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1.
桔小实蝇是当今对果蔬危害较为严重的检疫类害虫,通过对三亚地区桔小实蝇在果树园发生情况的实地调研,结合已有的文献和数据。对桔小实蝇的不同防治策略进行综合分析与评估,通过从不同方案的优势与缺陷分析得出较好的防治措施。  相似文献   

2.
桔小实蝇生物学特点及其防治研究概述   总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24  
谢琦  张润杰 《生态科学》2005,24(1):52-56
桔小实蝇Bactrocera(Bactrocera)dorsalis(Hendel)是危害热带、亚热带水果的重要检疫性害虫之一,本文综述了桔小实蝇主要生物学、生态学特点和防治措施的研究进展,包括桔小实蝇在国内的总体分布情况,对寄主的选择差异,各虫态的形态特征、发育历期和不同因子对其生长发育的影响,生活史以及农业防治、化学农药防治、诱杀防治、生物防治、物理防治等不同防治方法的研究和应用情况,并对今后的研究提出一些建议。  相似文献   

3.
桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis是为害园艺作物的重要检疫性害虫。本研究采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术,分析了取食3种寄主植物杨桃、番石榴和芒果的桔小实蝇雄成虫表皮碳氢化合物组成和含量,并以人工饲料饲养作为对照进行了比较。结果表明,4种食物源的桔小实蝇共含有42种表皮碳氢化合物,其碳原子数为C29-C37,主要为正构烷烃、一甲基烷烃和二甲基烷烃。取食杨桃、番石榴和芒果桔小实蝇表皮碳氢化合物种类分别为人工饲料的99.3%、91.4%和98.3%,4种食物源的桔小实蝇表皮碳氢化合物种类基本相同,主成分分析和判别分析可从含量上将各食物源的桔小实蝇区分开。不同食物源引起的差异体现在物质的含量上,而主要的组分种类相对稳定,说明食物因素不影响利用表皮碳氢化合物进行桔小实蝇种的鉴定。因此可提取种内共有物质作为种的特征峰,建立不同食物条件下桔小实蝇的指纹图谱,为检验检疫过程中实蝇种类的鉴定提供数据支持。  相似文献   

4.
桔小实蝇是重要的检疫性害虫,可对水果产业造成巨大经济损失。本研究首先采用微卫星标记比较桔小实蝇不同地理种群间的遗传差异性,然后通过室内种间杂交试验,研究了两个相异地理种群(此前称谓的来自中国的桔小实蝇和来自马来西亚的木瓜实蝇)之间杂交后代在繁殖力、孵化率、发育历期、产卵管长度以及抗逆性等方面的适应性,结果表明桔小实蝇中国和马来西亚种群之间的遗传关系极为相近,不存在生殖隔离,但杂交后代在繁殖力、孵化率、幼虫发育情况、高蛹期抗逆性等方面均显著高于其亲本种群,产卵管长度则介于亲本的马来西亚种群和中国种群之间。上述杂交种的适应性特征分析表明,杂交后代可能具有比亲本更强的传播潜力,因此,本研究结果对于桔小实蝇相异地理种群的检疫防控提出了新的挑战。  相似文献   

5.
桔小实蝇传入风险的模糊综合评估   总被引:16,自引:3,他引:13  
张润杰  侯柏华 《昆虫学报》2005,48(2):221-226
根据国际有害生物风险评估方案,本文提出了桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)随进口水果传入风险评估的参数指标体系,包括一级评估指标5个: 进口水果种类,进口水果数量,进口水果的虫害率,运输途中害虫存活率,检疫管理的有效性; 二级评估指标9个: 原产地桔小实蝇的防治情况,水果装运前的处理情况,桔小实蝇对水果的嗜好性,水果运输期,运输条件,运输途中极端限制因子的出现情况,检疫抽样百分比,检出率,检疫措施的处理效果等。采用权重分析法确定各个指标的权重,在此基础上,应用模糊决策的基本理论和方法,建立桔小实蝇传入风险的模糊综合评估模型。模拟评估结果认为,进口水果装运前的杀虫处理和水果到岸时的检疫处理对风险值的影响很大,进口水果的数量以及运输途中是否出现极端限制因子也对风险值有明显影响。  相似文献   

6.
桔小实蝇生物学特性   总被引:33,自引:2,他引:31  
桔小实蝇是一种重要的检疫性果蔬害虫,在厦门一年发生5-6代,以成虫越冬,一年8-10月份为发生高蜂期。本文记述了该虫的形态特征、年生活史、发育历期、发育起点温度,有效积温,生活习性及天敌等。  相似文献   

7.
桔小实蝇Bactrocera doralis (Hendel)是华南地区果蔬重要害虫,近年来危害严重,对农业造成巨大的经济损失.本研究采用阈性状分析方法,对桔小实蝇敏感品系对多杀霉素抗性进行选育,计算了桔小实蝇对多杀霉素的抗性现实遗传力,评估了抗药性产生的风险.结果表明:经过16代选育,桔小实蝇对多杀霉素抗性增加了7.05倍(LC50从0.60 mg/L增加到4.23 mg/L),现实遗传力为0.1774.结果显示桔小实蝇对多杀霉素抗性发展较慢.  相似文献   

8.
2006~2007年对福建省番石榴树冠上的主要害虫种类、危害部位及程度进行调查,发现番石榴树冠主要害虫有8个目46个科72个种,其中害螨1种,以同翅目害虫种类最多,达32种.棉蚜、桃蚜、乌盔蚧、花蓟马等害虫的发生量最大,桔小实蝇对番石榴果实的为害最重.闺台两地番石榴共有的害虫有59种,隶属于6个目20个科,主要为同翅目害虫,占共有种类的69%;台湾特有的害虫有11种,隶属于4个目7个科,主要为同翅目和缨翅目害虫,比例达36%.  相似文献   

9.
湖南省几种实蝇的形态鉴别   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
综合比较了6种湖南省内捕获的实蝇类昆虫雄成虫的形态鉴别特征,其中离腹寡毛实蝇属(Bactrocera)5种(包括具条实蝇B.scutellata(Hendel)、南瓜实蝇B.tau(Walker)、瓜实蝇B.cucturbitae(Coquillett)、桔小实蝇B.dorsalis(Hendel)和柑橘大实蝇B.(Tetradacus)minax(Enderlein)),以及合腹寡毛实蝇属(Dacus)1种(棍腹实蝇Dacus sp.),以期为实蝇类害虫的检疫和防控提供依据.  相似文献   

10.
桔小实蝇对几种寄主挥发物的触角电位反应   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
桔小实蝇寄主范围广,可危害芒果、柑橘、咖啡和红辣椒等250多种水果和蔬菜,现已成为中国、东南亚、印度次大陆和夏威夷群岛一带的危险性果蔬害虫。本文利用触角电位(electroantennogram,EAG)技术,测定了桔小实蝇雌雄成虫对8种寄主挥发物标准化合物(1,8桉叶素、α-蒎烯、β-石竹烯、柠檬醛、香草醛、乙醇、芳樟醇和月桂烯)的EAG反应。结果表明:上述标准化合物均能引起EAG反应,EAG反应值随着浓度增大(0.1μg/μL、1μg/μL、10μg/μL和100μg/μL)而显著不同。当柠檬醛和月桂烯浓度为100μg/μL时,桔小实蝇雌虫交配前、后的EAG反应值存在显著性差异。浓度为100μg/μL的1,8桉叶素对桔小实蝇交配后雌虫和雄虫的刺激反应存在显著性差异。桔小实蝇交配前雌虫和雄虫对浓度为100μg/μL乙醇的EAG反应值存在显著性差异。  相似文献   

11.
The arterial blood supply of the skin flap of the dorsal foot   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The dorsal foot skin supplied by the arteria dorsalis pedis the dorsal venous arch, the peroneal sensory nerves and the musculus extensor digitorum brevis is a very good myocutaneous flap. The material on which the study was carried out, consisted of 20 feet from standard cadavers, injected with a mixture of terebenthene and minium through the arteria tibialis anterior. The m. extensor digitorum brevis is 6.1 cm long, 1.7 cm wide, 3.9 mm thick. It is mainly supplied by the a. dorsalis pedis and its branches: the a. tarsea dorsalis (constant) and the a. metatarsea dorsalis (12 of 20 specimens). The average diameter of the a. dorsalis pedis at the upper limit of the m. extensor retinaculum was 2.14 mm and this was chosen as the most proximal limit of the dorsalis pedis flap. The a. tarsea dorsalis was present in all the specimens, with a diameter of 0.95 mm at its origin and a length of 35 mm. On average, this artery divided into four branches to the m. dorsalis pedis. The a. metatarsea dorsalis was present in 12 of 20 specimens, with an average diameter of 0.53 mm and a length of 22 mm. On average, this artery divided into three branches to the m. dorsalis pedis. We drew three lines in the proximal, middle and distal third of each flap design and calculated the sum of arterial branch sections with our lines. We think this provides a reasonable indication of the comparative richness of the cutaneous blood supply in the flap. The mean number of cutaneous branches was 10 in the proximal third, 6.7 in the middle third (13 if branches supplying the m. extensor pedis brevis are included) and 5 in the distal third. The myocutaneous dorsalis pedis arterialized flap can be safely used as an island flap to cover the ankle or heel and as a free flap for palm defects.  相似文献   

12.
The nucleus raphe dorsalis of the albino rat has been studied in the following three ways: (1) the cell mass was subjected to a detailed cytoarchitectonic analysis, based upon Nissl-stained material; (2) serotonin--as well as the noradrenaline--immunoreactive neurons present in the area of the nucleus raphe dorsalis were plotted; (3) following large injections of the fluorescent dye propidium iodide into the caudatoputamen complex, the cells in the nucleus raphe dorsalis projecting to this complex were labeled and subsequently stained with an antibody against serotonin. Cytoarchitectonic analysis showed that three cell types are present within the confines of the nucleus raphe dorsalis: small, medium and large. Moreover, differences in concentrations of cell bodies made it possible to subdivide the nucleus raphe dorsalis into four regions. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the borders of the serotoninergic cell groups B6 and B7 of DAHLSTROM and FUXE do not coincide with those of the nucleus raphe dorsalis. Serotonin-immunoreactive perikarya in the nucleus raphe dorsalis were categorized as medium and large neurons; noradrenaline-immunoreactive neurons in the nucleus raphe dorsalis do all belong to the category--large neurons. With the combined use of immunofluorescence and fluorescent retrograde tracing, it was found that the projection from the nucleus raphe dorsalis to the caudatoputamen complex originates from serotoninergic as well as non-serotoninergic cells, both of which can be categorized as being medium-sized neurons. The data presented in this paper provides a guide for further studies of afferent and efferent connections of the nucleus raphe dorsalis and for electrophysiological experiments on its constituent neurons.  相似文献   

13.
【目的】由电光叶蝉Recilia dorsalis传播的水稻条纹花叶病毒(rice stripe mosaic virus,RSMV)目前在我国华南稻区大面积发生并对水稻生产造成严重危害。本研究旨在明确RSMV对介体电光叶蝉生长繁殖及取食行为的影响。【方法】通过生物学实验测定RSMV侵染后电光叶蝉的生长和生命表参数;利用刺吸电位(electrical penetration graph,EPG)技术比较携带和未携带RSMV的电光叶蝉成虫在健康水稻上的取食行为差异;采用Y型嗅觉仪测定电光叶蝉成虫对感染和未感染RSMV水稻的寄主选择倾向性。【结果】与无毒电光叶蝉相比,携带RSMV的电光叶蝉若虫发育历期延长,而若虫存活率、成虫羽化率、雌虫繁殖力和卵孵化率下降。无毒电光叶蝉成虫倾向于选择取食RSMV侵染的水稻,而带毒电光叶蝉成虫倾向于选择取食健康水稻。与无毒电光叶蝉相比,带毒电光叶蝉成虫取食健康水稻所产生的刺探波、障碍波和唾液分泌波次数和持续时间均显著增加,被动取食波和休息波次数减少但时间均延长。【结论】与无毒电光叶蝉相比,感染RSMV使带毒电光叶蝉若虫发育历期延长且不利于其种群的繁殖。RSMV通过调控介体电光叶蝉成虫的取食和寄主选择行为而有利于自身在寄主水稻间的传播。  相似文献   

14.
Summary The distribution of substance P-immunoreactivity (SP-IR) in the brainstem and spinal cord of normal and colchicine-pretreated cats was analysed using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique. Numerous SP-IR fibers are present in the nucleus solitarius, nucleus dorsalis nervi vagi and nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini, various parts of the formatio reticularis, substantia grisea centralis mesencephali, locus coeruleus and nucleus parabrachialis. SP-IR perikarya occur in the substantiae gelatinosa and intermedia of the spinal cord, the nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini-pars caudalis, the nucleus dorsalis nervi vagi, and the nucleus solitarius, as well as in the adjacent formatio reticularis and the medullary nuclei of the raphe. In addition, SP-IR cell bodies are located in the nuclei raphe magnus and incertus, ventral and dorsal to the nucleus tegmentalis dorsalis (Gudden), nucleus raphe dorsalis, substantia grisea centralis mensencephali, locus coeruleus, nucleus parabrachialis and colliculus superior.The results indicate that SP-IR neurons may be involved in the regulation of cardiovascular functions both at the central and peripheral level. A peripheral afferent portion seems to terminate in the nucleus solitarius and an efferent part is postulated to originate from the nucleus dorsalis nervi vagi and from the area of the nuclei retroambiguus, ambiguus and retrofacialis.  相似文献   

15.
Using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique, the location of neurotensin-like fibers and cell bodies was studied in the diencephalon of the cat. The findings showed that the hypothalamus is richer in neurotensin-like-immunoreactive structures than the thalamus, and that neurotensin-like-immunoreactive structures are more widely distributed in the hypothalamus than in the thalamus. A high density of immunoreactive fibers was observed in the hypothalamic regions, area hypothalamica dorsalis, hypothalamus posterior, nucleus (n.) filiformis and n. arcuatus, whereas a moderate density was found in the n. parafascicularis, n. paraventricularis anterior, hypothalamus lateralis, median eminence and n. paraventricularis hypothalami. Other diencephalic regions such as n. lateralis posterior, n. lateralis dorsalis, n. medialis dorsalis, n. habenularis lateralis, n. centrum medianum, n. rhomboidens, n. reuniens, hypothalamus anterior, n. supra chiasmaticus, hypothalamus ventromedialis, n. supraopticus and hypothalamus dorsomedialis had the lowest density of immunoreactive fibers. In addition, the densest clusters of neurotensin-like perikarya were found in the n. arcuatus, n. centralis medialis and hypothalamus posterior, whereas the n. medialis dorsalis, n. paraventricularis anterior, n. reuniens, hypothalamus lateralis and hypothalamus ventromedialis had the lowest density. In the n. lateralis dorsalis, n. supraopticus, area hypothalamica dorsalis and n. supra chiasmaticus the density of immunoreactive perikarya was moderate.  相似文献   

16.
介绍了近年从进口东南亚水果中经常截获的、最具经济重要性的桔小实蝇复合种5个近缘种:杨桃实蝇B.carambolae、桔小实蝇B.dorsalis、芒果实蝇B.occipitalis、木瓜实蝇B.papayae及菲律宾实蝇B.philippinensis,分别记述了翅、胸、足、腹及雌虫产卵器主要鉴别特征,并列出桔小实蝇复合种5近缘种鉴别特征检索表。  相似文献   

17.
[卡其].肯拜尔鸭和北京鸭胰脏和胰管的比较解剖   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
刘济五  李谦正 《动物学报》1991,37(2):127-134
本研究共观察[卡其]·肯拜尔鸭(Khaki Campbell)45只,北京鸭[Pekin duck(Anas domestica L.)]41只,比较了两种鸭胰叶和胰管的形态结构。结果如下:[卡其]·肯拜尔鸭和北京鸭的胰脏都分为背侧胰叶,腹侧胰叶和脾胰叶。除有背侧胰管和腹侧胰管外,还观察到自背侧胰叶尾端发出另一胰管入十二指肠,并命名为第一胰管。[卡其]·肯拜尔鸭和北京鸭的背侧和腹侧胰管入肠类型均可分为三种:背、腹侧胰管以左、右向排列;背侧胰管在前,腹侧胰管在后;腹侧胰管在前,背侧胰管在后。此外,[卡其]·肯拜尔鸭出现多条胰管入肠的例数多于北京鸭。  相似文献   

18.
The dorsalis complex contains some of the most economically important fruit fly pests of the Asia–Pacific regions, including Bactrocera dorsalis, Bactrocera papayae and Bactrocera carambolae. These species are morphologically indistinct and genetically very similar. We describe the development of 12 microsatellite markers isolated from a representative of the dorsalis complex, B. papayae. We show the potential utility of the B. papayae microsatellites and a set of microsatellites isolated from Bactrocera tryoni as population and species markers for the dorsalis complex.  相似文献   

19.
The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is a major pest throughout South East Asia and in a number of Pacific Islands. As a result of their widespread distribution, pest status, invasive ability and potential impact on market access, B. dorsalis and many other fruit fly species are considered major threats to many countries. CLIMEX was used to model the potential global distribution of B. dorsalis under current and future climate scenarios. Under current climatic conditions, its projected potential distribution includes much of the tropics and subtropics and extends into warm temperate areas such as southern Mediterranean Europe. The model projects optimal climatic conditions for B. dorsalis in the south-eastern USA, where the principle range-limiting factor is likely to be cold stress. As a result of climate change, the potential global range for B. dorsalis is projected to extend further polewards as cold stress boundaries recede. However, the potential range contracts in areas where precipitation is projected to decrease substantially. The significant increases in the potential distribution of B. dorsalis projected under the climate change scenarios suggest that the World Trade Organization should allow biosecurity authorities to consider the effects of climate change when undertaking pest risk assessments. One of the most significant areas of uncertainty in climate change concerns the greenhouse gas emissions scenarios. Results are provided that span the range of standard Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenarios. The impact on the projected distribution of B. dorsalis is striking, but affects the relative abundance of the fly within the total suitable range more than the total area of climatically suitable habitat.  相似文献   

20.
Mutations in the gene encoding the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, associated with resistance to an organophosphorus insecticide have been characterized. Three point mutations producing nonsynonymous changes in the predicted amino acid sequence of the product of the B. dorsalis ace gene in resistant vs. susceptible flies have been identified. One of these changes is unique to B. dorsalis while the other two occur at sites that are identical to mutations previously described for another Bactrocera species. Although the precise role of the third mutation is not clearly established, the independent origin of two identical alterations in these two species strongly supports the idea proposed previously that molecular changes associated with insecticide resistance in key genes and enzymes such as AChE are largely constrained to a limited number of sites. The results obtained here also suggest that the widespread use of organophosphorus insecticides will likely lead to a predictable acquisition of resistance in wild populations of B. dorsalis as well as other pest species. For surveys of B. dorsalis populations that may develop resistance, diagnostic tests using PCR-RFLP based methods for detecting the presence of all three mutations in individual flies are described.  相似文献   

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