人工环境下肚倍夏迁蚜的迁飞与繁殖研究

肚倍夏迁蚜的迁飞和繁殖决定了其过夏越冬的种群基数,直接影响第2年的肚倍产量,是肚倍生产中的重要一环。2015-2016年,在湖北竹山对肚倍夏迁蚜在人工环境下的迁飞和繁殖进行了观察分析。结果表明,人工条件下,肚倍夏迁蚜的迁飞历期为11 d,有2个迁飞高峰。一日内不同时段的迁飞率存在显著差异,其中9∶30-12∶30迁飞率最高。与直接从倍子中取出的夏迁蚜相比,灯光诱集的夏迁蚜开始产若蚜的时间较早,生殖历期较短,生殖个体比例高,5 d内个体死亡比例大,平均产蚜率高(P0.01)。含不同数量夏迁蚜的各组的平均产若蚜数量存在显著差异(P0.05)。这些实验数据有助于进一步揭示人工条件对肚倍夏迁蚜的影响,为改进肚倍蚜培育技术,增加肚倍产量提供了依据。     

大棚模拟条件下角倍蚜春季迁飞数量动态及其与气象因子的关系

2009-2011年,在四川峨眉对大棚模拟条件下角倍蚜春季的迁飞数量及其与气象因子的关系进行观察分析,结果表明春迁蚜的迁飞活动与天气条件密切相关,在迁飞期内,当日平均气温≥9℃、最高气温≥13℃、平均相对湿度≤80％,春迁蚜开始迁飞;当日平均气温≥15 ℃、最高气温≥22 ℃、日照时数≥7 h、平均相对湿度≤65％,春迁蚜大量迁飞.在迁飞初期和中期,春迁蚜迁飞数随气温升高而增加.当天气条件适宜时,春迁蚜日迁飞数量的变化为单峰型,前期和末期低、中期高;当迁飞期内遭遇激烈降温,日迁飞数量波动较大,呈双峰或多峰型,同时迁飞期延长、迁飞率和单位面积迁飞量下降.相关分析与主成分分析结果:春迁蚜日迁飞数与平均气温、日最高气温和日照时数呈极显著正相关(P＜0.001),与平均相对湿度、最小相对湿度呈显著负相关(P＜0.05),与日最低气温和降水量相关性不显著(P＞0.1);表明温度和湿度是影响春迁蚜迁飞的关键因子,日照次之.     

五倍子高产技术

五倍子是倍蚜寄生在盐肤木、红麸杨、青麸杨等五倍子树植物叶背上的虫瘿,自然放养五倍子产量很低,近年来我们试验用盐肤木“矮丰8号”优株密植,按宽窄行定植,行距1×2米,株距1米,每亩定植500株。树高控制在2米以下,枝条开张控制在60厘米。矮化密植的优点是地面湿度和生态条件有利于蚜虫的冬奇主提灯藓、羊角藓的繁殖生长,为蚜虫越冬创造了最     

浅谈五倍子及其人工繁殖

五倍子是绵蚜科的一些昆虫(倍蚜)寄生在盐肤木、青麸杨或红麸杨等漆树科植物叶片上,寄主叶片组织受刺激后膨大而成的囊状虫瘿。它主产于我国,国际市场一直为我国所垄断。解放后我国最高年产八千吨,1950年至1980年共约出口七万四千四百吨,换回外汇近亿美元。     

蚜虫雄蚜与雌性母对性信息素及植物挥发物的田间反应

田间观察了桃蚜Myzus persicae (Sulzer)、绣线菊蚜Aphis spiraecola Patch 、山楂圆疣蚜Ovatus crataegarius (Walker)等3种蚜虫对性信息素[(4aS,7S,7aR)-荆芥内酯和 (1R,4aS,7S,7aR)-荆芥醇]的反应,并且调查了性信息素与植物挥发物对桃蚜的田间引诱活性的相互作用.在有冬寄主或夏寄主植物的田中,性信息素诱捕器诱捕到桃蚜雄蚜与雌性母的数量显著多于对照诱捕器的诱捕数;但在非寄主植物的田中,却引诱不到桃蚜.苯甲醛(冬寄主植物桃树Prunus persica的主要挥发物组分之一)能够增强桃蚜雄蚜的引诱作用.绣线菊蚜雄蚜和雌性母对植物中提取的荆芥内酯有反应,而山楂圆疣蚜雄蚜和雌性母对植物中提取的和人工合成的荆芥内酯都没有反应,但对荆芥醇有反应.并且在荆芥醇中添加荆芥内酯之后对山楂圆疣蚜雄蚜引诱活性显著提高.还讨论了雌性蚜产生化合物被雄蚜作为性信息素、被雌性母作为聚集信息素以及性信息素与寄主植物挥发物的相互作用.     

两种肚倍型蚜虫之两种同功酶及可溶性蛋白的比较

应用电泳分析方法,对青麸杨上幼锤形信子与长枣形倍子内蚜虫进行了酯酶同功酶、过氧化物同功酶及可溶蛋白质的比较研究。结果表明：经形态学鉴定同为肚倍蚜可致瘿形成纺锤形与长枣形倍子。2种倍形内蚜虫在可溶性蛋白及酯酶同功酶上有较大差异。相异系数分别为02571,0067。说明肚倍蚜种内已出现分化,不同变形体倍子内蚜虫在分子水平上已具有向不同生物型分化的趋势。     

盐肤木上四种倍蚜主要生物学特性和预测的研究

本文报道1983—1986年作者在四川省绵竹、成都、夹江、涪陵和南川等县(市)境内,海拔500～1500米范围内,对寄生在盐肤木上的角倍蚜,倍蛋蚜,倍花蚜和红倍花蚜等四种主要倍蚜春迁蚜羽化迁飞期、干母营瘿期、倍子生长进程和瘿内倍蚜的生殖数量与世代数以及干母营瘿的寄主物候等的观察测定结果,并建立预测方程,为引移挂放和适宜采倍期的确定提供科学依据。     

角倍蚜优良冬寄主侧枝匐灯藓的繁育研究

侧枝匐灯藓是角倍蚜的优良冬寄主,其生长状况直接关系到角倍蚜越冬蚜的成活率,进而影响五倍子的产量,但目前关于侧枝匐灯藓培植方法的研究较少。本研究采用直接移栽、撕碎繁殖、切碎繁殖3种繁殖方式,结合垄床、塑料毡、泡沫箱3种不同载体进行试验处理,结果表明,采用1∶1比例直接移栽垄床植藓处理,藓的总鲜重、盖度、藓块厚度等指标值均最大,能够在较短的时间内提供释放秋迁蚜的冬寄主藓;采用比例为1∶1撕碎繁殖方式以垄床或泡沫箱载体植藓均能获得最大的藓新枝数和藓茎高度,可以作为角倍蚜种虫生产中冬寄主藓的主要繁殖方式;采用1∶4或1∶8比例进行切碎繁殖藓萌发的新枝最多,可以作为优良冬寄主藓的种藓繁殖的主要方式。通过主成分分析法进行分析,结果表明,3个主成分累积贡献率为86.573%,可以较好地反映出24个处理10个测试指标的综合信息。综合评价结果以A1B1C1、A1B1C2、A2B4C1、A2B5C1、A2B3C2、A2B5C2、A2B4C3处理的综合性状最佳。     

苔藓植物的经济意义

苔藓植物是植物界由水生到陆生的过渡类型,由于大多数种类形体微小,结构简单,它们的作用及与人们的生产关系易被忽视.实际上,苔藓植物不但在自然界中有一定的作用,而且与人生关系也很密切.本文就苔藓植物的资源利用方面加以介绍. 工业上的应用苔藓植物中的提灯藓科的侧枝提灯藓(Mium maximoviczii Lindb.)、尖叶提灯藓(M.cuspitatum Hedw.)、圆叶提灯藓(M.vesicatum Besch.)等是五倍子蚜虫的越冬宿主(它的夏寄主是漆树科的盐肤木、青麸杨、红麸杨),到目前为止,还未发现藓类以外的越冬宿主,所以提灯藓科植物与五倍子蚜虫的繁殖,有着十分密切的关系.漆树科叶上所长的虫瘿称五倍子,内含单宁酸,没食子酸及焦性没食子酸,通称倍酸,含量高达70％以上.倍酸是石油、冶金、医药及轻工业上以及国防工业上的原料和化学试剂.例如石油工业中用作石油钻井的泥浆处理剂,使泥浆不致发生胶凝或沉淀作用,尤其在深井中,可作为防止灰砂水泥浆凝结过早的缓凝剂.在选矿工业中,用作沉淀剂,可提炼稀有金属,如锗、铀、钍、钚、钕、铌等;     

湿地匐灯藓切茎繁殖研究

湿地匐灯藓Ｔ．Ｋｏｐ．是五倍子角倍蚜Ｓｃｈｌｅｃｈｔａｎｄａｌｉａ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｂｅｌｌ．的优良冬寄主之一。对该藓切茎繁殖的研究表明：切茎碎段繁殖适宜时期为４￣６月、９月,温度为１３￣２５℃;碎段长度０．５￣０．８ｃｍ,撒播量为６０￣８０ｇ／ｍ＾２为宜。这不仅可以提高繁殖系数,而且还能延长冬寄主使用寿命２￣３ａ。从而为角倍蚜冬寄主的快速繁殖提供了科学依据。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.