蚜虫玻片标本简易制作法

蚜虫是许多农作物、蔬菜、果树的重要害虫,不但种类多,而且同一种蚜虫在不同地区具有不同的生态类型。在作形态观察及种的鉴定时,都需要定期的采集,作成显微的玻片标本,以便观察各部分的特征。制作玻片标本的方法很多,例如鲍特来克(Boudreaux,1949)氏介绍,将蚜虫从腹面后足基部用细针穿孔,以5％氢氧化钠液处理,各级浓度酒精脱水,丁香     

制作粉虱玻片标本的一种新方法

<正> 人们制作昆虫玻片标本,一般用酒精脱水,费时较长,有时易造成标本萎缩变形。现介绍一种制作粉虱玻片标本的方法,该方法利用冰醋酸脱水,避免了酒精脱水的不足,经作者使用,效果良好。 标本制作方法如下:(1)将标本放入5％     

蓟马标本的制作

<正> 蓟马体小,形态特征用肉眼不易区分,为此制作玻片就成为一项重要工作,但目的要求不同,各人所用的方法也不尽相同,现介绍二种制作方法,供参考。 一、标本的采集 将顶芽上或花、果、叶、     

土壤螨类的采集与玻片标本的制作

土壤螨类与农林业、畜牧业和人类健康有密切的关系。土壤螨类的种类多、分布广。研究土壤蟎类首先要了解其采集方法、生活习性及栖息场所,使用较为适宜且简单的方法,既省时间又可采得较多而完美的标本。笔者对土壤螨类的采集、玻片标本的制作及其保存等方法进行了较全面的介绍。     

显微玻片标本制作中的代用药品

显微玻片标本制作中的代用药品为解决上生物实验课和指导学生开展生物学科技活动中的一些困难，现介绍几种效果较好价廉的显微玻片标本制作中的代用药品，用于玻片标本的染色。１医用紧药水市售的医用紫药水，是指龙胆紫、甲紫、结晶紫这一类性质相同的碱性染料，将其稀释...     

构造仰天山植被资源计算机信息库

１　标本采集及处理１．１　采集　参照植物标本采集方法及分类词典,从低至高、从小至大、从低级至高级、从山阴至山阳全面采集植物标本。同时,对单一植物生存的典型环境拍摄彩色照片,并记录相关的地质、气候、土壤、光照、地势及其它植物等影响因素。１．２　制作　标本采集后,按生化原理进行防腐、防变色等处理制作标本,对其名称、种类、形态、生长、分布、用途、在群落中的数量比例及作用等信息分栏记录,建立卡片,拍制彩照,分类编号,上架保存。１．３　处理　用真彩扫描仪或实物投影仪把照片按编号制作计算机图形文件;整理记录…     

寄生虫卵长期玻片标本的制做方法

为满足寄生虫学教学的需要,提高实习效果,制做长两保存的寄生虫卵玻片标本,是一项重要的工作。国内学者介绍过制作寄生虫卵玻片标本的方法很多,但能长期保存而方法又简便的报道较少。笔者于1963年8月用凡士林和加拿大树胶封固的方法制做一批寄生虫卵玻片标本,至今已保存十六年之久,但虫卵未变形内部结构清晰、色泽如故,仍可供教学使用。现将制做方法介绍如下。     

介紹一种簡單適用的蚜虫玻片制作方法

进行蚜虫的研究工作,必需要将蚜虫制作成良好的玻片标本。制成的玻片需要清晰、干净、透明度适宜、特征完整明爽、经久不变质,制作手续与技术愈简单愈好。但在以往我们使用的几种封盖玻片的方法,往往在某些方面达不到要求;而且在操作上手续繁复,故在最后制片时常常得不到理想的标本。近来我们试行了阿拉伯胶混合液的蚜虫玻片封盖方法,经过初步使用后,认为封好的玻片尚还适用,现将阿拉伯胶混合液的配制方法及操作规程加以介绍:     

寄生虫卵玻片标本制做方法的改进

1.用甘油明胶改良的方法,制作一般寄生虫卵玻片标本,可供教学及示教之用,且可经久保留,虫卵尚属完好。2.用上法对十二指肠钩虫卵 Ancylostoma duode-nale 及短膜壳绦虫卵 Hymenolepis nana 制成的玻片标本,尚不能令人满意。     

细菌、霉菌玻片标本的制作技巧

为了研究微生物的形态特征和鉴别不同类群的微生物,微生物的形态结构观察与鉴定实验是微生物学实验中十分重要的基本技术。而微生物的玻片标本的制作是做好微生物形态观察和分类鉴定等丁作的前提,标本的制作方法在微生物学实验指导书上均有介绍,但笔者在教学实践中发现有较多的学生在制作     

捕食线虫菌物玻片标本制作方法*

采用玻片培养——棉蓝染色法解决了食线虫菌物永久玻片制作中存在的一些问题;小室培养加盖玻片的方法解决了捕食器不能用高倍镜和油镜观察的难题,并且可以拍摄到高质量的显微图象;刮片法改进了临时玻片的制作方法。     

Restoration of broken cytology slides and creation of multiple slides from a single smear preparation.

A technique was developed for restoring broken cytology slides so that they are close to their original condition and for making multiple slides from a single smear preparation. The method is applicable to both cytologic preparations and histologic sections. In this study the fragmented smear preparation was treated with Pro-Texx, which penetrated, impregnated and solidified the full thickness of the pieces of the smear, enabling them to be lifted from the pieces of the broken slide. The removed pieces of the smear preparation were reassembled onto a new slide, which was then restained and coverslipped. In preparing multiple teaching slides, the treated smear preparation was divided as planned, with each portion mounted onto a separate slide, which was then restained and coverslipped. Ten other fine needle aspiration cases with broken slides have been restored, and more teaching slides were prepared from a single smear preparation using the same technique. All were equally successful. This technique provides an excellent method of smear transfer in cases of broken slides and creation of multiple slides from a single smear preparation for cytology teaching. This is particularly useful for unusual cases.     

A Quick-Freeze Method for Making Smear Slides Permanent

Many types of smear slides can be made permanent rapidly and effectively by substituting for the usual dehydration series a single-step process of freezing the slide on a block of dry ice, placing it immediately in 95% or absolute alcohol, and then mounting it. Advantages of the technic are its speed, the ease of separation of cover slip from slide with a minimum loss of cells, and the superiority of the resulting permanent slides.     

An improved technique for making permanent slide cultures of fungi

A double-over-glass technique used for preparing permanent slides of marine fungal spores is herein adapted to the standard slide culture technique. Fungal slide cultures made by this new method will last indefinitely.     

Brilliant Cresyl Blue as a Stain for Plant Chromosomes

Methods are proposed for staining plant chromosomes with the dye brilliant cresyl blue, and for making these stained preparations permanent by using polyvinyl alcohol mounting medium.

The stain, which is composed of 2% brilliant cresyl blue in 45% aqueous acetic or propionic acid, is used with fixed material in making smear preparations. The technics for staining are similar to those employed in the aceto-carmine method.

The mounting medium is made by mixing 56% polyvinyl alcohol, which is diluted in water to the consistency of thick molasses, with 22% lactic acid and 22% phenol by volume. The permanent slides are made by floating off the cover slip of the temporary slide in 70% alcohol, then applying the mounting medium and replacing the cover slip.

The chief advantages of the methods described are:

1)The preparation of the stain is rapid and simple. The batch of stain will be good with the first try.

2)The staining procedure in some instances is shorter than when using aceto-carmine.

3)The stain shows a high degree of specificity for nuclear structures and gives better results than aceto-carmine when used on certain plant tissues.

4)A minimum number of cells is lost in making the slides permanent when using polyvinyl alcohol mounting medium as the slide and cover slip are run through only one solution prior to mounting.

5)The mounting medium dries rapidly and this shortens the time required before critical examination of the permanent mounts can be made.     

Optimizing Frozen Sample Preparation for Laser Microdissection: Assessment of CryoJane Tape-Transfer System?

Laser microdissection is an invaluable tool in medical research that facilitates collecting specific cell populations for molecular analysis. Diversity of research targets (e.g., cancerous and precancerous lesions in clinical and animal research, cell pellets, rodent embryos, etc.) and varied scientific objectives, however, present challenges toward establishing standard laser microdissection protocols. Sample preparation is crucial for quality RNA, DNA and protein retrieval, where it often determines the feasibility of a laser microdissection project. The majority of microdissection studies in clinical and animal model research are conducted on frozen tissues containing native nucleic acids, unmodified by fixation. However, the variable morphological quality of frozen sections from tissues containing fat, collagen or delicate cell structures can limit or prevent successful harvest of the desired cell population via laser dissection. The CryoJane Tape-Transfer System®, a commercial device that improves cryosectioning outcomes on glass slides has been reported superior for slide preparation and isolation of high quality osteocyte RNA (frozen bone) during laser dissection. Considering the reported advantages of CryoJane for laser dissection on glass slides, we asked whether the system could also work with the plastic membrane slides used by UV laser based microdissection instruments, as these are better suited for collection of larger target areas. In an attempt to optimize laser microdissection slide preparation for tissues of different RNA stability and cryosectioning difficulty, we evaluated the CryoJane system for use with both glass (laser capture microdissection) and membrane (laser cutting microdissection) slides. We have established a sample preparation protocol for glass and membrane slides including manual coating of membrane slides with CryoJane solutions, cryosectioning, slide staining and dissection procedure, lysis and RNA extraction that facilitated efficient dissection and high quality RNA retrieval from CryoJane preparations. CryoJane technology therefore has the potential to facilitate standardization of laser microdissection slide preparation from frozen tissues.     

Slide preparation and sampling as a major source of variability in the mouse micronucleus assay

This paper describes the results of a study in which mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay slides were assessed for homogeneity of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MPE) among polychromatic erythrocytes (PE). The slides were prepared by 3 distinct methods and several methods of slide reading were assessed. Observations made using our slides were confirmed by re-analysis of slides from 3 independent laboratories. It is concluded that the method of slide preparation and assessment can significantly influence the variability of data obtained from a study. The extent of this variability casts doubt upon the validity of certain assumptions concerning this assay--such as sex differences in MPE incidence, responder variability, etc. Results are discussed within the context of the very recent literature for this assay. Some laboratories appear to have adequate methods of slide preparation and data accumulation, while others do not. Methods to improve the sensitivity of this assay are suggested within the context of the recommendations made by the Gene-Tox review group. In particular, it is suggested that individual investigators present evidence of the adequacy of their data accumulation techniques in order to enhance the value of future studies.     

Preparation of Drosophila mitotic chromosomes for electron-microscopic studies]

A method of chromosome spreading on microscopic slides was modified for electron microscopy of metaphase chromosomes in Drosophila tissues. The slides covered with an electron transparent film were plasmochemically modified to make them hydrophilic. A piece of fixed tissue was macerated in 60% propionic acid before spreading chromosomes over the slide. The parts of preparation selected under light microscope for electron microscopic examination were cut and peeled of the slide to the top of a water drop. It was shown that the resolution of chromosomal structures was significantly higher than seen under optical microscope, but lower than in serial sections.     

Reproducibility of coccolith morphometry: Evaluation of spraying and smear slide preparation techniques

It is of great importance to assess the internal accuracy and reproducibility of coccolith morphometry, and to understand any systematic differences between various sample preparation techniques, so that data obtained with different methods can be adequately compared. Here, we performed a comparative study between two techniques regularly used to prepare nannofossil microscope slides, the standard smear slide and spraying methods. With each technique, ten replicate slides were prepared and morphometric measurements were carried out on the coccolith genus Calcidiscus as well as full assemblage counts to determine the reproducibility of coccolith size measurements and relative species abundances for each method.For either method, two significant sources of variance are related to the morphometric data, the variance between replicate slides and the variance within slides. Thus, in order to reduce the total variance of the estimate of mean coccolith size, it is beneficial to increase the number of replicate slides as well as the number of measurements on each slide. If the aim of the morphometric study is to address the mean size of a coccolith taxon or species complex (a group of closely related sub-species), one could rely on either preparation technique, since no significant difference in (log-normalised) mean size between the two tested methodologies was found. Likewise, the 10th percentiles are statistically equal for both methods. However, the 90th percentile values are significantly larger in the sprayed slides than in the smear slides, indicating that the spraying method may either favour larger coccoliths or better resolve the full extent of size variability present in the sample. Future tests are needed to investigate whether, and if so, how, size-fractionation may occur when using the spraying method. Nevertheless, the spraying method is preferred based on the reproducibility of proportion estimates since no significant difference between replicate samples was observed, in stark contrast to the smear slide series with 3–4 times higher variance. It appears that information gained from one sprayed slide requires counting at least three replicate smear slides.     

蛋白质微阵列生产用琼脂糖修饰玻片制备的条件优化

目的:建立一种以琼脂糖修饰的玻片为载体的蛋白质微阵列制备的优化方法,比较琼脂糖修饰玻片和醛基修饰玻片及氨基修饰玻片对蛋白质固定效率的优劣。方法:将羊IgG固定在载体表面,经过洗涤、封闭,再加入Cy3标记的兔抗羊IgG,孵育,洗涤后用共聚焦激光扫描仪获取图像,检测各点的荧光强度,根据荧光强度确定最佳琼脂糖浓度,最佳NaIO4浓度,最佳固定时间以及封闭时间等实验条件。结果:琼脂糖浓度为1.2％、NaIO4浓度为20mmol／L、固定时间为1h、孵育时间为45min时,蛋白质在载体上的固定效率和反应活性最高。在固定的抗体浓度相同的情况下,琼脂糖修饰玻片荧光强度是醛基修饰玻片的2.6倍,是氨基修饰玻片的9倍。结论:确立了蛋白质微阵列生产用琼脂糖修饰玻片制备的优化条件,用该优化条件制备的琼脂糖玻片更适合用于蛋白质微阵列载体。