿童IDA的相关性,提高儿童IDA诊治率。方法应用~(13)C-呼气试验和胶体金法检测326例IDA患儿及211例健康儿童H.pylori感染情况,并对其结果进行统计学分析。结果 326例IDA患儿中H.pylori检测阳性217例(阳性率为66.56%),健康组儿童H.pylori检测阳性47例(阳性率为22.27%),两组比较差异有统计学意义(X~2=100.54,P0.01)。2-6岁组分别与7-9岁组及10-12岁组H.pylori阳性率比较差异均有统计学意义(X~2=8.61、21.46,P0.05),7-9岁组较10-12组H.pylori阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(X~2=2.62,P0.05)。其中女患儿H.pylori阳性率为78.06%(121/155),男患儿H.pylori阳性率为56.14%(96/171),两者比较差异有统计学意义(X~2=17.55,P0.01),且不同年龄组男女阳性率比较差异均有统计学意义。217例H.pylori感染的IDA患儿以轻度贫血为主,占95.85%(208/217)。结论H.pylori感染与儿童IDA之间存在相关性。     

幽门螺杆菌感染与慢性口臭关系的初步研究

目的 调查主诉口臭患者的幽门螺杆菌（H．pylori）感染率和主诉消化不良的口臭发生率。方法 研究对象为125例主诉慢性口臭患者和212例主诉慢性消化不良患者。口臭以口气挥发性硫化物（VSC）检测与闻诊联合诊断,H．pylori感染以^14C-尿素呼气试验诊断。结果 125例主诉慢性口臭的患者有87例是真性口臭,其余38例为假性口臭,真性口臭患者的H．pylori感染率显著高于假性口臭（40．2％和13．2％,P〈0．01）。212例主诉慢性消化不良的患者发生口臭105例（49．5％）、感染H．pylori 94例（44．3％）,H．pylori阳性患者的口臭发生率显著高于H．pylori阴性患者（57．5％和43．2％,P〈0．05）。无论何种主诉,大部分口臭患者属于VSC阳性（88．5％）,但H．pylori阳性患者和H．pylor阴性患者口气VSC水平差异无显著性,VSC阳性口臭和VSC阴性口臭的H．pylori感染率差异也无显著性。结论 H．pylori感染可能与口臭的发生有一定关系,但口气VSC并非由H．pylori直接产生。     

幽门螺杆菌感染对儿童慢性特发性血小板减少性紫癜的相关性分析

目的:探讨幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)感染和儿童慢性特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)的相关性分析。方法:在2009至2011年,对360例健康儿童和360例慢性ITP患儿进行H.pylori感染检验,比较其H.pylori感染阳性率。将80例H.pylori感染阳性的慢性ITP患儿随机分为对照组和实验组各40人。对照组采用激素治疗,实验组采用抗幽门螺杆菌和激素联合治疗。结果:健康儿童H.pylori感染阳性40例,阳性率11.11%,慢性ITP患儿感染81例,阳性率22.5%。ITP患儿H.pylori感染阳性率高于健康儿童,2组H.pylori感染阳性率相比差异显著(P<0.05)。实验组患儿治疗后1、2、3个月的的血小板计数明显高于对照组,血小板相关免疫球蛋白低于对照组,差异显著(P<0.05)。实验组治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异显著(P<0.05)。实验组6个月内和6个月后的复发率均低于对照组,总复发率也低于对照组,差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:在慢性特发性血小板减少性紫癜患儿中幽门螺杆菌感染率要显著高于正常儿童,对慢性ITP患儿进行抗H.pylori感染治疗可以有效提高血小板计数,降低血小板相关免疫球蛋白,减少复发率,值得在临床上推广。     

抗烯醇化酶抗体与（1-3）-β-D-葡聚糖检测诊断侵袭性念珠菌病的临床比较

目的：比较抗烯醇化酶抗体（抗-Eno）检测与（1-3）-β-D-葡聚糖（BG）检测对侵袭性念珠菌病（invasivecandidia-sis,IC）的诊断价值。方法留取临床为诊断IC而送检BG测定的患者血样,用ELISA法测定抗-Eno抗体,以真菌培养结果为基础,分析比较两种血清学方法诊断IC的效能。结果210例患者为研究对象。15例患者经念珠菌培养确诊IC,确诊感染率71%;BG阳性54例,阳性率为257%;抗-Eno阳性33例,检出阳性率为157%。抗-Eno和G试验诊断IC感染的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为467%、867%、212%、955%和333%、749%、93%、936%。两种血清学方法联合检测,敏感性提高至667%。结论抗-Eno对IC的诊断性能优于G试验;联合两种血清学方法,能有效提高敏感性。     

幽门螺杆菌感染诊断方法的比较

目的:考核各种H.pylori感染诊断方法,试图证明分离培养仍是细菌性感染诊断的最可靠方法.方法:315例胃十二指肠疾病患者同时进行胃活检组织分离培养,病理切片找菌,快速脲酶试验,14CO2呼气试验检查,比较它们之间的检出率差异.结果:四种方法各自的总检出率差异无显著性.以分离培养为金标准,其他方法的误诊误治率可达12.06%～22.22%.各种诊断方法对H.pylori感染的实际检出率差异存在着显著性.结论:本研究提示,分离培养应为H.pylori感染临床诊断的金标准.     

11788例儿童血清肺炎支原体抗体检测结果分析

目的了解宁波儿童肺炎支原体（MP）感染情况,为儿童MP感染的临床诊断与防治提供依据。方法采用被动凝集法测定11788例14岁以下有呼吸道感染症状儿童的血清MP抗体,并根据患儿性别、年龄和不同季节对MP的阳性率进行统计学分析。结果11788例有呼吸道感染症状患儿中,MP阳性3081例,阳性率为26．14％,不同性别、年龄和季节MP抗体的阳性率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。女性儿童阳性率高于男性儿童,并随着年龄的增加阳性率有上升趋势。结论MP在呼吸道感染中发病率较高,春冬季节、女性儿童和学龄期儿童易感。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.