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1.
林火预测预报是科学有效进行林火管理的前提,是林业管理部门和科研工作者的广泛关注的领域。逻辑斯蒂回归(Logistic Regression,LR)是目前国内外广泛应用于森林火灾预测的模型方法,然而近年来有学者发现该方法没有充分考虑林火影响因子的空间相关性和异质性,从而导致模型拟合结果偏差。地理加权逻辑斯蒂回归(Geographically weighted logistic regression,GWR)模型考虑到了模型变量之间的空间相关性,有效提高的模型的拟合能力。为探讨GWLR模型在福建林火预测上的适用性,本研究应用LR和GWLR两种方法分别建立福建省森林火灾与气象因子的预测模型,通过模型拟合能力对比,判断在GWLR的适用性。研究以2000—2005年福建地区森林火灾卫星火点数据和每日气象因子为基础,将全样本分为60%的建模数据和40%的校验数据,并重复5次,建立5个样本组。选择在5个样本组中3个及以上表现显著的变量进入最终模型。研究结果表明GWLR在模型拟合度、模型残差、空间自相关性以及预测准确率等方面均优于LR模型,说明充分考虑模型变量的空间异质性有助于提高模型的预测精度,同时也验证了GWLR在福建地区林火预测上的适应性。此外,模型参数结果显示,\"日最高地表气温\"、\"日最低地表气温\"、\"日平均风速\"、\"24小时降水量\"、\"日最高本站气压\"、\"日照时数\"、\"日最高气温\"和\"日最小相对湿度\"8个因子对福建省林火发生有显著影响,研究结论为福建地区林火预测预报提供了新的方法。  相似文献   

2.
呼伦贝尔草原人为火空间分布格局   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
人为草原火及其影响因素的空间分布格局与相关关系研究对于草原火发生、草原火管理等研究具有重要的意义.应用Ripley's K函数对呼伦贝尔草原1976-1996年间发生的人为草原火进行了空间统计分析,确定人为草原火空间分布在年内主要发生月份和年际间均呈聚集分布;应用Kernel密度函数对人为草原火及其影响因素居民点、道路和农田的空间分布密度进行了研究,结果表明呼伦贝尔草原人为火分布广泛,热点区域主体在123.05-124.82°E、48.25-50.21°N之间;居民点、农田空间分布密度的热点区域主要分布在东部和中部地区,道路的分布密度较农田和居民点分布更加均匀.人为草原火空间分布密度与居民点、道路和农田的空间分布密度呈显著性正相关,其Pearson相关系数依次为0.448、0.236、0.602 (P<0.001),火源因素(居民点、道路、农田)的空间分布格局是呼伦贝尔草原人为火空间分布格局的主要影响因素.  相似文献   

3.
林火干扰对北方针叶林林下植被的影响   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
林下植被在北方针叶林植被群落中的物种多样性最高, 且具有较高的生物量周转率和地上部分净初级生产力, 对北方针叶林生态系统功能起着重要作用。火干扰是决定北方针叶林林下植被结构与功能的一个重要景观过程。该文综述了火干扰是如何通过与地形、火前林冠组成的交互作用而影响环境资源和林下植被的。最近的研究表明: 林下植被能够影响火后树木更新苗的定植、重建速率及森林演替轨迹; 林下植被还会通过影响元素的生物地球化学过程(凋落物降解和养分循环)影响林下环境资源的数量与异质性。因此, 研究火后初期北方针叶林林下植被的动态变化, 对于物种多样性保护和森林管理具有重要意义。  相似文献   

4.
我国重要的北方针叶林地区大兴安岭是林火高发地区.受气候变暖影响,该地区林火发生频率将会发生显著变化.模拟人为火的发生分布与影响因素之间的关系、加强气候变化下人为火的发生分布预测,对于林火管理和减少森林碳损失具有重要作用.本文采用点格局分析方法,基于大兴安岭1967—2006年的火烧数据,建立人为火空间分布与影响因素之间的关系模型,该模型以林火发生次数为因变量,选取非生物因子(年均温和降水量、坡度、坡向和海拔)、生物因子(植被类型)和人为活动因子(距离道路距离、距离居民点距离、道路密度)共9个因子为自变量.并采用RCP 2.6和RCP 8.5气候情景数据代替当前气候情景预测2050年大兴安岭人为火的空间分布状况.结果表明: 点格局模型能够较好地模拟人为火发生分布与空间变量的关系,可以预测未来气候下人为火的发生概率.其中,气候因子对人为火的发生具有明显的控制作用,植被类型、海拔和人为活动等因子对人为火的发生也具有重要影响.林火发生预测结果表明,未来气候变化下,南部地区的林火发生概率将进一步增加,北部和沿主要道路干线附近将成为新的人为火高发区.与当前相比,2050年大兴安岭人为火的发生概率将增加72.2%~166.7%.在未来气候情景下,人为火的发生更多受气候和人为活动因素的控制.  相似文献   

5.
分形理论是用于研究自然界中没有特征长度而又具有自相似性的图形和图像。它的发展为土壤等复杂体系的定量化研究提供了一种有效工具。以川西米亚罗地区几个不同强度人为干扰下的亚高山人工针叶林为对象,研究了其土壤颗粒和土壤微团聚体分形特征的变化,探讨了利用分形维数来表征人为干扰对亚高山人工针叶林土壤的影响,为研究亚高山针叶林生态系统恢复与重建提供了又一途径。  相似文献   

6.
采用开路式涡动相关法对北方针叶林连续2个生长季节(2007和2008年)的碳交换及其影响因素进行分析.结果表明:北方针叶林生态系统总生产力(GEP)、生态系统呼吸(Re)和净生态系统碳交换(NEE)在6月下旬到8月中旬的生长旺盛期达到最大值,但各峰值出现的日期并不一致.2007和2008年北方针叶林生长季的日均GEP、日均Re、日均NEE分别为19.45、15.15、-1.45 g CO2·m-2·d-1和17.67、14.11、-1.37 g CO2·m-2·d-1,2007年碳交换明显大于2008年,这可能是生长季较高的平均温度及光合有效辐射引起(2007年为12.46 ℃和697 μmol·m-2·s-1,2008年为11,04 ℃和639 μmol·m-2·s-1).北方针叶林的GEP与温度和光合有效辐射具有很好的相关性,其中与气温的相关系数接近0.55(P<0.01);Re主要受温度调控,相关系数为0.66~0.72(P<0,01);NEE与光合有效辐射相关性最大,相关系数为0.59~0.63 (P<0.01).  相似文献   

7.
大兴安岭塔河地区雷击火发生驱动因子综合分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
森林火灾是一个全球性问题,对森林资源和温室气体排放有重要影响,并严重影响人们生命财产安全。林火主要分为人为火(人为活动引起)和雷击火(雷电引起)两大类。在我国北方针叶林带,雷击火主要集中在黑龙江大兴安岭和内蒙古呼伦贝尔盟地区。大兴安岭塔河地区位于我国北方针叶林带,是森林火灾的重灾区。其中雷击火所占比例大约1/3以上。目前针对当地雷击火与影响因子的研究主要集中于气象因子,非气象因子(森林可燃物和地形特征)的研究受数据条件和技术手段限制研究报道较少。研究数据包含三部分,林火数据,气象数据和地理植被数据。林火数据包含1974—2009年间林火发生经纬度坐标,时间和面积等。气象数据主要包括每日尺度的最低气温,最高气温,平均风速,平均相对湿度等因子。根据加拿大火险天气指标系统计算出了出了细小可燃物湿度码(FFMC),干燥可燃物湿度码(DMC)和干旱码(DC)也没用于本研究。此外,基于1∶10万塔河地区数字化林相图提取了海拔、坡度、坡向、森林类型、优势树种、龄级等因子用于决策因子分析。研究数据分析过程主要应用Arc GIS10.0中的空间分析工具和SPSS19.0的逻辑斯蒂回归模型完成。研究结果显示\"日最低气温\",\"最大风速\"和\"最小相对湿度\"3个气象因子及火险天气指标系统(FWI)中细小可燃物湿度码(FFMC)干旱码(DC)与雷击火发生概率显著相关(P0.05),模型整体拟合水平R2(CoxSnell)=0.326。在非气象因子与雷击火发生的逻辑斯蒂模型检验中,\"地被物盖度\"和\"龄级\"均在P=0.05水平上与雷击火发生显著相关,其模型的整体拟合水平R2(CoxSnell)为0.15。研究结论表明在分析雷击火发生的决策因子时,应该综合考虑气象、可燃物和林分因素。  相似文献   

8.
2010年7-9月(雨季)和2010年11月-2011年2月(旱季),在广西弄岗国家级自然保护区采用样线法和样方法对弄岗穗鹛(Stachyris nonggangensis)觅食地选择进行研究.主成分分析表明,雨季的乔木层因素和落叶及草本层因素、旱季的地形地貌因素以及草本与灌木层因素是其觅食地的主要特征.圆形分布统计分析显示,雨季和旱季其觅食地多位于中缓坡.与对照样方的差异性检验显示,弄岗穗鹛雨季偏好乔木盖度低的生境,旱季则偏好中、下坡位、灌木高度较高且落叶厚度大的生境.两个季节觅食地的比较显示,其旱季觅食地处于较低海拔,且多位于中、下坡位;旱季草本盖度小于雨季,而落叶盖度和落叶厚度则大于雨季.逻辑斯蒂回归分析表明:弄岗穗鹛雨季觅食地选择以海拔、坡度以及落叶盖度等3个变量为综合考量,而旱季则以坡位、乔木盖度、草本盖度以及落叶厚度等4个变量为综合考量.  相似文献   

9.
2006年4~8月,在海南省大田国家级自然保护区对位于E108°47′05·8″~108°47′12·0″、N19°05′55·7″~19°05′58·1″,面积为10400m2的围栏内6只半散放条件下赤麂(Muntiacus muntjak)的卧息生境进行了研究。将围栏内的面积划为104个10m×10m的样方,作为收集数据的基本单元。将有赤麂卧息的样方定义为卧息单元,反之为非卧息单元。赤麂选择在14个样方卧息,卧息地平均长(1·6643±0·6197)m、宽(1·1679±0·3123)m、高(0·8143±0·1445)m。采用逻辑斯蒂回归模型作为赤麂卧息地特征分析的数学模型,分析了在14个卧息单元中收集的11类生态因子。结果表明,赤麂卧息地的选择与草本高度、隐蔽度、灌木高度及灌木密度正相关。赤麂卧息地选择的预测模型可用以下数学表达式表示:ln[P/(1-P)]=-26·888 0·089×灌木密度 0·253×草本高度 0·114×隐蔽度 0·079×灌木高度。  相似文献   

10.
邹丽丽  陈晓翔  何莹  黎夏  何执兼 《生态学报》2012,32(12):3722-3728
近年来湿地生态系统遭到不同程度破坏,湿地水鸟及其生存空间日益受到威胁。以香港米埔-后海湾湿地为例,收集2003年1月份与鹭科水鸟密切相关的15个自变量和鹭科水鸟实测数据作为因变量构建逻辑斯蒂回归模型,通过筛选获取9个变量因子,分别为土地利用,NDVI,坡度,降雨,TM4纹理,TM3纹理,道路密度,道路距离,人居密度。经Nagelkerke R2检验模型精度达到0.743,拟合度较高。利用模型结果快速聚类,对栖息地进行适宜性分级,分级结果与同期鹭科水鸟实测数据做拟合,精度达到77.4%。最后采集2009年1月份各变量因子数据对回归方程进行时间尺度检验,与同期实测鹭科水鸟数据拟合精度同样达到75.8%,模型具有较好的通用性。  相似文献   

11.
12.
以厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)为目标生物,研究了不同浓度Cd2+(0.194、0.388、0.775 mg·L-1)、Aroclor 1254(0.005、0.01、0.05 mg·L-1)单一和复合胁迫对其消化盲囊抗氧化酶活性及脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。结果表明:(1)单一和复合胁迫均可导致厚壳贻贝抗氧化酶的活性先升高后抑制。高浓度组(0.775 mg·L-1Cd2+、0.05mg·L-1Aroclor 1254)在单一胁迫第1天时,抗氧化酶的活性即达峰值。抗氧化酶活性的下降幅度和速率与胁迫物质作用时间和浓度呈正相关。(2)SOD、GSH-Px对胁迫的敏感性高于CAT。(3)各胁迫处理组MDA含量随胁迫时间延长均显著升高(P0.01)。单一胁迫的效应与剂量和时间呈正相关。(4)复合胁迫的效应强于单一胁迫。推测高于环境水平的Cd2+、Aroclor 1254对厚壳贻贝可产生明显氧化胁迫,抗氧化防御系统可以作为海洋环境重金属-有机物复合污染监测的潜在生物标志物。  相似文献   

13.
    
Although broadleaf tree species of the boreal biome have a lower flammability compared to conifers, there is a period following snow melt and prior to leaf flush (i.e., greenup), termed the “spring window” by fire managers, when these forests are relatively conducive to wildfire ignition and spread. The goal of this study was to characterize the duration, timing, and fire proneness of the spring window across boreal Canada and assess the link between these phenological variables and the incidence of springtime wildfires. We used remotely sensed snow cover and greenup data to identify the annual spring window for five boreal ecozones from 2001 to 2021 and then compared seasonality of wildfire starts (by cause) and fire-conducive weather in relation to this window, averaged over the 21-year period. We conducted a path analysis to concomitantly evaluate the influence of the spring window's duration, the timing of greenup, and fire-conducive weather on the annual number and the seasonality of spring wildfires. Results show that the characteristics of spring windows vary substantially from year to year and among geographic zones, with the interior west of Canada having the longest and most fire-conducive spread window and, accordingly, the greatest springtime wildfire activity. We also provide support for the belief that springtime weather generally promotes wind-driven, rather than drought-driven wildfires. The path analyses show idiosyncratic behavior among ecozones, but, in general, the seasonality of the wildfire season is mainly driven by the timing of the greenup, whereas the number of spring wildfires mostly responds to the duration of the spring window and the frequency of fire-conducive weather. The results of this study allows us to better understand and anticipate the biome-wide changes projected for the northern forests of North America.  相似文献   

14.
  总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
Understanding the spatial patterns of fire occurrence and its response to climate change is vital to fire risk mitigation and vegetation management. Focusing on boreal forests in Northeast China, we used spatial point pattern analysis to model fire occurrence reported from 1965 to 2009. Our objectives were to quantitate the relative importance of biotic, abiotic, and human influences on patterns of fire occurrence and to map the spatial distribution of fire occurrence density (number of fires occurring over a given area and time period) under current and future climate conditions. Our results showed human‐caused fires were strongly related to human activities (e.g. landscape accessibility), including proximity to settlements and roads. In contrast, fuel moisture and vegetation type were the most important controlling factors on the spatial pattern of lightning fires. Both current and future projected spatial distributions of the overall (human‐ + lightning‐caused) fire occurrence density were strongly clustered along linear components of human infrastructure. Our results demonstrated that the predicted change in overall fire occurrence density is positively related to the degree of temperature and precipitation change, although the spatial pattern of change is expected to vary spatially according to proximity to human ignition sources, and in a manner inconsistent with predicted climate change. Compared to the current overall fire occurrence density (median value: 0.36 fires per 1000 km2 per year), the overall fire occurrence density is projected to increase by 30% under the CGCM3 B1 scenario and by 230% under HadCM3 A2 scenario in 2081–2100, respectively. Our results suggest that climate change effects may not outweigh the effects of human influence on overall fire occurrence over the next century in this cultural landscape. Accurate forecasts of future fire‐climate relationships should account for anthropogenic influences on fire ignition density, such as roads and proximity to settlements.  相似文献   

15.
    
Aims The pattern and driving factors of forest fires are of interest for fire occurrence prediction and forest fire management. The aims of the study were: (i) to describe the history of human-caused fires by season and size of burned area over time; (ii) to identify the spatial patterns of human-caused fires and test for the existence of 'hotspots' to determine their exact locations in the Daxing'an Mountains; (iii) to determine the driving factors that determine the spatial distribution and the possibility of human-caused fire occurrence.Methods In this study, K -function and Kernel density estimation were used to analyze the spatial pattern of human-caused fires. The analysis was conducted in S-plus and ArcGIS environments, respectively. The analysis of driving factors was performed in SPSS 19.0 based on a logistic regression model. The variables used to identify factors that influence fire occurrence included vegetation types, meteorological conditions, socioeconomic factors, topography and infrastructure factors, which were extracted and collected through the spatial analysis mode of ArcGIS and from official statistics, respectively.Important findings The annual number of human-caused fires and the area burnt have declined since 1987 due to the implementation of a forest fire protection act. There were significant spatial heterogeneity and seasonal variations in the distribution of human-caused fires in the Daxing'an Mountains. The heterogeneity was caused by elevation, distance to the nearest railway, forest type and temperature. A logistic regression model was developed to predict the likelihood of human-caused fire occurrence in the Daxing'an Mountains; its global accuracy attained 64.8%. The model was thus comparable to other relevant studies.  相似文献   

16.
林火是森林生态系统的重要影响因子,建立科学准确的林火预测预报模型对林火管理工作至关重要。本研究以不同气象因子为主要预测变量,基于Logistic回归和广义线性混合效应模型建立福建省林火发生预测模型,通过对比Logistic基础模型和广义线性混合效应模型的拟合度和预测精度,研究混合效应模型在林火预报中的适用性。结果表明: Logistic基础模型的受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)值为0.664,验证准确率为60.4%。添加随机效应后,模型的拟合和检验精度均获得了提升。其中,考虑行政区划和海拔差异效应的两水平混合效应模型的表现最优,其AUC值和验证准确率分别比基础模型提升0.057和6.0%。用此混合效应模型对福建省各地区的林火发生概率进行预测的结果表明,福建省西北部和南部为林火中高发区域,西南部和东部为林火低发区域,与实际观测的火点分布一致。混合效应模型在数据拟合和林火发生预测方面均优于Logistic基础模型,可作为林火预测和管理的重要工具。  相似文献   

17.
Across the boreal forest, fire is the main disturbance factor and driver of ecosystem changes. In this study, we reconstructed a long-term, spatially explicit fire history of a forest-tundra region in northeastern Canada. We hypothesized that current occupation of similar topographic and edaphic sites by tundra and forest was the consequence of cumulative regression with time of forest cover due to compounding fire and climate disturbances. All fires were mapped and dated per 100 year intervals over the last 2,000 years using several fire dating techniques. Past fire occurrences and post-fire regeneration at the northern forest limit indicate 70% reduction of forest cover since 1800 yr BP and nearly complete cessation of forest regeneration since 900 yr BP. Regression of forest cover was particularly important between 1500s-1700s and possibly since 900 yr BP. Although fire frequency was very low over the last 100 years, each fire event was followed by drastic removal of spruce cover. Contrary to widespread belief of northward boreal forest expansion due to recent warming, lack of post-fire recovery during the last centuries, in comparison with active tree regeneration more than 1,000 years ago, indicates that the current climate does not favour such expansion.  相似文献   

18.
本研究通过FireBGCv2模型,模拟不同烈度林火干扰下未来100年呼中自然保护区森林各碳库的动态变化特征,以探究森林不同碳库对火干扰的响应规律,为保护区森林可燃物的管理提供科学依据.结果表明:林火干扰显著降低了保护区森林碳储量,且林火烈度越大,碳储量降低越多.火干扰影响森林各碳库储量的变化,也改变了森林总碳库的分配特...  相似文献   

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